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在隧道掘进过程中,天然地应力的平衡状态将会受到破坏并进行应力重分布,在构造应力场或自重应力场作用下将会引发裂纹的起裂、扩展和贯通,从而导致隧道的失稳坍塌。文章采用数值模拟和室内模型试验方法对比分析了裂纹位置、长度、深度等因素对马蹄形断面隧道围岩结构稳定性的影响。其中,数值模拟分析了隧道围岩的破坏形式及对裂纹尖端应力强度因子的计算,隧道模型试验研究了裂纹对隧道模型抗压强度的影响。结果表明:(1)数值模拟结果与模型试验结果较为吻合;(2)裂纹位于马蹄形隧道的拐角处或裂纹倾角为45°时,对隧道的稳定性削弱作用最大;(3)隧道围岩内裂纹的长度越长,隧道模型的抗压强度越小;(4)裂纹长度达到一定程度时,裂纹深度对隧道的危害性作用基本呈线性增加的趋势;(5)裂纹缺陷对隧道围岩应力重分布及破坏形式有较大的影响。 相似文献
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通过透射式焦散线实验方法对三点弯梁的底部裂纹应力强度因子进行测量,获得反映应力强度信息的焦散斑图,测量出焦散斑特征尺寸—焦散斑最大直径。通过焦散线方程建立的焦散斑特征尺寸与应力强度因子K1之间的关系,确定了含有Ⅰ型裂纹的三点曲梁在载荷作用下裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,与理论值比较结果符合得很好。 相似文献
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为了研究内压作用下管道裂纹应力场分布规律,以含有表面裂纹的X80管道为研究对象,对不同形状、不同方向、不同内压、不同尺寸的含裂纹管道进行仿真分析和实验验证。结果表明:裂纹尖端处应力远大于裂纹中心应力。裂纹形状对应力影响作用较小,随着裂纹方向与管道轴向夹角增大,裂纹尖端应力先增大后减小,随着管道内压、裂纹深度、裂纹长度的增大,裂纹尖端处应力随之线性增大。其中,裂纹长度对裂纹尖端应力的影响小于管道内压和裂纹深度。 相似文献
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罗汉山隧道设计为双向八车道连拱隧道,为目前国内最大跨度公路连拱隧道.文章对超大断面连拱隧道设计的技术标准、净空断面选取、结构支护参数拟定、中墙设计、施工工法选择、施工辅助措施以及监控量测等进行总结介绍,并应用有限元数值模拟方法对支护结构的强度及围岩的稳定性进行了模拟分析,为今后相关类似超大断面公路隧道的工程设计与施工积累经验. 相似文献
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关于管道裂纹应力强度因子的计算 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
论述了管道裂纹(包括轴向裂纹和纵向表面半椭圆裂纹)在复杂应力条件下应力强度因子计算的权函数方法。分析和算例表明,该方法可准确、有效地计算管道裂纹在各种应力条件下的应力强度因子。 相似文献
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Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD). An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip. It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links. 相似文献
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This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress. 相似文献
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本文阐述了混合动力列车的技术特点及其相应优势与劣势,同时介绍了其在国内外的研究动向,并对其应用前景进行了展望。尽管该类新型铁道车辆的续航能力、电池寿命以及成本等相关问题目前仍有待改善,但以其对城市环境的美化作用与优越的舒适驾乘性能,以及高效节能、绿色环保的显著优势,依然不失为一类充满前景的新型轨道交通运输方式。 相似文献
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In India pedestrians usually cross the road at mid-block crosswalks due to ease of access to their destination or the development of adjacent land use types such as shopping, business areas, school and residential areas. The behaviour of pedestrian will change with respect to different land use type and this change in behaviour of pedestrian further reflects change in perceived level of service (LOS). So, it is important to evaluate the quality of service of such crossing facilities with respect to different land-use type under mixed traffic conditions. In this framework, pedestrian perceived LOS were collected with respect to different land-use type such as shopping, residential and business areas. The ordered probit (OP) model was developed by using NLOGIT software package, with number of vehicles encountered, road crossing difficulty as well as safety considered as primary factors along with pedestrian individual factors (gender and age), land-use type and roadway geometry. From the model results, it has been concluded that perceived safety, crossing difficulty, land-use condition, number of vehicles encountered, median width and number of lanes have significant effect on pedestrian perceived LOS at unprotected (un-signalized) mid-block crosswalks in mixed traffic scenario. The inferences of these results highlights the importance of land use planning in designing a new set of pedestrian access facilities for unprotected mid-block crosswalks under mixed traffic conditions. Also the study results would be useful for evaluating pedestrian accessibility taking into account different land-use type and planning required degree of segregation with vehicular movement at unprotected mid-block crosswalk locations. 相似文献
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明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。 相似文献
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采用随机场模型能够有效地模拟围岩参数的空间变异性。文章将局部平均随机场理论、有限差分法和Monte-Carlo模拟结合在一起,得到了Monte-Carlo随机有限差分法,基于该方法编制了可考虑围岩空间变异性的隧道结构可靠度计算程序;并将围岩密度、弹性模量和内摩擦角等参数视为三维正态随机场,研究了围岩的竖向与水平向相关距离的变化对隧道结构可靠度的影响。计算结果表明,围岩空间变异性会显著影响隧道结构的可靠度,为了获得更为经济合理的支护方案,在支护设计时考虑围岩参数的空间变异性很有必要;围岩竖向或水平向相关距离的增大均会引起隧道结构失效概率的增加,但影响程度不同;隧道结构失效概率对围岩竖向空间变异性更加敏感,故在工程勘察费用较少时,可考虑将勘察费用更多地投入到竖向相关距离的勘测,水平向相关距离可参考已有经验数据取值。 相似文献