Dynamic Analysis of the Biped Ice-skater Robot of Passive Wheel Type

A new passive wheel type of biped ice-skater robot （BISR） subjected to nonholonomic constraints was presented on the basis of ice-skating principle. Its motion principle and construction were discussed. After the model was simplified and the coordinate systems were established, the motion differential equations of the robot were obtained with the generalized Lagrange-Maggi equation when the nonholonomic constraints existed. Actual examples were given and the result was simulated on computer.     

Probabilistic model-based silhouette refinement for gait recognition

An algorithm to refine and clean gait silhouette noises generated by imperfect motion detection techniques is developed,and a relatively complete and high quality silhouette is obtained.The silhouettes are sequentially refined in two levels according to two different probabilistic models.The first level is within-sequence refinement.Each silhouette in a particular sequence is refined by an individual model trained by the gait images from current sequence.The second level is between-sequence refinement.All t...     

Model-based gait representation via spatial point reconstruction

This paper proposed a novel model-based feature representation method to characterize human walking properties for individual recognition by gait. First, a new spatial point reconstruction approach is proposed to recover the coordinates of 3D points from 2D images by the related coordinate conversion factor (CCF). The images are captured by a monocular camera. Second, the human body is represented by a connected three-stick model. Then the parameters of the body model are recovered by the method of projective geometry using the related CCF. Finally, the gait feature composed of those parameters is defined, and it is proved by experiments that those features can partially avoid the influence of viewing angles between the optical axis of the camera and walking direction of the subject. Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60675024)     

�շ峵����ŵĶ�̬���ڶ���ģ���о�

从编组站驼峰解体作业中出现的问题出发,在深入分析重载大轴重货车车场内超速连挂和轻载车辆逆向大风条件下溜放不到位这一矛盾问题的基础上,指出其根本原因是驼峰自动化系统的出口定速模型在车组溜放出口定速中单位基本阻力取值不合理,和没有考虑车组溜放时环境条件变化. 基于此,提出了单位合阻力的概念,根据车组溜放过程中的能量守恒定律,建立了间隔制动出口动态定速模型. 利用模糊逻辑的不确定信息处理能力,兼以神经网络的自学习能力,建立了基于模糊神经网络的目的制动出口定速模型. 最后,通过驼峰仿真实验,验证了模型的有效性,为驼峰车组溜放速度控制提供了理论参考.     

Review on the interlimb neural coupling and its potential usage in walking rehabilitation

Human performs bipedal gait with synchronized arm swing. Apart from the observation that arm movement during gait is the outcome of a mechanical and energetic optimization, the synergetic upper and lower limb movement during gait is a neutrally coordinated motor output, that is, the interlimb movement is neutrally coupled. Patients with injuries to the central nervous system demonstrate the interlimb neural coupling. Researches on central pattern generator and the reflex studies reveal that the interlimb neural coupling is a quadrupedal heritage. Based on the theory of the interlimb neural coupling, both the upper and lower limbs should be practiced synchronously during regular gait training to promote walking rehabilitation for patients with gait disorders. Frther development of a gait robotic system with synchronized arm swing is required to test the clinical application of the neural coupling in gait restoration.     

Central pattern generator based gait control for planar quadruped robots

In this paper, a gait control scheme is presented for planar quadruped robots based on a biologic concept, namely central pattern generator （CPG）. A CPG is modeled as a group of the coupled nonlinear oscillators with an interaction weighting matrix which determines the gait patterns. The CPG model, mapping functions and a proportional-differential （PD） joint controller compose the basic gait generator. By using the duty factor of gait patterns as a tonic signal, the activity of the CPG model can be modulated, and as a result, a smooth transition between different gait patterns is achieved. Moreover, by tuning the parameters of the CPG model and mapping functions, the proposed basic gait generator can realize adaptive workspace trajectories for the robot to suit different terrains. Simulation results illustrate and validate the effectiveness of the proposed gait controllers.     

Gait analysis in primary total knee arthroplasty with and without patellar resurfacing: A randomized control study

It is still controversial whether or not to resurface patella during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). One of the reasons may be insensitive measurement tools. We conducted a randomized controlled study to compare kinematic and kinetic parameters of resurfacing and nonresurfacing patella with the Vicon gait analysis system. The results show that patient post-operative gait of the two groups improved compared to pre-operative gait. Part of gait parameters, knee flexion at heel-strike, double limb support time and maximum adduction angle appeared to be statistically difference in 3 months, but 12 months later, the gait parameters of the two groups had no significant difference. Therefore, it seems that the final function of knee after TKA is not related whether or not to resurface patella.     

3D human motion tracking by using interactive multiple models

Of different model-based methods in vision based human tracking, many state of the art works focus on the stochastic optimization method to search in a very high dimensional space and try to find the optimal solution according to a proper likelihood function. Seldom works perform a framework of interactive multiple models (IMM) to track a human for challenging problems, such as uncertainty of motion styles, imprecise detection of feature points and ambiguity of joint location. This paper presents a two-layer filter framework based on IMM to track human motion. First, a method of model based points location is proposed to detect key feature points automatically and the filter in the first layer is performed to estimate the undetected points. Second, multiple models of motion are learned by the prior motion data with ridge regression and the IMM algorithm is used to estimate the quaternion vectors of joints rotation. Finally, experiments using real images sequences, simulation videos and 3D voxel data demonstrate that this human tracking framework is efficient.     

AN EFFECTIVE HUMAN LEG MODELING METHOD

IntroductionFFD is a widely used technique in the field ofsolid modeling and computer animation.Seder-berg and Parry introduced the conceptof FFD[1] ,and Barr provided the basic deformation methodfor FFD[2 ] .Although there are several versionsof FFD in the related literature[3～ 6 ] ,they havethe same basic idea:1 Constructa lattice space.The space can be of any shape,not restricted toparallel- piped cube[5 ] .2 Embed the object intothe lattice space.In other words,impose a localcoordi…     

传感器智能芯片与阵列光纤对接平台运动顺序优化

从运动平台空间运动可能存在的720种运动顺序配置入手, 针对智能芯片与阵列光纤对接过程各运动单元产生的几何误差进行敏感性分析, 通过区分和归类各运动单元的敏感误差和不敏感误差, 将运动平台运动顺序配置数减少到90;考虑到运动平台各运动单元具有均匀分散、齐整可比的特性, 运用正交试验设计方法将敏感误差和不敏感误差确定为3个水平, 将6个运动单元确定为6个影响因素, 建立了对应的正交试验表, 得出了5条运动顺序配置的试验路径; 借助MATLAB仿真平台对5条运动顺序配置的试验路径进行了仿真试验, 获得了运动平台运动顺序最优配置; 在封装系统多自由度精密运动平台上进行了实测试验, 检验了仿真试验结果。试验结果表明: 传感器智能芯片与阵列光纤对接的运动平台在空间直角坐标系中最优的运动顺序为先沿横轴平动, 再绕横轴转动, 再绕纵轴转动, 最后沿纵轴平动; 该方法可优化光纤扫描雷达传感器智能芯片与阵列光纤对接的运动平台的空间运动顺序, 还可预测和规划其他多自由度运动平台的配准路径。      

两足机器人步态综合研究进展

把两足机器人步态综合方法分为参考轨迹法和自然动力学法两大技术流派.根据参考轨迹获得方法的不同,参考轨迹法又分为步行数据法、中枢模式发生器法和动力学模型法.自然动力学法也可分为被动动力学法和虚拟模型法.在总结两大流派研究进展的基础上,分析了它们各自的优势和不足,指出了今后工作的重点,即参考轨迹法需要提高步行效率和轨迹的生成速度,而自然动力学法需要增加功能.最后分析了强制学习技术在步态综合中应用的适应性和多自由度造成的组合爆炸问题.     

A closed form solution to segment 3D motion using straight-line optical flow

A closed form solution to the problem of segmenting multiple 3D motion models was proposed from straight-line optical flow. It introduced the multibody line optical flow constraint （MLOFC）, a polynomial equation relating motion models and line parameters. The motion models can be obtained analytically as the derivative of the MLOFC at the corresponding line measurement, without knowing the motion model associated with that line. Experiments on real and synthetic sequences were also presented.     

Study on Distributed Motion of Self-Reconfigurable Robot Based on Local Rules

The eigenvector of a module with six adjacent module's state was constructed according to self-reconfigurable robot M-Cubes and the configuration of system was expressed with the eigenvectors of all modules.According to the configuration and motion characteristics of the modules,a 3-dimension motion rule set was provided.The rule sets of each module was run according to eigenvector of the module after the motion direction of system decided and motion rules were selected.At last,the rapid and effective motion and metamorphosis were realized in system.The rule sets are operated on three systems and the distributed motion of system is fully realized.The result of simulation shows that the 3-dimension motion rule sets has perfect applicability and extensibility.The motion steps and communication load of the modules increase with the module number in linear.     

晃荡冲击影响下的潜艇运动实用稳定性分析

液舱内自由液面的晃荡会影响船舶的稳定性。通过引入实用稳定性的概念,研究了在晃荡影响下的潜艇运动实用稳定性。利用计算流体力学软件对潜艇横摇过程中液舱的液面晃荡进行了模拟计算,根据仿真结果,分析了液舱晃荡对潜艇稳定性的影响,建立了液舱晃荡和潜艇横摇运动的耦合作用模型。通过数值仿真,验证了在液舱晃荡影响下的潜艇横摇运动系统的实用稳定性,从而证明了该方法的可行性。     

基于模型的无标识人体运动捕捉研究

无标识人体运动捕捉因其广泛的应用价值和学术价值一直是计算机视觉领域的研究热点.基于模型的无标识人体运动捕捉技术的研究目的,就是从单目或者多目摄像机图像中获得人体的运动姿态和人体模型的三维信息描述.本文从模型的构建、人体姿态估计和跟踪方法等几个方面分析了基于模型的运动捕捉的研究现状,最后阐述了该领域面临的难点问题及发展趋势.     

Cyclostationary Modeling of Surface Electromyography Signal During Gait Cycles and Its Application for Cerebral Palsy Diagnosis

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of permanent movement disorders that appear in early childhood. The electromyography (EMG) signal analysis and the gait analysis are two most commonly used methods in the clinic. In this paper, a cyclostationary model of the EMG signal is proposed. The model can combine the aforementioned two methods. The EMG signal acquired during the gait cycles is assumed to be cyclostationary due to the physiological characteristics of the EMG signal production. Then, the spectral correlation density is used to analyze the cyclic frequency (corresponding to the gait cycles) and spectral frequency (the frequency of EMG signal) in a waterfall representation of the two kinds of frequencies. The experiments show that the asymptomatic (normal) subjects and symptomatic subjects (with CP) can be distinguished from the spectral correlation density in a range of cyclic frequencies.     

关于歌唱发声技术的再思考

基于歌唱发声技术在整个歌唱艺术中的作用与价值,认识到科学的歌唱发声技术是声乐演唱与教学的前提.而对于科学的发声技术是与人体各器官协调运动的技术、是与音乐本体韵律相契合的技术的认识,则从探寻歌唱发声技术与人体自然歌唱器官运动的相互依赖以及与音乐本体的音韵律动关系层面,提出对科学的歌唱发声技术的再思考和新认识.     

碰撞试验中乘员颈部运动及其受力分析

汽车碰撞交通事故发生时,人体各个部位都会受到不同程度的伤害。人们通过事故统计、生物力学分析等途径试图更加深入了解事故发生时人体受伤害的过程,以便对车辆的安全性能做出相应的改进,降低事故发生时人体受到损伤的程度。颈部的伤害是车辆发生碰撞时人体较易发生的伤害之一,通过对碰撞发生时颈部运动分析,从实际人体结构及试验用假人结构等方面着手,结合实车碰撞试验的具体数据,力求更加清晰地了解颈部伤害的过程,为进一步的试验分析提供有益的理论基础。     

公路收费站车辆跟踪及抓拍算法研究与系统实现

为保障公路收费站对车辆抓拍和车流统计的抗干扰能力,以静止单孔摄像机获取的检票口车道视频作为研究对象,提出了一种高效的易于扩展的抓拍判断系统框架.在分析常见运动检测方法优劣的基础上,从实时性和鲁棒性考虑,采用基于运动历史图像的改进的帧差法,以提高运动检测的灵敏度;为缓解服务器的计算压力,提出了一种高效的车辆矩形区域快速定位算法,并在此基础上定义了基于时间和空间变化的规则,以排除摄影机前人和杆臂运动对镜头的遮挡,最终构成了抓拍判断系统框架.此外,就多路车道在不同光照下并行地进行了实时抓拍实验,结果显示,在总时长5.5 h的测试样例中,车辆计数平均准确度达87.8%,证明该框架可显著减弱抬杆、落杆的遮挡以及光照变化的影响,提高抓拍的精度.      

铁路曲线梁桥抗震设计分析

笔者在文中利用时程分析方法对铁路曲线梁桥地震响应进行了分析.在分析过程中考虑了连续曲线梁桥和连续曲线刚构桥两种桥型,地震波采用人造地震波,考虑了一维地震动和多维地震动输入,另外还考虑了地震动输入方向对曲线梁桥地震响应的影响.并对铁路曲线梁桥抗震设计进行了探讨,得到了实际应用价值的一些结论.