复合材料圆柱壳的稳定性及其优化设计

本文利用一阶剪切理论和Reddy高阶剪切理论计算了考虑横向剪切变形影响的复合材料层合圆柱壳的线性失稳载荷和几何非线性失稳载荷。分析了壳体的几何参数、铺层数、铺层角、半径厚度比值对失稳临界荷值的影响。在铺层的优化设计中利用随机试验法与可变容差法相结合,探讨了寻求临界荷值最大的铺层角最优化问题,并利用约束非线性混合离散变量优化程度对铺层角为离散值的问题进行了优化。碳纤维环氧树脂圆柱壳模型试验表明本文计算结果是可靠的。     

耐压圆柱壳体的临界失稳压力预测

临界失稳压力是耐压圆柱壳体结构设计和工程应用的关键参数,本文整合了前人的假设条件,通过微元法推导了圆柱壳失稳的应变—位移几何关系,继而应用静力学法求得了圆柱壳的最小失稳波数及对应的临界失稳压力.建立了同时考虑初始几何缺陷和材料非线性的圆柱壳体屈曲分析数值模型,得到的圆柱壳最小失稳波数与理论计算结果相同,临界失稳压力的数值结果与理论结果基本吻合,两者偏差随圆柱壳长径比的增大而减小.案例分析结果显示,与前人理论模型相比,本文理论模型给出的临界失稳压力更加贴近试验结果,但在圆柱壳长径比为1的情况下,理论计算结果与试验结果有一定的偏差,还有待进一步研究.     

基于波传播法的水下圆柱壳临界载荷-频率特性分析

基于振动的水下圆柱壳临界载荷的预报具有结构无损的优势。针对基于振动的数值仿真及振动试验预测方法存在的不足之处,提出了基于波传播法的水下圆柱壳失稳载荷的理论求解方法。建立了计及静水压力影响的水下圆柱壳固-液耦合振动方程,基于波传播方法获得耦合系统的频率方程。运用Muller三点迭代法求出水下圆柱壳的固有频率,通过线性拟合的方法求出水下圆柱壳临界载荷的弹性理论解,修正后可得到便于工程应用的临界载荷。结果对比表明了该方法的准确性,且具有方法简便、计算量小和易于参数优化的优点。     

加肋轴对称旋转壳非线性稳定性分析

应用Total Lagrange描述、弹塑性本构关系及非线性壳体理论,建立加肋轴对称旋转壳的非线性稳定性分析的控制方程.将所求得的控制方程应用于截锥壳单元,推导出截锥壳单元的非线性稳定性分析的有限元列式,用截锥壳单元离散和逼近加肋轴对称旋转壳,构成有限元分析模型,从而建立了分析加肋轴对称旋转壳稳定性分析的有限元模型.应用所获得的有限元列式,由平衡路径追踪,求出结构的弹性极值点载荷和弹塑性极值点载荷,将所求得的极值点载荷适当地划分成多个载荷步,求出相应的位移增量,在每一个增量步作特征值分析,由特征值分析求出非线性失稳临界载荷.文中分别将本方法与材料的弹性本构关系和弹塑性本构关系相结合,采用Crisfield圆弧加载法对某精车模型进行平衡路径追踪,得出了该模型的弹性极值点载荷、弹塑性极值点载荷和弹塑性失稳临界载荷.所求得的弹塑性极值点载荷和弹塑性失稳临界载荷与模型实验测试值均吻合较好,其中弹塑性失稳临界载荷值与实验值更为接近.从而证明:本文方法可直接求出加肋轴对称旋转壳的弹塑性失稳临界载荷,而勿须使用Cg、Cs系数进行修正.     

轴压复合材料柱形壳屈曲特性

以单立柱固定式海洋平台的柱形壳桩腿为研究对象,得到复合材料柱形壳较为合理的结构尺寸、铺层方式,提高其轴向承载能力.首先,通过碳纤维增强复合材料(carbon fiber reinforced plastics,CFRP)材料单轴拉伸试验得到复合材料柱形壳试验样本的材料属性,用于柱形壳的计算与分析.其次,基于复合材料薄壳理论,得到轴压复合材料柱形壳屈曲临界载荷解析解,对比线弹性屈曲有限元分析,验证了理想柱形壳有限元模型建立的正确性.再次,由复合材料柱形壳缺陷测量试验得到其初始几何缺陷,由轴向压缩试验得到其轴压屈曲特性,对比非线性屈曲有限元分析,验证了缺陷柱形壳有限元模型建立的正确性.最后,结合线弹性屈曲分析结果,引入模态缺陷,从线弹性和非线性屈曲分析两个方面,研究铺层角、铺层数、各层纤维厚度、几何尺寸对复合材料柱形壳轴向承载能力的综合影响规律,得到各模型的屈曲特性与缺陷敏感性.从生产制造与工程实际出发,建立一种系统的CFRP型复合材料柱形壳设计计算流程、失稳分析方法,对于复合材料柱形壳的设计、校核、优化具有指导性作用.     

几何参数对环肋圆柱壳肋骨侧向稳定性的影响

环肋圆柱壳一般通过在周向布置肋骨来提高其稳定性,肋骨的侧向稳定性对环肋圆柱壳整体稳定性具有重要意义。根据肋骨的侧向失稳机理,利用肋骨侧向稳定性解析解公式,在理论分析和实例计算的基础上,分析了环肋圆柱壳肋骨的几何参数与肋骨侧向失稳临界压力的关系,研究了各参数对肋骨侧向失稳临界压力的贡献值,最后得到了几何参数对肋骨侧向稳定性的影响规律。     

特征载荷下海工管状结构屈曲临界载荷分析

圆柱形管状结构在海洋工程领域中应用较多，在进行结构设计时，需重点关注其侧向受载时的屈曲强度问题。通过理论分析和数值模拟，对比研究径向线性载荷变化下圆柱壳的屈曲行为，以经典的Donnell壳体理论为基础，得到圆柱壳的屈曲控制方程，并通过本征值分析方法得到结构屈曲的临界条件。采用有限元软件ABAQUS对线性变化径压下圆柱壳的屈曲进行数值仿真。分析得出径厚比是径向线性分布载荷下圆柱壳屈曲临界载荷的主要影响因素，三角形径压下屈曲临界载荷值约为均布径压下屈曲临界载荷值的2倍。     

复合材料剪切圆柱壳在轴压下的屈曲与后屈曲

给出了非对称正交铺层剪切圆柱壳广义Donnell型大挠度方程,并运用位移型摄动技术构造出该圆柱壳在轴压作用下的后屈曲渐近级数解.为保证边值问题摄动解的一致性,本文研究了边界效应对中短圆柱壳的影响,亦即运用奇异摄动技术详细分析了该圆柱壳端部边界层方程和奇异摄动解.并讨论了横向剪切变形、Batdorf数、弹性模量比和初始几何缺陷对圆柱壳屈曲与后屈曲性态的影响.比较显示,横向剪切变形对圆柱壳的屈曲与后屈曲有重要影响.     

锥—环—柱结合的应力和稳定性

本文用解析法计算了受中面均布法向载荷作用的锥－环－柱结合壳中的应力值，并根据Ｔｒｅｆｆｔｚ准则计算了其失稳临界压力，计算结果说明，在总体几何尺寸与壳厚相同的情况下，锥－环－柱结合壳与锥一柱结合壳相比，过渡区的局部应力值显著减小，失稳临界压提高。     

轴压柱形壳非线性屈曲试验与理论研究

本文研究了轴压不锈钢柱形壳的非线性屈曲行为.通过轴向压缩试验,获得柱壳的载荷位移曲线、失稳载荷、最终失稳模式;在此基础上,采用弧长法对试验壳体进行非线性屈曲计算,分析平衡曲线、临界载荷、临界屈曲和后屈曲模式等非线性屈曲行为,并与试验结果作对比研究.结果表明:在柱形壳受轴压而发生弹塑性屈曲时,端部长度缺陷会在轴压初期降低柱形壳的承载力从而影响临界屈曲载荷,且高度越小时,柱形壳越容易在两端发生形变.但是总体来看,发生塑性屈曲时,端部长度缺陷对临界载荷影响很小.     

Modelling upheaval buckling in marine buried pipelines by coupling the shear stresses and soft soil stiffness

Buried marine pipelines employed in the Oil & Gas industry are subjected to pressure and temperature gradients, which cand produce local high compression loads leading to the onset of upheaval buckling failure. Upheaval buckling occurs when the localized stresses across the pipeline are high enough to induce constant deformation due to the low soil restriction in the upward direction. Therefore, models to predict upheaval buckling in buried marine pipes caused by high pressure and high temperature (HP/HT) and soil stiffness have been developed based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory (EBT). However, this theory does not consider stresses and strains due to shear stresses which can play an important role in upheaval buckling failure. Therefore, in this work an analytical model that takes into account Engesser-Timoshenko beam theory (TBT) and considers the shear effects on pipelines was developed to predict upheaval buckling in buried marine pipelines. Furthermore, equations that govern vertical buckling of buried pipelines considering a plastic soil with initial imperfection were considered. Analytical results were compared with finite element models of buried pipeline and other models reported in the literature, and it was observed that analytical results fall in the range of those reposted in the literature. It was also observed that the incorporation of shear stresses in buried marine pipelines has low effect on upheaval buckling onset and propagation, but the soil stiffness has a strong influence on upheaval failure in buried marine pipelines.     

Experimental and numerical investigations of the ultimate torsional strength of an ultra large container ship

Structures of ultra large container ships (ULCS) are characterized by large deck openings and low torsional rigidity. It is essential to comprehensively figure out their collapse behaviors under pure torsion with both model experiments and numerical simulations, making an evaluation of their ultimate torsional strength. In this paper, a similar scale model of a 10,000TEU container ship has been designed and manufactured first, in which both geometric similarity and strength similarity are taken into account. Next the collapse behaviors of the test model are detailedly illustrated with both experimentally and numerically obtained results. Then discussions on warping or shear buckling deformations involved in the collapse process of the structure are conducted with extended numerical simulations. Finally, the ultimate torsional strength of the true ship is evaluated according to the similarity theory. Results show that it is the yielding and shear buckling of the side shells that causes the failure of the hull girder under pure torsion. Further nonlinear finite element analysis demonstrates that it may either have warping or shear buckling deformations in the torsional collapse process of the hull girder with a large deck opening, depending on the local rigidity distribution of side shells, which has a significant effect on the ultimate torsional strength of the hull girder.     

含初缺陷损伤圆拱的动力屈曲

由Hamilton原理导出考虑初始缺陷及横向剪切变形时裂纹圆拱的动力屈曲控制方程;应用断裂力学中常用的线弹簧模型将裂纹引入到屈曲控制方程中;基于B-R动力屈曲判断准则,采用数值方法求解了受径向均布阶跃载荷作用时裂纹圆拱的动力屈曲;对比讨论了不同载荷幅值、裂纹长度、初始几何缺陷大小等因素对圆拱动力屈曲性能的影响.     

Recent research on welding distortion prediction in thin plate fabrication by means of elastic FE computation

Elastic FE simulation with inherent deformation and interface element is an ideal and practical computational approach for predicting welding distortion in production of thin plate structures. In this study, recent researches on inherent deformation theory and welding induced buckling investigation of ship panel were sequentially introduced. Taking bead-on-plate welding as research objective (plate with 2.28 mm in thickness), integration approach with inherent strain was proposed to accurately and conveniently evaluate magnitude of inherent deformation. Also, average temperature to clarify the mechanism of influential effect of plate width on magnitude of inherent deformation was presented and examined. With the mechanism investigation of welding induced buckling by elastic FE analysis using inherent deformation, an application for predicting and mitigating the welding induced buckling in fabrication of ship panel with thin plates by employing different welding procedure patterns was carried out. Examined intermittent zigzag welding procedure is effective to reduce the magnitude of in-plane inherent shrinkages and control the possible welding induced buckling.     

An efficient FE computation for predicting welding induced buckling in production of ship panel structure

In a Thermal-Elastic-Plastic (TEP) FE analysis to investigate welding induced buckling of large thin plate welded structure such as ship panel, it will be extremely difficult to converge computation and obtain the results when the material and geometrical non-linear behaviors are both considered. In this study, an efficient FE computation which is an elastic FE analysis based on inherent deformation method, is proposed to predict welding induced buckling with employing large deformation theory, and an application in ship panel production is carried out. The proposed FE computation is implemented with two steps:(1) The typical weld joint (fillet weld) existing in considered ship panel structure is conducted with sequential welding using actual welding condition, and welding angular distortion after completely cooling down is measured. A TEP FE analysis with solid elements model is carried out to predict the welding angular distortion, which is validated by comparing with experimental results. Then, inherent deformations in this examined fillet welded joint are evaluated as a loading for the subsequent elastic FE analysis. Also, the simultaneous welding to assemble this fillet welded joint is numerically considered and its inherent deformations are evaluated.(2) To predict the welding induced buckling in the production of ship panel structure, a shell element model of considered ship panel is then employed for elastic FE analysis, in which inherent deformation evaluated beforehand is applied and large deformation is considered. The computed results obviously show welding induced buckling in the considered ship panel structure after welding. With its instability and difficulty for straightening, welding induced buckling prefers to be avoided whenever it is possible.     

Experimental and numerical study of localized pitting effect on compressive behavior of tubular members

Locally pitted tubular members are usually considered as stub columns to assess the ultimate strength. However, it is not suitable for those with relatively larger slenderness ratios as their failure behavior is more complex and closely related to corrosion features of localized pitting. This paper presents compressive column tests on locally pitted tubular members of a moderate slenderness ratio. Corrosion pits were artificially introduced on local surface of the members, forming corrosion patches with various corrosion features. A numerical modelling method was proposed to reproduce the test specimens. Localized pitting damage was proven to cause substantial declines in the load deformation capacity and ultimate strength, and have a significant effect on the failure mode. The failure of a pitted member is mostly initiated by local buckling after yielding occurs in the corrosion patch, concurrent with pitting closure, and even shear cracking of member wall due to the perforated pits. Moreover, shape change of the corrosion patch most likely results in the failure mode to alter from column buckling to local buckling or interactive buckling. The shape ratio of the corrosion patch is one of the critical factor to influence the ultimate strength of locally pitted members. The proposed modelling method is applicable for extensive stochastic simulations so as to develop an empirical formula and to clarify the probabilistic characteristics of ultimate strength.     

Ultimate strength assessment of stiffened panel under uni-axial compression with non-linear equivalent single layer approach

Steel stiffened panels are widely used in engineering design and construction. However, numerical modeling and analysis effort for a three-dimensional (3D) stiffened panel may be notable, especially for the ultimate limit state of ship structures. Therefore, a homogenization method is outlined that transforms 3D stiffened panel into an Equivalent Single Layer (ESL) concerning the same mechanical behavior. ESL stiffnesses are obtained with a unit cell analyses based on stiffened panel where periodicity is imposed with boundary conditions based on a first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). Stiffnesses were determined from the first derivative of a membrane force and bending moment obtained with numerical simulations. The effect of initial imperfection shape was included in the analysis to account for local and global buckling behavior. ESL with non-linear stiffness was implemented in Abaqus UGENS subroutine, allowing incremental evaluation of stiffness. Ultimate strength prediction of a steel grillage model with ESL finite element analysis was in excellent agreement with detailed 3D FEM analysis. The key in this analysis was consideration of non-linear ESL stiffness as linear analysis was unable to detect the point where ultimate strength capacity of the grillage was reached.     

Numerical prediction and mitigation of out-of-plane welding distortion in ship panel structure by elastic FE analysis

As an application to predict and mitigate the out-of-plane welding distortion by elastic FE analysis based on the inherent deformation theory, a panel structure of a pure car carrier ship is considered. The inherent deformations of different types of welded joints included in this ship panel structure are evaluated beforehand using thermal elastic plastic FE analysis. Applying idealized boundary condition to focus on the local deformation, elastic FE analysis shows that the considered ship panel structure will buckle near the edge and only bending distortion is dominant in the internal region. In order to mitigate out-of-plane welding distortion such as buckling and bending, straightening using line heating is employed. In the internal region, only inherent bending with the same magnitude as welding induced inherent bending is applied on the opposite side of welded joints (fast moving torch). On the other hand, only in-plane inherent strain produced by line heating is introduced to the edge region to correct buckling distortion (slow moving torch). The magnitude of out-of-plane welding distortion in this ship panel structure can be minimized to an accepted level.     

三边简支板格的剪切屈曲分析

采用能量法分析三边简支板在剪切荷载作用下的弹性屈曲性能,推导三边简支板格受剪下的临界屈曲应力计算公式。采用有限元方法进行均匀受剪三边简支板格弹性屈曲的数值验证计算。结果表明:当长细比大于1.5时,临界应力计算公式与有限元计算结果吻合较好。     

均布外压下球形封头屈曲特性研究（英文）

This study aims to experimentally and numerically examine the buckling performances of stainless steel spherical caps under uniform external pressure. Three laboratory-scale caps were fabricated, measured, and tested. The buckling behaviors of these caps were investigated through experiments and three numerical methods, namely, nonlinear Riks algorithm, nonlinear bifurcation, and linear elastic analysis. The buckling of equal-radius caps was numerically analyzed with different methods to identify their applicability under different wall thicknesses. The results obtained from the nonlinear Riks algorithm are in good agreement with the experimental results, which means the nonlinear Riks algorithm can accurately predict the buckling performances of spherical caps, including the magnitude of critical buckling loads and the deformation of post-buckling modes. The nonlinear bifurcation algorithm is only suitable for predicting the buckling loads of ultra-thin or large-span caps, and the linear buckling method is inappropriate for predicting the buckling of metal spherical caps.