理正勘察软件在山区公路中的应用分析

文章基于理正勘察软件在公路勘察中的应用特点,分析了理正勘察软件在山区公路绘制地质纵断面图中存在的问题,探讨了解决问题的途径,并提出运用屏占比确定公路工程地质纵断面图的最佳比例,同时介绍了理正勘察软件应用过程中的相关经验。     

浅析来宾至马山高速公路采空区勘察设计及处治方案

文章以来宾至马山高速公路采空区勘察设计为例,结合勘察区工程地质条件的特点,介绍了采空区勘察的主要手段,探讨了采空区勘察设计方法和处治措施,为类似工程的勘察设计提供参考。     

浅谈公路勘察设计控制工程质量和造价的对策

文章基于当前广西公路勘察设计质量和工程造价现状,分析了公路工程勘察设计质量和造价控制方面存在的主要问题,提出了提高勘察设计质量、控制工程造价的对策。     

高速公路桥梁工程地质勘察探析

桥梁工程设计阶段地质勘察的主要任务是在已选定的最优方案基础上,进一步开展大量的钻探、试验和原位测试工作,着重查明个别墩基特殊的工程地质条件和局部地段存在的严重工程地质问题,为选择桥线、基础类型及其最佳位置、施工方法等提供必要的工程地质资料。鉴于此,结合工程实例,探讨了桥梁工程地质勘察的具体方法,并针对实际问题提出了建议。     

高密度电法在公路岩溶勘察中的应用

根据高密度电法原理、资料成果解释并结合工程实例分析说明高密度电法是公路岩溶勘察中快速、高效、经济的勘察手段,采用该法获得的成果资料定性解释简单、直观、明了,在结合地质调查、钻探资料及其它物探手段的基础上,可作出半定量一定量解释.     

综合地质勘察方法在受推覆构造影响隧道工程中的应用及研究

在收集石林隧道工程勘察、设计和施工相关资料的基础上,分析研究了推覆构造对该隧道工程的灾害形成机制,阐明了以工程地质测绘、物探、钻探、孔内测试和取样试验等手段为主的综合勘察方法对查明该类型隧道的地质条件的重要性,为将来类似隧道工程勘察设计及建设提供参考依据。     

兰渝线西秦岭特长隧道综合地质勘察

文章结合兰州—重庆铁路线西秦岭特长隧道地质勘察的工程实践,阐述了目前长大深埋铁路越岭隧道施工中采用的主要地质勘察方法,以及室内遥感地质判样、工程地质调绘、工程地质物探、工程地质钻探等综合地质勘察技术的应用效果,并指出了勘察过程中存在的问题和解决办法.     

隆林百色高速公路委见隧道勘察设计体会

文章以广西隆百高速公路K18＋960～K20＋695委见隧道的勘察设计为例,介绍了在山区地质环境条件下隧道的勘察设计思路及手段,分析了勘察设计中隧道涌水量和围岩级别的计算方法,为类似工程的勘察设计提供参考。     

勘察设计类档案管理的探讨

本文通过明确勘察设计文件档案管理的对象及特点,探讨了其管理的方法及程序,并针对目前勘察设计文件档案管理工作中出现的问题提出了相应的对策,为进一步完善我国勘察设计文件档案管理提供了有益的参考。     

大功率电测深法及微动探测法在福建某隧道勘察中的应用

对隧道进行地球物理勘察是线路选线不可或缺的勘察手段,为提高物探隧道解译精度,排除假异常,采用2种物探方法对地形复杂、隧道上方多组高压线等复杂问题进行综合隧道勘察。结果表明,大功率电测深方法横向分辨率高,但在山顶正下方会出现“假异常”,且工作效率低,而直线型台阵装置微动探测法,能够较好地克服山顶地形及高压线影响,工作效率高,但会适当降低横向分辨率。通过2种物探方法相结合、互相补充,可提高物探资料解译的准确度。     

油气长输管道节能技术研究

为了解国内外节能技术应用的现状,更好地采用节能技术以不断降低管道能耗,对比了近年来国内外油气长输管道在输送工艺、运行设备及新能源3个方面的各种节能技术。结果表明：油品输送减阻剂技术、含蜡原油降凝剂技术、天然气管道减阻剂技术、输油泵变频调速技术、超声波防/除垢技术以及太阳能阀室供电等技术在油气长输管道上的应用有着明显的节能效果。因此,开发并利用新的节能技术,特别是新能源技术,将是油气长输管道节能降耗发展的方向。     

Evaluation of alternative battery technologies for a solar assist plug-in hybrid electric tractor

This paper looks at the various battery technologies available for use in solar assist plug-in hybrid electric tractors In this context, solar assist plug-in hybrid electric tractors are those that may be used in light-duty agricultural operations. To determine the most suitable battery, four common technologies are analyzed looking at the environmental life-cycle effects and costs.     

Are we ready to embrace connected and self-driving vehicles? A case study of Texans

While connected, highly automated, and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) will eventually hit the roads, their success and market penetration rates depend largely on public opinions regarding benefits, concerns, and adoption of these technologies. Additionally, the introduction of these technologies is accompanied by uncertainties in their effects on the carsharing market and land use patterns, and raises the need for tolling policies to appease the travel demand induced due to the increased convenience. To these ends, this study surveyed 1088 respondents across Texas to understand their opinions about smart vehicle technologies and related decisions. The key summary statistics indicate that Texans are willing to pay (WTP) $2910, $4607, $7589, and $127 for Level 2, Level 3, and Level 4 automation and connectivity, respectively, on average. Moreover, affordability and equipment failure are Texans’ top two concerns regarding AVs. This study also estimates interval regression and ordered probit models to understand the multivariate correlation between explanatory variables, such as demographics, built-environment attributes, travel patterns, and crash histories, and response variables, including willingness to pay for CAV technologies, adoption rates of shared AVs at different pricing points, home location shift decisions, adoption timing of automation technologies, and opinions about various tolling policies. The practically significant relationships indicate that more experienced licensed drivers and older people associate lower WTP values with all new vehicle technologies. Such parameter estimates help not only in forecasting long-term adoption of CAV technologies, but also help transportation planners in understanding the characteristics of regions with high or low future-year CAV adoption levels, and subsequently, develop smart strategies in respective regions.     

Technology engagement and privacy: A cluster analysis of reported social network use among transport survey respondents

New technologies are constantly being researched and developed to improve the sense of security of transport users. However, security technologies could also pose their own risks with regard to transport users’ privacy through the potential for data collection and storage. Transport, in particular, allows the data collector potential access to information on the users’ habits through the location information that could be collected during an individual’s interaction with technology during their travels. Some technologies, such as personal security apps (which essentially turn a smartphone into a type of panic alarm) also allow for the linking of the security technology and social networking apps. Given this link and the extent to which personal data, including location data, can be included in an individual’s social networking account, it was decided to investigate if the use of social networks could be related to individuals’ opinions on the use of their data through new technologies, such as personal security apps. This paper presents an exploration of the possibility of grouping respondents to a transport survey (N = 469) based on their answers to questions on their social networking (SNS) use. It was hypothesised that if distinct groups exist within the SNS data, then they could be used as a supplementary personal variable for underlying privacy concerns and levels of engagement with technology in future transport studies. This would be in addition to the socio-demographic information collected in the survey. This paper presents the initial dimension reduction of the response variables to create composite variables. That is followed by the exploratory clustering of responses using two-step cluster analysis. Finally, the paper discusses the hypothesis testing of the resultant clusters against the socio-demographic responses to ascertain if additional information is provided by the clustering results. The transport survey responses were collected in Ireland, and a subset of responses, from the Greater Dublin Area, were used for the analysis in this paper. The results demonstrate that there is scope for this type of method to be used when researching new security technologies in transport.     

Selection of urban transportation systems

An information system is presented which identifies the transportation technologies suited to any one transportation need situation lying in a broad range of such situations. The system is concerned with people movement rather than goods movement. The user of the system specifies the nature and extent of demand, as well as certain service requirements. A transportation technology is identified as suited to a particular need situation when the technology meets the demand and the service requirements, and does so at reasonable cost. The technologies identified by the system as suited to a need situation must be examined to select the one best alternative. This final selection process is not part of the system. This system consists of two tables. Their use is described and examples are given. The procedure used to develop the tables is discussed. The system identifies new transportation technologies (PRT, AGT, etc.) as well as old.     

Autonomous technologies in short sea shipping: trends,feasibility and implications

ABSTRACT

The maritime industry has been continuously transforming the nature of its business and striving to embrace technology in many aspects. In this context, autonomous technologies have been receiving momentum with a potential to revolutionise the landscape of shipping industry. After conducting a comprehensive literature review on the issues facing by the short sea shipping (SSS) industry, a model is developed to explore the potential savings of removing crew and use of autonomous technologies through a Continuously Unmanned Ship (CUS) that is operated by a Shore Control Centre (SCC). The analysis shows that autonomous technologies are viable to the challenges that the shipping industry is facing in terms of crew costs and skill shortage. To validate this statement, a case study is selected and various scenarios were tested based on relevant operational and financial considerations, including crew arrangement, cargo utilisation levels and shore wage coefficients. The results suggest that the savings occur in demand-uncertain markets and where a network of vessels are operated via a control centre. While autonomous technology use in shipping holds promise, there remain several limitations that this research addresses in terms of implementation, commercial attractiveness, risk profile, legislative, workforce planning and port operations.     

Investigating the market for inter-modal freight technologies

Freight carried by rail has traditionally been mainly low value bulk commodities. The market for transport of such commodities appears at best static and is forming a smaller proportion of the total demand for freight transport. There is thus an urgent need for rail operators to develop practical and cost effective inter-modal systems, which offer high quality services to consignors of consumer goods whose premises are not usually connected to the rail network. Much long-haul traffic of this type is international. In continental Europe, a number of inter-modal technologies—including swapbodies and piggyback—have long been in use. Development of similar technologies for use within the more constrained loading gauge of Great Britain, has received a great boost from the impending opening of the Channel Tunnel. The alternative technologies are discussed, before turning to ways of stimating the market for them. A large part of the paper is devoted to reporting on a computerised survey using our LASP (Leeds Adaptive Stated Preference) technique. The reason for using hypothetical Stated Preference data is the inadequate nature and extent of data on actual choice decisions, particularly in circumstances in which confidential freight rates are individually negotiated and little general merchandise goes by rail. By bringing together the results of this survey with information on costs and quality of service, the likely future market for inter-modal freight technologies is assessed. It is seen that the potential for inter-modal services within Britain is very limited, although there should be a good opportunity on the major corridor from London to Scotland through the West Midlands and the North West. When the Channel Tunnel is opened, however, the potential for services between Britain and continental Europe will be enormous, provided that an adequate quality of service can be offered.     

Public perceptions of the use of dynamic message signs

Intelligent transportation systems have been promoted as a means to improve both the efficiency and safety of the road network. The effectiveness of advanced technologies in improving road safety has been an area of research which has thus far yielded mixed results. In order to ensure that advanced technologies deliver on their intended outcomes, more research has to be devoted to understanding road users' perceptions and reactions to these systems. This study examines drivers' perceptions of the use of dynamic message signs and their self‐reported reactions to the messages displayed. In general, drivers support the use of highway electronic boards for traffic incident reports and weather information which have an impact on traffic delays and level of service. They also think that it is a good idea to display road safety messages and to remind drivers to drive safely and be courteous on the roads. Moreover, most drivers reported that they do read and think about the messages displayed and react positively to some of the road safety messages.     

Traffic congestion pricing methodologies and technologies

This paper reviews the methods and technologies for congestion pricing of roads. Congestion tolls can be implemented at scales ranging from individual lanes on single links to national road networks. Tolls can be differentiated by time of day, road type and vehicle characteristics, and even set in real time according to current traffic conditions. Conventional toll booths have largely given way to electronic toll collection technologies. The main technology categories are roadside-only systems employing digital photography, tag & beacon systems that use short-range microwave technology, and in-vehicle-only systems based on either satellite or cellular network communications. The best technology choice depends on the application. The rate at which congestion pricing is implemented, and its ultimate scope, will depend on what technology is used and on what other functions and services it can perform.     

Fuel economy improvements for urban driving: Hybrid vs. intelligent vehicles

The quest for more fuel-efficient vehicles is being driven by the increasing price of oil. Hybrid electric powertrains have established a presence in the marketplace primarily based on the promise of fuel savings through the use of an electric motor in place of the internal combustion engine during different stages of driving. However, these fuel savings associated with hybrid vehicle operation come at the tradeoff of a significantly increased initial vehicle cost due to the increased complexity of the powertrain. On the other hand, telematics-enabled vehicles may use a relatively cheap sensor network to develop information about the traffic environment in which they are operating, and subsequently adjust their drive cycle to improve fuel economy based on this information – thereby representing ‘intelligent’ use of existing powertrain technology to reduce fuel consumption. In this paper, hybrid and intelligent technologies using different amounts of traffic flow information are compared in terms of fuel economy over common urban drive cycles. In order to develop a fair comparison between the technologies, an optimal (for urban driving) hybrid vehicle that matches the performance characteristics of the baseline intelligent vehicle is used. The fuel economy of the optimal hybrid is found to have an average of 20% improvement relative to the baseline vehicle across three different urban drive cycles. Feedforward information about traffic flow supplied by telematics capability is then used to develop alternative driving cycles firstly under the assumption there are no constraints on the intelligent vehicle’s path, and then taking into account in the presence of ‘un-intelligent’ vehicles on the road. It is observed that with telematic capability, the fuel economy improvements equal that achievable with a hybrid configuration with as little as 7 s traffic look-ahead capability, and can be as great as 33% improvement relative to the un-intelligent baseline drivetrain. As a final investigation, the two technologies are combined and the potential for using feedforward information from a sensor network with a hybrid drivetrain is discussed.