基于VOF法的半球-圆柱体液舱晃荡数值模拟

利用三维建模软件建立了纵荡激励下半球-圆柱体液舱内粘性液体晃荡的数值模型,利用计算流体动力学软件对不同工况下的液体晃荡进行了数值模拟,得到了液体对各监测点的作用力和液舱模型的一阶固有振动周期,分析了不同装载率、不同激励幅值、不同激励频率对液舱内液体晃荡的影响。     

液舱内三维液体非线性晃荡的数值模拟

晃荡是一种非常复杂的非线性液体流动现象,载液船舶的晃荡问题颇受关注,因为在外界的激励下液舱内会产生剧烈的晃荡现象,巨大的晃荡冲击力会造成结构的破坏.文中建立了三维晃荡数学模型及数值计算模型,借助处理自由表面的VOF(volume of fluid)方法对液舱内液体晃荡的自由表面进行追踪,编制程序实现了液舱内三维液体非线性晃荡的数值模拟,并就三维刚性液舱内粘性液体的自由晃荡和强迫晃荡做了分析,讨论了液体不同粘性系数对晃荡的影响.模拟结果证明了三维晃荡理论的可行性.     

液体晃荡荷载与液舱运动相位关系的数值研究

该文从相位角度出发,采用CFD的数值方法研究简谐激励下液体晃荡整体荷载与液舱运动的相位关系。首先,通过模型实验验证数值方法的可靠性,然后,以横荡激励下的二维矩形舱晃荡为例,研究不同载液率工况下,相位差和晃荡整体荷载幅值随激励频率的变化关系。结果表明:基于VOF法的数值模拟能较好地模拟液舱内液体晃荡;在自由面共振频率附近(0.8 f0~1.2 f0),相位差随激励频率增加而增大;频率比相同时,相位差随载液率的升高而增大;相位差90°时,相位差对应频率低于共振频率,且与晃荡荷载最大值对应频率基本相等。     

各种激励作用下液舱内液体晃荡的计算与分析

在建立描述流体运动的基本方程及其边界条件的基础上,基于VOF法得到液体晃荡运动的数值计算模型,讨论各种激励作用下刚性液舱内的液体晃荡,并计算分析作用于液舱的晃荡载荷.     

基于MSC.Dytran的液舱晃荡分析

液货船发展的关键技术之一是解决液舱内流体的晃荡问题。MSC.Dytran有限元程序能较好的模拟贮液容器的液面晃荡问题。以载液船舶液舱为研究对象,利用MSC.Dytran程序对矩形液舱在一确定装载水平下的液面晃动进行仿真分析,得到了不同时刻舱内液体的液面形状。     

三维弹性液舱晃荡数值模拟

文章建立了弹性液舱晃荡的数值计算方法。结构域采用有限元法进行离散,流体域的控制方程则采用有限体积法进行数值离散,结构域和流体域之间通过ALE法实现耦合。文中以31.6万吨VLCC实船的液舱简化模型为研究对象,基于MSC.Dytran对液舱内的晃荡载荷以及与弹性液舱的耦合作用进行了计算。首先将舱壁刚化,晃荡载荷与其它CFD计算结果进行比对,验证了计算方法的可行性及正确性。然后在此方法的基础上,模拟了三维弹性液舱内液体的晃荡,以研究外界激励、装载率等参数变化对晃荡载荷与响应的影响,揭示了弹性液舱内液体的晃荡特性。     

矩形液舱晃荡冲击载荷的试验机理研究

在不同外激振幅和频率下,采用大尺度模型试验方法对矩形液舱内液体晃荡产生的冲击压力进行了研究,主要包括在不同载液率下,液舱内的短期晃荡冲击载荷特性、冲击载荷的统计特性、时空分布规律及外激振幅和频率与晃荡冲击载荷的关系。试验结果表明,低载液率时自由液面附近冲击载荷大,高载液率时顶部冲击载荷大,30%时自由液面冲击载荷最大,低载液率时自由液面最大冲击力约为静水压力的3.5～4.5倍,外激频率越接近自由液面固有频率,冲击荷载的梯度受振幅的影响越大。文中研究可为计算晃荡载荷提供参考,并对液舱设计具有一定指导意义。     

基于OpenFOAM的船舶与液舱流体晃荡在波浪中时域耦合运动的数值模拟

波浪中载液船舶运动激励舱内液体的晃荡,舱内液体晃荡产生的冲击力同时作用在舱壁上,进而影响船舶的运动姿态。波浪中船体水动力和时延函数是在势流理论范畴下采用切片法和脉冲响应函数方法计算获得的,液舱内液体非线性晃荡是基于粘性流理论实时计算模拟,两者耦合建立了波浪中载液船舶与液舱流体晃荡耦合的运动方程。论文基于开源CFD开发平台OpenFOAM,自主开发实现了船体运动与液舱晃荡的耦合计算程序,并进行了相应的数值模拟计算和验证工作。该方法完整地考虑了波浪、船体和液舱晃荡之间的耦合作用,并结合船体内外流场特点分别采用了势流和粘性流理论,具有较高的计算效率。通过数值模拟计算和模型实验研究表明,数值模拟计算能够清晰显现出液舱晃荡对船体全局运动影响,船体运动计算结果与模型实验结果吻合良好。     

基于Level-set法的液舱液体晃荡数值模拟

船舶液舱中液体晃荡现象已引起人们的深刻关注,液体晃荡载荷与效应成为航行中载液船舶安全性评估的重要内容之一.该文基于Level-set法,对一矩形液舱的两种工况下舱内的液体晃荡进行了数值模拟.通过计算,得到了液面起伏和压强的时间历经,结果显示Level-set方法可有效地模拟液体晃荡问题.     

二维矩形弹性液舱内液体晃荡数值模拟研究

阐述ADINA数学模型及相关数值方法,以二维矩形刚性液舱模型为例模拟液体晃荡,将所得的结果与解析解进行比较,验证该模型的有效性;通过数值模拟,研究二维矩形弹性液舱内的液体晃荡,分析不同刚度、不同频率对液体晃荡自由液面波高运动的影响。     

Comparative assessment of liquid sloshing in dry and wet storage tank of floating offshore platform

In order to explore the characteristics of the single-layer liquid sloshing in offshore dry oil storage tank and the two-layer liquid sloshing in offshore wet oil storage tank, two series of experiments were carried out: one was free surface sloshing in a closed rectangular tank partially filled with colored water, and the other was interfacial sloshing in the identical tank but completely filled with white oil and colored water. The tank was mounted on a shake table and was subjected to harmonic horizontal excitation with different excitation amplitudes and a wide range of excitation frequencies, including the first seven natural modes of single-layer or two-layer liquid system. The present study find that the frequency responses of interfacial sloshing wave are analogous to those of the free surface sloshing wave, but smaller in amplitudes. The experiments also produce results that are unique to the two-layer liquid sloshing. For example, when the external excitation frequency is equal to or close to the odd mode natural frequency of two-layer liquid system, a complicated three-dimensional (3D) gravity-capillary wave might be generated at the oil-water interface. Finally, the comparisons of free surface and interfacial sloshing in the viscous damping ratio, higher sloshing modes, impact pressure amplitude and mass center displacement were conducted, which revealed the superiority of wet storage technology in structural safety and dynamic stability.     

多种激励耦合作用下的二维液舱晃荡(英文)

In this research,liquid sloshing behavior in a 2-D rectangular tank was simulated using ANSYS-FLUENT software subject to single or multiple-coupled external excitations(such as sway coupled with roll,and sway and roll coupled with heave).The volume of fluid(VOF) method was used to track the free surface of sloshing.External excitation was imposed through the motion of the tank by using the dynamic mesh technique.The study shows that if the tank is subjected to multiple coupled excitations and resonant excitation frequencies,liquid sloshing will become violent and sloshing loads,including impact on the top wall,will be intensified.     

两种运动平台下晃荡冲击荷载的实验研究

由液体晃荡引起的冲击荷载主要与外部激励(激励频率和激励幅值)和装载率相关。大尺度物理模型实验通过运动平台在室内复现液舱的运动,进而实现在室内对储液舱内晃荡载荷的研究。因此,平台的运动能力、运动的精确性对液体冲击载荷的实验结果非常关键。为了研究不同类型运动平台的运动性能及其对储液舱内冲击载荷的影响,文中以大比尺二维矩形舱为模型,分别在单自由度运动平台和六自由度运动平台开展系统的液体晃荡冲击实验。实验结果表明:仅考虑水平运动,单自由度平台的精度要高于六自由度平台;在个别工况下,两个平台下冲击荷载时程和特征值的对比结果出现了一定差别,但是晃荡冲击荷载的整体趋势基本一致。通过评价单自由度和六自由度两种类型的运动平台在液体晃荡研究领域应用的适用性,为大尺度室内晃荡模型实验中运动平台的选择提供参考     

基于ALE有限元法二维液体晃荡的数值模拟

随着各类液货船的不断增加,晃荡现象在船舶与海洋工程领域引起了广泛的关注.文章从不可压粘性流体的N-S方程组出发,运用任意拉格朗日(ALE)有限元法对水平激励下的二维液体晃荡现象进行了数值模拟.首先通过计算值与解析解的比较,验证了数值方法的有效性,进而分析了激励振幅、激励频率对晃荡现象的影响,最后计算了作用于壁面上的力和力矩.     

粘性流体晃荡与弹性结构的相互耦合作用

提出了处理粘性流体晃荡与弹性结构相互耦合作用的理论及相应数值计算方法.流体运动采用N-S方程描述,控制方程采用有限差分法离散,并由超松弛迭代法求解.液体自由表面通过流体体积法进行重构.为了考虑液舱结构变形对液体晃荡的影响,应用了FAVOR技术.由此建立了描述液体晃荡与结构相互耦合作用的水弹性理论,并由相应的计算方法进行了系列运算,以考察二维液舱不同结构刚度对液体晃荡的影响.计算结果有助于进一步理解此类问题的物理现象.     

Liquid sloshing in a swaying/rolling rectangular tank with a flexible porous elastic baffle

The flexible porous elastic baffle was proposed as an anti-slosh device to reduce the liquid sloshing in a swaying/rolling rectangular tank. The analytical model was developed to assess the effectiveness of the porous elastic baffle on liquid sloshing. A one-dimensional beam model, along with Darcy's model, was taken to implement the characteristics of porous elastic baffle. The matched eigenfunction expansion method (MEEM) with the Green function for the liquid sloshing interaction with the porous elastic baffle was employed. Numerical results were presented that illustrate the effects of the baffle's geometry (porosity, height), and structural parameters (flexural rigidity, stiffness of mooring line) on the liquid sloshing. Through parametric studies, the flexural rigidity, porosity, and mooring line's stiffness have to be adjusted properly to enhance the sloshing-reduction effect. The flexible porous elastic baffle showed the potential as a useful anti-slosh device within a limited application range compared with a rigid baffle.     

计及弹性支撑效应的独立液舱晃荡数值分析研究

文章针对弹性支撑结构作用下的液舱晃荡问题,采用基于Hilber-Hughes-Taylor(HHT)格式的隐式直接积分法求解液舱运动,应用VOF法求解流体晃荡,并结合部分单元参数的概念处理棱形液舱边界,建立了液舱运动与流体晃荡双向耦合迭代算法。以独立液舱为研究对象,通过耦合求解弹性支撑液舱晃荡,并与非弹性支撑液舱晃荡进行比较,分析了在不同刚度的弹性支撑结构作用下液舱液体运动及晃荡载荷的变化规律。该文建立的分析方法为含弹性支撑的独立液舱晃荡载荷预报提供了一种快速、有效的分析手段。     

Effects of excitation angle and coupled heave–surge–sway motion on fluid sloshing in a three-dimensional tank

Sloshing waves in moving tanks is an important engineering problem, and most studies of this phenomenon have focused on tanks that are excited by forcing motion in a limited number of directions and with fixed excitation frequencies throughout the forcing. In practice, the excitation comprises multiple degree of freedom motion that potentially couples surge, sway, heave, pitch, roll, and yaw motions. In the present study, a time-independent finite difference method is used to simulate fluid sloshing in three-dimensional tanks filled to an arbitrary depth for various excitation frequencies and multiple degree of freedom motion. The numerical scheme developed here was verified by rigorous benchmark tests. The coupled motions of surge and sway are simulated for various excitation angles, frequencies and water depths. Five kinds of sloshing waves found under coupled surge–sway motions: diagonal, single-directional, square-like, swirling, and irregular waves. The effect of excitation angle on the frequency responses of different sloshing waves is analyzed and discussed in the present study. Further, the components of horizontal force of various sloshing waves are also presented. The coupled effect of surge, sway and heave motions is also discussed, and the results show that unstable sloshing occurs when the excitation frequency of the heave motion is twice the fundamental natural frequency. Moreover, the effects of heave motion on the different types of sloshing waves are explored. It is found that heave motion causes all of the sloshing waves to change type.