舰船复合材料结构物应用工程技术特点及内涵分析

针对舰船平台技术所面临的发展需求与挑战,从总体平台特性、综合隐身以及综合保障技术发展需求的角度,简要分析开展舰船复合材料结构物应用工程的必要性和紧迫性。以西方国家潜艇应用为例,梳理国外舰船复合材料结构物应用发展思路,提出并阐明舰船功能复合材料结构物应用工程的3个“一体化”技术特点,着重探讨总体/结构设计技术的定义、内涵及关键技术组成。最后,针对我国未来在该领域的发展需求,提出应在尽快制定顶层规划的同时,着力加强设计基础研究和规范体系性建设。     

舰船建造费用估算及其对建造质量的影响

介绍了当前世界上应用较多的几种舰船建造费用估算方法，分析了舰船建造费用估算的准确度会对舰船建造质量产生的直接和间接的影响，还提出了费用评估过程中应注意的事项。     

Hybrid Electric Drive for DDG-51 Class Destroyers

The first of the Arleigh Burke class destroyers is nearing its mid-life. This class of ships was designed during the late 1970s through the 1980s to meet the threats that were prevalent at that time. Since entering service in 1991, these ships have shown themselves to be extremely versatile and the class now consists of nearly 60 ships in service. Their combat systems have been continually upgraded and adapted to meet the new threats the United States faces today. However, in order to keep these platforms viable throughout the first half of the 21st century, their operating costs must be reduced. Manpower, maintenance, and fuel are three of the top operating cost drivers. Most surface combatants spend very little of their underway time operating at full speed or even close to that. Over 1/3 of their underway time is spent at 12 knots and under. This is less than half of their maximum speed and only a fraction of the maximum power owing to the cubic speed–power relationship. Although the existing mechanical drive system is reasonably efficient, the main gas turbines are extremely inefficient at these very low power levels. A shaft-mounted auxiliary electric propulsion system (EPS) can take advantage of excess capacity in the ship service generators to reduce the main engine operating hours. Enabling bi-directional power flow from this auxiliary electric drive will provide additional generation capacity for ship service loads at a modest additional cost. It also provides a "cross-connect" capability from one shaft to the other. This paper will explore one prospect for reducing the operating cost of the DDG-51 class of ships by installing an auxiliary EPS that would powered by the ship service electrical plant. This additional system would serve to reduce both underway fuel usage as well as maintenance on the gas turbine main engines by reducing the number of operating hours on each engine. We will examine the technology trade-offs in this ongoing study.     

舰艇作战系统信息模型研究

系统安全机制是舰艇作战系统的重要组成部分,建立舰艇作战系统信息模型是构建舰艇作战系统安全机制的基础。在分析舰艇作战系统体系结构的基础上,对系统的功能组成进行研究,利用UML建模工具,从数据模型和动态模型2个方面完成系统信息模型的描述。舰艇作战系统信息模型的建立,为实现系统安全机制的构建提供了坚实的基础。     

“The Geography of Maritime Transport–Space as a Perspective in Maritime Research and Development”

Emissions from commercial shipping are currently the subject of intense scrutiny. Among the top fuel-consuming categories of ships and hence air polluters are container vessels. The main reason is their high service speed. Lately, speed reduction has become a very popular operational measure to reduce fuel consumption and can obviously be used to curb emissions. This paper examines such an operational scenario. Since time at sea increases with slow steaming, there is a parallel and strong interest to investigate possible ways to decrease time in port. One way to do so is to reduce port service time. Another possible way to minimize disruption and maximize efficiency is the prompt berthing of vessels upon arrival. To that effect, a related berthing policy is investigated as a measure to reduce waiting time. The objective of reducing emissions along the maritime intermodal container chain is investigated vis-à-vis reduction in operational costs and other service attributes. Some illustrative examples are presented.     

确保施工船舶生产安全的措施

随着港口建设步伐不断加快,各类施工船舶生产任务日益繁重,同时,船舶生产事故也时有发生。文章以某疏浚公司为例,从施工企业角度,分析并提出解决船舶安全生产的几项措施。     

军船入级的意义与展望

从回顾民船和军船的发展简史开始,介绍民船入级的意义,传统的军船设计内部标准,现今国际社会军船入级的现状;通过分析军船入级的意义,军船入级过程中须要解决的几个关键问题,提出了我国军船入级的展望及建议。     

INMARSAT—C电传业务在舰艇远航通信中的应用

INMARSAT--C电传业务是保证远航舰艇远距离通信的重要途径。文章结合几次舰艇远航通信的实践，针对INMARSAT—C电传业务启用试验、L（X〉一1N（洋区登记）与LOG—OUT（退出洋区登记）需要注意的问题进行了探讨，在舰艇C站的普通与遇险电传通信过程中．分析了遵守国际通信业务的重要性，为舰艇远航通信节约通信费用、提高告警成功率和通信能力提供了有价值的参考。     

舰船电力推进大功率变频器分析

电力推进技术已经越来越广泛地应用于各类船舶.推进变频器是电力推进系统的关键组成部分.针对军用舰船的特殊要求,从结构、控制策略和制动方法几个方面分析了舰船电力推进系统大功率变频器的特点,并结合国内外的研究趋势,对大功率变频器的未来发展进行了展望.     

应重视军民通用型舰船开发及应用技术研究

从和平时期军用舰船的有效利用和战时舰船的大量消耗，以及如何降低舰船的建造费用、如何减少舰船现代化改装时的难度和费用及民用船只的征用等多方面论述了开展“军民通用型舰船开发及应用技术研究”的重要意义，并针对军民通用型舰船研究提出了建议和看法。     

Round-the-world service: The rise of Evergreen and the fall of U.S. Lines

In the mid-1980s two very large steamship lines, Evergreen Marine Corporation and United States Lines, inargurated round-the-world (RTW) container ship service. The concept of tying together major transoceanic trade routes in a complete global network is feasible provided that the cargo volumes and freight revenues are sustainable. United States Lines employed enormous new container ships in their one-directional RTW service while Evergreen used frequent sailings of somewhat smaller vessels both eastbound and westbound in their RTW service. United States Lines, unfortunately, was unable to obtain sufficiently high load factors or enjoy sufficient economies of scale to survive whereas Evergreen, emphasizing their high quality service, not only survived but have continued their successful operations to this day.     

水面舰船总强度标准应用研究

由于现有国内水面舰船设计规范仅适用于船长160m以下的舰船,有必要提出适用于船长160m以上的水面舰船结构设计标准,本文着重讨论了水面舰船总强度标准,综合分析和比较了现行规范对总强度的相关规定,并在整船三维有限元强度分析的基础上提出了当船长超过160m并接近200m时船体的总强度标准的建议,最后给出了设计目标船的结构设计校核应用实例.     

改善水面舰艇舱室空气品质的技术思考

简要分析了国内水面舰艇舱内主要污染物类型，介绍了国内外空气净化技术的主要优缺点及其在水面舰艇上的应用现状与前景，并提出了改善我国水面舰艇舱室空气品质的相关可行性技术方案。     

舰艇结构局部振动计算模型研究

针对舰艇结构局部振动计算模型进行了系统的分析研究,探讨了确定计算模型的几个关键性问题,同时结合目前甸新一代舰艇才建造实践,具体分析了多种舰艇结构局部振动的计算模型,对振动计算模型的建立具有一定指导意义。     

舰船“两力六性”的深化和量化：—发展具有中国特色的现代化海军

“两力六性”是８０年代海军对舰船特性和研制要求提出了一种有机的概括。作者根据近年来海军舰船设计、建造和使用的实践，为发展具有中国特色的现代化海军进一步论述了“两两力六性”的宣言和内涵及其相互关系。提出了“两力六性”量化、评估和考核的原则及其在舰船设计研制中应用。     

构建船舶与海洋工程数字化性能平台促进科技自主创新

作为对船舶设计基础共性技术研发的一种思考,提出构建“船舶与海洋工程数字化性能平台”的设想。这一性能平台是以信息化、数字化为核心,以虚拟技术、网络协同、远程交互技术为手段,开放式和加盟式一体化的综合集成系统。在这种数字化性能平台上,运用计算流体动力学方法,可以全面地对船舶的安全性能、综合航行性能和海洋工程结构物的流体动力特性进行预报、评估和优化,成为新型舰船、新型海洋平台和海洋结构物研究开发的重要工具和手段,促进船型开发和设计的自主创新。     

Ships' capital costs: The approaches of economists, naval architects and business managers

This paper deals with methods for estimating building costs of ships. It starts by answering the basic questions of who needs cost estimates and why. It goes on to explain the appropriate approaches to cost estimating employed by economists, business managers, naval architects and shipyard cost estimators. It also outlines the many non-design factors (such as business and political environments) that may affect costs or prices. Certain general conclusions are reached including recognition of the need for improved cost estimating procedures, uniform accounting systems and (above all) a willingness to share cost data.     

Challenges to apprehension and prosecution of East African maritime pirates

The coast of East Africa, the Gulf of Aden and nearby waters of the Indian Ocean stand as the most pirate-ridden area of the seas at this time and naval forces from many nations have descended upon the region to ensure the safe passage of commercial vessels; yet piracy for ransom continues. The US, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and now the European Union deploy their navies to disrupt raids, intercept and capture pirates attacking ships passing through the region. However, apprehending pirates is only effective if they can also be brought to a court capable of adjudicating their guilt. Increasingly, the captured suspects are being disarmed and released, lacking a reliable nearby littoral state to prosecute them. In this region, with few viable states either willing or capable of holding piracy trials, apprehending pirates meets only part of the challenge of abating the practise. What is needed is a court system capable of adjudicating these cases; yet a thicket of both law and custom limits the ability of seagoing states to adequately arrest and hand over to reliable prosecution high seas pirates. This article addresses the problems inherent in abating piracy by these means off the coast of East Africa.     

Fleet deployment optimization models. Part 1

The problem of minimum-cost operation of a fleet of ships that has to carry a specific amount of cargo between two ports in a given time period for a specific, fixed contract price is studied. Detailed and realistic operating cost functions are developed. Sensitivity analyses are performed to study the effects of small or large changes in one or more cost components on the total costs. A realistic model for the annual transport capacity as a function of speed is also used, in contrast with the linear relation most often used in the literature. The full load and ballast speeds for those ships of the fleet that we operate are selected to minimize the total fleet operating costs including lay-up costs for unused vessels, using nonlinear optimization algorithms.     

大型舰船坐坞强度衡准与计算方法

墩木的合理布置对保证大型水面舰船在船坞建造和进出坞过程中的安全至关重要,而国内现有舰船规范不适用于船长大于160m的舰船的坐坞强度校核。为此首先分析了现有的坐坞强度计算规范和校核衡准,然后提出了新的适用于大型水面舰船的坐坞强度衡准与基于船体梁有限元模型的计算方法,最后对一船长接近200m的舰船在坐坞状态下的船体结构强度与墩木强度进行了分析,结果表明提出的强度衡准与计算方法是合理的。