广东省邮轮码头布局规划

通过分析影响邮轮旅游发展的主要因素,包括消费群体、旅游资源、邮轮码头建设条件等,结合广东省邮轮码头的发展环境,提出广东省邮轮码头的发展定位和总体发展格局,即形成国际邮轮母港、地区性母港和多点挂靠的分层次格局。     

Cruise traveler satisfaction at a port of call

ABSTRACT

No studies have been conducted on cruise traveler expectations for a port of call in Asia. Current literature on general tourism shows that the research to measure traveler satisfaction is divided into two dominant approaches, the disconfirmation model, based on the Expectancy Disconfirmation Paradigm, and the perceptions-only model. However, previous disconfirmation models used different sample populations to measure traveler expectations and perceptions, resulting in biased results. The main objectives of this research was two-fold: (1) to develop a measurement scale for evaluating the expectations of cruise travelers during their visit to a port of call; and, (2) to examine the satisfaction of cruise travelers using the same sample population of the pre-visit expectations and post-visit experiences. The measurement scale for cruise travelers was developed using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Three factors, “Overall convenience/People,” “Culture/Exploration,” and “Commodities/Attractions,” were extracted from the analysis. Among these factors, the “Culture/Exploration” factor explained the largest part of overall satisfaction. The results also showed that the perception-only model outperformed the disconfirmation model in explaining overall satisfaction. Additionally, overall satisfaction was found to have a greater impact on the intention to recommend the visit to others than on the intention to revisit.     

Interpretation of cruise industry in a two-sided market context: An exploration on Japan

Two-sided markets are characterised by the presence of an intermediary and two groups of end-users. In the cruise market, cruise lines may play the role of intermediaries to connect the two end-users, viz. cruise passengers and cruise ports. Our research explored whether the cruise industry can be regarded as a two-sided market, starting with a theoretical modelling. The findings show that cruise lines might be hybrid intermediaries, selling their own ship-based products and services, while offering also a platform to enable the transaction between cruise passengers and cruise ports. This particular business model of a quasi-two-sided market is also reflected in the pricing scheme of cruise industry, whereby cruise ports charge an entry fee from cruise lines and port dues from cruise passengers. We illustrate an empirical analysis on the basis of the cruise market in Japan, and it provides a preliminary clue that the behaviours of cruise ports and cruise lines are consistent with our theoretical framework. The results are not convincingly significant due to data limitations, hence, the concept of a ‘two-sided market’ in the cruise industry call for further empirical research.     

中国邮轮游客共性需求调查与分析研究

本研究通过问卷调查的方法对中国市场的邮轮游客进行了调研,调研的内容包括游客对邮轮的整体认知及感受,以及对对各活动区域的认知及感受,同时结合实地观察,了解当前中国市场邮轮游客的需求,并对邮轮总布置的国产化设计提出建议。     

广东省邮轮旅游发展前景与客运量预测

在分析广东省邮轮旅游发展现状的基础上,结合区域经济发展水平对广东省邮轮旅游发展前景进行分析,参考邮轮旅游的实际营运情况,按照邮轮航线的不同,将广东省邮轮旅游游客划分为境内邮轮旅客及境外到访邮轮旅客,并根据其不同的特点分航线预测广东省港口邮轮旅客运量发展水平。     

Monetary and non-monetary value creation in cruise port destinations: an empirical assessment

The cruise tourism industry has been the fastest growing segment of the global travel sector over the last decades. Due to its dramatic expansion, this sector has recently attracted an increasing interest from researchers and practitioners.

Despite this attention, however, some literature gaps still persist. Indeed, extant contributions facing the cruise tourism (positive) impact on the local community neglect to investigate the potential overall value disruption caused by cruise traffic diversion towards other destinations.

Therefore, this paper measures the overall value potentially generated for the territory by a cruise company, which is not a shareholder of the facility in a port of call. The monetary and non-monetary value is estimated using empirical data collected from 208 cruise passengers and 64 crewmembers. The results show the total amount of passenger, crew and cruise-line expenditures (i.e., monetary impact), as well as the non-monetary effect triggered by word-of-mouth behaviour. The main ?ndings yield several implications for academics, managers and policymakers.     

Estimation of the shore excursion expenditure function during cruise tourism in Korea

Recently, the number of foreign tourists to Korea via cruise ships has increased dramatically. We attempted to estimate the shore excursion expenditure function during cruise tourism in Korea. To this end, we collected data from a survey of foreign tourists who visited Korea via cruise ships and conducted the ordered probit model with sample selection to correct for the sample selection bias. Statistical tests indicate that the sample selection model provides unbiased estimates of the ordered probit model. The estimation results reveal that the coefficients of the experience of visiting Korea, job status, annual income, and nationality have statistically significant relationships with shopping expenditure. Further, it is likely that Chinese and Japanese passengers spend more money on shopping than passengers from other countries. This study is expected to provide the Korean government and port authorities with useful information for targeting passengers with high shore excursion expenditure. From a management perspective, the results of this analysis will enable cruise operators to design shore excursion programs that meet travelers’ needs.     

A proposed simulation-based operational policy for cruise ships in the port of Kotor

This paper investigates the simulation modelling of cruise ship traffic in the Boka Kotorska Bay (BKB), which has become a very attractive cruise destination due to its geographic location, port features and attractiveness for tourism. The purpose of this paper is to examine the development of new port infrastructure, because of the increased cruise ship arrivals in recent years. The paper describes in detail the layout of the port of Kotor and the possibilities for quay extensions. The solution to minimize the number of ships at anchorage instead of being at berth is given, because the passengers of the latter ships have a more convenient approach towards the port. The simulation model is verified and the simulation results are validated against the real data prior to an investigation of the possible scenario for quay extension. The proposed solution confirms the preliminary survey results that initiated the investigation of possibilities to improve the port infrastructure. Moreover, simulation results point towards a significant improvement of cruise ships throughput in the BKB. The proposed operational policies and statistical analysis, as well as a comprehensive model analysis of the BKB provided here, are a good foundation for future investigations.     

Testing the SERVQUAL scale in the passenger port industry: a confirmatory study

A key question is whether the service quality instruments developed for other services’ industries may be used to gauge service quality perceptions in shipping. Grounded on similar studies that test the most widely used American service quality instrument, SERVQUAL, in the commercial shipping sector, this study examines its applicability in the passenger shipping realm. Based on a survey of 436 passengers in Piraeus port, SERVQUAL's five main dimensions have been checked regarding their fit with the use of Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results support that this is a valid instrument for measuring service quality in passenger shipping besides certain considerations regarding its dimensionality. A more parsimonious two-factor model seems more applicable and should therefore be also considered. Finally, it is evident from the study that passengers place more importance to the physical than the interactive elements of service to form their overall satisfaction.     

Geography and the cruise ship port selection process

The cruise ship industry is currently undergoing a period of rapid expansion. New cruise capacity threatens to produce overtonnaging, with future berths exceeding demand. Despite this development, cruise operators are confident that a growing North American market will be able to satisfy the equilibrium condition sought by vessel operators. This research explores where the new tonnage might be deployed and its eventual impact on the cruise industry. Geographic concepts are utilized to test and support the premise that geography contributes positively to the cruise port selection process. Itineraries, influenced by ‘site’ and ‘situation,’ are presently still the most important factor affecting cruise port selection.     

Competition model of cruise home ports based on the cruise supply chain – based on China cruise market

This paper addresses issues of cruise home port competition based on the cruise supply chain. A pricing model of the cruise market is developed considering the competitive cooperation behaviors of the participants in the cruise supply chain. Furthermore, a model of cruise home port competition is developed to investigate the impacts of subsidy participants in the cruise supply chain on cruise home ports. The results indicate that subsidy policies change the market equilibrium, promote the upstream and downstream integration of cruise supply chain, and enhance cruise home port competitiveness. Subsidies to cruise line increase the payoffs of cruise supply chain and ports’ profit. Subsidies to travel agency decrease passenger costs and improve all ports’ profits. For the long-term development of cruise home port, the consequents can be used as policy suggestions.     

世界邮轮旅游产业发展概况与空间结构特征研究

港口休闲旅游功能是新时期我国沿海港口功能拓展的重要方向,各地政府部门正着力推动邮轮旅游产业的发展。通过分析世界邮轮旅游产业发展的总体趋势和相关要素的空间结构特征,提出沿海地区进行邮轮港布局规划的思路要点,为国内沿海地区相关行业规划工作提供借鉴。     

现代化邮轮码头登船桥技术及工艺特点分析

阐述国际邮轮接驳旅客的特点及对码头工艺布局的要求,分析邮轮码头旅客登离邮轮的工艺方式。邮轮旅客登船桥是邮轮与旅客联检大楼实现无缝连接的关键设备,在邮轮码头采用现代化的旅客登船桥,旅客上下船服务能够充分体现人性化,有效保障旅客舒适、安全、高效和便捷上下船,满足综合物流化及"一关三检"的要求。通过介绍国内已经投产的两种典型邮轮旅客登船桥的技术特点和邮轮码头平面工艺布局,为未来需要规划建设的邮轮码头提供借鉴。     

Geography and the cruise ship port selection process

The cruise ship industry is currently undergoing a period of rapid expansion. New cruise capacity threatens to produce overtonnaging, with future berths exceeding demand. Despite this development, cruise operators are confident that a growing North American market will be able to satisfy the equilibrium condition sought by vessel operators. This research explores where the new tonnage might be deployed and its eventual impact on the cruise industry. Geographic concepts are utilized to test and support the premise that geography contributes positively to the cruise port selection process. Itineraries, influenced by 'site' and 'situation,' are presently still the most important factor affecting cruise port selection.     

Do port security quality and service quality influence customer satisfaction and loyalty?

ABSTRACT

This study uses Kaohsiung Port as a case study to evaluate the relationships between port security quality, port service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with shipping companies and freight forwarders in Taiwan. The results indicate that port security quality has a direct and positive impact on both port service quality and customer satisfaction; port service quality has a direct and positive impact on both customer satisfaction and customer loyalty; and customer satisfaction has a direct and positive impact on customer loyalty. However, the impact from port service quality is more significant than that of port security quality. Accordingly, this study suggests that Kaohsiung Port should concentrate on improving its service quality in order to enhance customer satisfaction and customer loyalty.     

巴巴多斯岛的船只

对于船舶爱好者而言,巴巴多斯岛为他们拍摄大量豪华旅游客船提供了绝佳的机会,因为这些船会频繁地在该港口停泊,其他类型的船只也是这座充满田园情趣的加勒比岛屿的常客,这其中包括内陆船、小型沿海船、油轮,集装箱船和散装货船。多年来很多爱好者可以在码头前沿拍摄到在此停泊飘荡的各种类型的船只,但是现在却很难再接近码头了。[编者按]     

基于DEA模型的我国邮轮母港的综合评价

针对现阶段我国邮轮母港建设过盛的情况,运用DEA模型对我国相对有可能发展成邮轮母港的港口城市进行评价。通过分析影响邮轮母港建设的因素和条件,构建邮轮母港指标体系进行评价,并对得出的结果进行分析,解决邮轮港口功能定位的问题,即发展国际邮轮母港和发展国际邮轮靠泊港孰优的问题。     

邮轮港旅客批量到达的随机排队服务系统研究

基于吴淞口国际邮轮港交通组织设计,重点分析旅客到达后通关边检采用M/M/N和N-M//M/1随机排队模型的异 同点,研究了通关排队服务采用两个不同模型的体验差异,对解决排队旅客与服务机构两方面利益的最优控制问题提出了 初步解决方案。     

Characteristics and consequences of the cruise traffic seasonality on ports: the Spanish Mediterranean case

Cruise traffic is a maritime business and tourist typology that has expanded significantly in the past two decades. The seasonality of the industry affects maritime traffic, generating negative effects for the primary stakeholders involved in the configuration of a cruise itinerary. This article focuses on cruise traffic seasonality from the perspective of cruise ports by analysing a sample of 13 ports on the Spanish Mediterranean coast. The variable used was cruise passenger movements during the period 2000–2015. The main objective of this article is to analyse cruise traffic seasonality in order to identify a pattern, classify through a cluster analysis, and identify the changes in seasonality during the period. Specifically, a threefold analysis has been performed, with the additional goal of providing a series of counter-seasonal suggestions and strategies to apply in the management of cruise ports. First, the seasonality pattern of each port was determined. Second, a cluster analysis was conducted to classify ports into clusters with homogeneous seasonality patterns. Third, an analysis was conducted to identify the changes in seasonality during the period of analysis using the coefficient of variation and the Gini coefficient. This article concludes the existence of two port clusters with different seasonal patterns.     

An investigation into the suitability of an enclosed seaport for cruise ships the case of Leith

This paper considers port infrastructure, in terms of the physical limitations placed on vessel size, at the major cruise ship ports in northern Europe. Physical design characteristics and vessel size restrictions common to these ports are identified. The same physical design charactersitics and vessels limitations are considered in the context of a port with cruise ship ambitions, viz. Leith. The subsequent analysis suggests that infrastructure design weaknesses at a given port, in this case the presence of an entrance lock and tidal delay, may act as a deterrent to cruise ships. Primary data gathered from cruise lines and from observation of cruise ship activity at Leith supports this hypothesis. These findings have implications for both seaports and cruise lines.