GPS/BDS联合解算的列车高精度实时定位方法

为了构建智能化列车运行控制体系,针对卫星导航的铁路应用,开展了列车定位优化方法的研究;利用广播星历实时特性,借助框架转换模型为系统提供实时、准确、统一的时空参考;结合误差模型校正系统中与定位相关的误差,以降低定位解算复杂度;为了进一步优化系统定位性能,提高定位精度,提出一种基于GPS/BDS多星座联合解算的非差载波相位定位方法;利用京沈高铁实际数据进行仿真,对比了单星座定位方法和多星座定位方法的信号几何分布和定位误差;为了进一步验证提出定位方法的性能,利用同一组数据,将定位结果与传统伪距单点定位结果进行对比。试验结果表明:在测试期间,GPS和BDS单星座定位方法的可见卫星平均数分别为9.2和13.4颗,几何精度因子平均数分别为2.341 7和2.272 1;GPS/BDS多星座定位方法可见卫星平均数为22.5颗,几何精度因子平均数为1.264 6,因此,多星座定位方法能够成倍增加可见卫星数,优化卫星信号几何分布,在卫星信号连续变化条件下保证精确、连续定位;在卫星信号稳定区域内,伪距单点定位和提出的定位方法在空间三维方向上的定位均方根误差分别为5.396 1、5.569 7、2.831 2和0.976 1、0.988 8、0.861 8 m,在卫星信号受限区域内,伪距单点定位和提出的定位方法在3个方向上均方根误差分别为7.245 9、7.056 3、3.756 2和1.561 2、1.603 1、1.215 5 m,因此,相比于传统伪距单点定位,提出的定位方法能够在多个场景下获得更高的定位精度。      

基于遗传算法的最佳天文定位星座组合

基于遗传算法，引用GPS定位中的几何精度降低率理论，建立了最优定位星座组合选择模型，编制了计算软件，以三星、四星天文定位为例，从侯选定位星体中选择出最佳的星座组合。应用结果表明．应用遗传算法进行最佳星座组合改变了传统的天文定位选星模式。真正实现天文导航自动化。     

Satisfactory Optimization Design of IIR Digital Filters

A new method called satisfactory optimization method is proposed to design IIR ( Infinite Impulse Response) digital filters, and the satisfactory optimization model is presented. The detailed algorithm of designing IIR digital filters using satisfactory optimization method is described. By using quantum genetic algorithm characterized by rapid convergence and good global search capability, the satisfying solutions are achieved in the experiment of designing lowpass and bandpass IIR digital filters. Experimental results show that the performances of IIR filters designed by the introduced method are better than those by traditional methods.     

GPS／DR／MM车辆组合导航定位系统研究

为了克服卫星信号盲区GPS定位间断或失效以及航位推算（DR）定位误差随时间积累等缺陷,设计了一种基于嵌入式系统的GPS／DR／MM车辆组合导航定位系统。通过Kalman滤波对多传感器信息进行最优估计,并应用地图匹配（MM）技术,以得到最佳定位信息。系统的各模块任务使用t~C／OS—II嵌入式操作系统统一调度。经测试,该系统能实现车辆的可靠、准确定位,并且能精确地在上位机的导航地图上实时显示出车辆当前的位置和其他状态信息。该组合导航定位技术在智能交通系统（ITS）领域具有较高的应用价值。     

A new GPS deformation monitoring algorithm applied to Donghai Bridge

A real-time, long-round global positioning system (GPS) bridge-deformation monitoring technology was proposed, which processes the carrier phase of multiple GPS receivers in an operation center. It was demon- strated an extended Kalman filter with triple differential ionospheric-free measurement (EKF-TIF) which can eliminate the ionospheric delay, whiten the TIF noise and optimize the results of EKF, consequently, achieves a better performance than existing real time kinematic (RTK) solution. An experiment, which takes an active ionosphere condition into consideration, proves the feasibility of this system by comparing its records to that of a traditional RTK solution, practically, the system installed on the Donghai Bridge has survived a non-break running for five months. The analysis to the monitoring records shows the system achieves the designed accu- racy and reliability.     

Pressure-Based Approach to Estimating the Injection Start and End in Single and Split Common Rail Injection Processes

The deep understanding on sand and sand dunes scale can be useful to reveal the formation mechanism of the sandstorm for early sandstorm forecast. The current sandstorm observation methods are mainly based on conventional meteorological station and satellites remote sensing, which are difficult to acquire sand scale information. A wireless sensing network is implemented in the hinterland of desert, which includes ad hoc network, sensor, global positioning system (GPS) and system integration technology. The wireless network is a three-layer architecture and daisy chain topology network, which consists of control station, master robots and slave robots. Every three robots including one master robot and its two slave robots forms an ad hoc network. Master robots directly communicate with radio base station. Information will be sent to remote information center. Data sensing system including different kinds of sensors and desert robots is developed. A desert robot is designed and implemented as unmanned probing movable nodes and sensors’ carrier. A new optical fiber sensor is exploited to measure vibration of sand in particular. The whole system, which is delivered to the testing field in hinterland of desert (25 km far from base station), has been proved efficient for data acquisition.     

The Acquisition of Sand Vibration Information in Hinterland of Desert Based on Advanced Remote Sensing System and Network Technologies

The deep understanding on sand and sand dunes scale can be useful to reveal the formation mechanism of the sandstorm for early sandstorm forecast. The current sandstorm observation methods are mainly based on conventional meteorological station and satellites remote sensing, which are difficult to acquire sand scale information. A wireless sensing network is implemented in the hinterland of desert, which includes ad hoc network,sensor, global positioning system(GPS) and system integration technology. The wireless network is a three-layer architecture and daisy chain topology network, which consists of control station, master robots and slave robots.Every three robots including one master robot and its two slave robots forms an ad hoc network. Master robots directly communicate with radio base station. Information will be sent to remote information center. Data sensing system including different kinds of sensors and desert robots is developed. A desert robot is designed and implemented as unmanned probing movable nodes and sensors' carrier. A new optical fiber sensor is exploited to measure vibration of sand in particular. The whole system, which is delivered to the testing field in hinterland of desert(25 km far from base station), has been proved efficient for data acquisition.     

基于区域划分的GPS/DR组合导航定位研究

建立广域车辆定位导航系统的服务区区域划分，在此基础上实现了GPS定位模式切换、建立分层地图数据库和实现通过路网数据对GPS及推算定位的结果进行匹配的快速匹配算法。对车载导航系统的中心模块进行了相应的改进，实现了基于区域 发和地图分级思想的车辆定位导航系统基础模型，并结合成都中心区和广州市的试验结果进行了分析。分析表明，区域划分思想用于车辆定位导航系统，可以提高系统的总体性能。基于该思想实现的车辆空平导航系统模型不仅能在局域，而且能在广域范围内提供满意的定位导航服务。     

一种改进的GSM/GPRS网络信道分配策略

在对GSM／GPRS(global system for mobile communications／general packet radio service)蜂窝系统现有典型信道分配策略FRA(fixed resource allocation)和DRA(dynamical resource allocation)及其排队策略进行分析的基础上，提出了基于DRA的改进策略DMC—DRA(dynamical minimum channels of packets for DRA)．新策略能动态改变GPRS包下限信道数，在FRA和DRA之间折衷，提高信道利用率、包传输时间、呼叫阻塞率等综合性能．     

Vehicle Ego-Localization Based on Streetscape Image Database Under Blind Area of Global Positioning System

Vehicle positioning is critical for inter-vehicle communication, navigation, vehicle monitoring and tracking. They are regarded as the core technology ensuring safety in everyday-driving. This paper proposes an enhanced vehicle ego-localization method based on streetscape image database. It is most useful in the global positioning system(GPS) blind area. Firstly, a database is built by collecting streetscape images, extracting dominant color feature and detecting speeded up robust feature(SURF) points. Secondly, an image that the vehicle shoots at one point is analyzed to find a matching image in the database by dynamic programming(DP)matching. According to the image similarity, several images with higher probabilities are selected to realize coarse positioning. Finally, different weights are set to the coordinates of the shooting location with the maximum similarity and its 8 neighborhoods according to the number of matching points, and then interpolating calculation is applied to complete accurate positioning. Experimental results show that the accuracy of this study is less than 1.5 m and its running time is about 3.6 s. These are basically in line with the practical need. The described system has an advantage of low cost, high reliability and strong resistance to signal interference, so it has a better practical value as compared with visual odometry(VO) and radio frequency identification(RFID) based approach for vehicle positioning in the case of GPS not working.     

A Concatenated ML Decoder for ST／SFBC-OFDM Systems in Double Selective Fading Channels

This paper presented a concatenated maximum-likelihood (ML) decoder for space-time/space-frequency block coded orthogonal frequency diversion multiplexing (ST/SFBC-OFDM) systems in double selective fading channels. The proposed decoder first detects space-time or space-frequency codeword elements separately. Then,according to the coarsely estimated codeword elements, the ML decoding is performed in a smaller constellation element set to searching final codeword. It is proved that the proposed decoder has optimal performances if and only if subchannels are constant during a codeword interval. The simulation results show that the performances of proposed decoder is close to that of the optimal ML decoder in severe Doppler and delay spread channels. However,the complexity of proposed decoder is much lower than that of the optimal ML decoder.     

基于神经网络的GPS高程拟合方法优选及精度分析

针对现有的几种神经网络GPS高程拟合方法,讨论了利用遗传算法(GA)、粒子群算法(PSO)优化BP神经网络权值和阀值的原理;结合分布较均匀、现势性较好的GPS和水准联测数据,试算了基于神经网络的GPS高程拟合。拟合结果表明:基于PSO算法优化的BP神经网络的拟合精度优于GA算法,误差相对更小。     

GNSS卫星导航地基增强系统与位置云服务关键技术

针对地基增强系统自主研发了高精度增强参考站网络位置服务平台,通过与国际上代表性的平台系统比测,结果表明:网络RTK服务的初始化时间基本一致,相同测试点两个系统的精度相当,均实现了厘米级的RTK定位.北斗与GPS联合数据处理结果表明:联合解的57条基线在X、Z方向均优于1 mm,Y方向优于2 mm.与北斗和GPS单独解算相比,联合解算分别有55条和53条基线精度得到了改善,占总体的96.5%和93.0%.针对大规模CORS网络的多模GNSS数据融合、处理与位置服务问题,提出了建立位置无关服务和资源池的位置云服务的思想,实现数据处理与分析能力共享、多样性服务、广域无缝定位连接,为广域分布式CORS网络的信息获取、共享、处理和分析等提供了全新的理论基础.      

基于球面Delaunay三角网的GPS网络构造算法

根据球面Delaunay三角网的最大二面角性质，提出了一种GPS网络快速生长算法．采用国际大地坐标系的离散GPS站点，构造了全球球面Delaunay三角网，以验证该算法的可靠性．最后，对球面Delaunay三角网快速生长算法和球面Delaunay三角网直接搜索算法的效率进行了比较．结果表明，所提出的基于球面Delaunay三角网的GPS网络快速生长算法是有效的．     

基于出租车GPS数据的路段平均速度估计模型

为了解决现有基于GPS数据的路段平均速度估计模型应用条件苛刻、难以满足低成本和高精度信息需求问题,考虑不同类型GPS车辆运行特征,设计了两个基于出租车GPS数据估计路段平均速度的改进模型.基于两个改进模型,设计了路段平均速度的融合估计方法.用某城市局部路网的出租车GPS数据验证两个改进模型,并与传统模型进行了对比分析....     

基于贝叶斯正则化 BP 神经网络的 GPS 高程转换

为了改善BP神经网络在GPS高程转换过程中过拟合的现象,提出了用贝叶斯正则化算法的BP神经网络转换GPS高程的新方法,并利用区域GPS/水准数据,将新方法和未采用正则化算法的BP神经网络进行GPS高程转换的比较.结果表明:在较大区域和高程异常呈不规则的情况下,新方法不仅可以有效提高GPS高程转换的精度,而且通过贝叶斯正则化算法可以改善网络结构,抑制过拟合现象.在约10 km的GPS基线尺度上,新方法可以得到精度达0.050 m的正常高.     

Underwater digital terrain model with GPS-aided high-resolution profile-scan sonar images

The whole procedures of underwater digital terrain model (DTM) were presented by building with the global positioning system (GPS) aided high-resolution profile-scan sonar images. The algorithm regards the digital image scanned in a cycle as the raw data. First the label rings are detected with the improved Hough transform (HT) method and followed by curve-fitting for accurate location; then the most probable window for each ping is detected with weighted neighborhood gray-level co-occurrence matrix; and finally the DTM is built by integrating the GPS data with sonar data for 3D visualization. The case of an underwater trench for immersed tube road tunnel is illustrated.     

引入轨道特征的北斗列车定位方法研究

列车定位是轨道交通众多应用的基础条件,北斗卫星导航用于列车定位能够有效提升我国轨道交通装备的自主性.针对列车北斗定位性能对运行条件的适应性需求,本文提出一种引入轨道特征的北斗列车定位方法,该方法从轨道电子地图中提取轨道特征参数,在列车状态预测的系统模型中增加轨道约束,并利用一维地图位置预测拓展北斗导航卫星的伪距测量.利用现场实测数据构建场景进行仿真.所得结果表明,本文提出的方法能够提高列车定位解算对卫星可视条件的鲁棒性,有效拓展北斗列车定位在恶劣观测条件下的可用水平,具有较高的实际应用价值.     

出租汽车驾驶员生态驾驶行为培训方法--以北京市为例

驾驶行为是影响机动车能耗和尾气排放的主要因素之一,生态驾驶行为已在众多发达国家推广实施,并取得显著的节能减排效益。选取北京市同一车型的60名出租汽车驾驶员实施生态驾驶行为培训,利用OBD+北斗/GPS逐秒采集车辆油耗和运行数据。通过对比培训前后车辆平均百公里油耗改变量,明确生态驾驶培训的节能效果,形成面向出租汽车驾驶员行为矫正的生态驾驶培训方法。培训方案包括三种形式：基于培训手册和宣传视频的静态培训、基于驾驶模拟器的实操动态培训、先静态后动态的综合培训。培训结果表明：生态驾驶行为培训平均降低车辆百公里油耗8.6%;对出租汽车驾驶员实施动态生态驾驶培训更合理有效。由于车辆本身油耗的差异,生态驾驶行为培训对于改善公共交通、货运交通及长途客运汽车等行业的能耗现状可能更为显著。     

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本文提出了一个支持向量机进行初始行程时间预测并结合卡尔曼滤波算法进行动态调整的快速公交车行程时间综合预测模型.以快速公交车运行的GPS数据为基础,对北京市朝阳区快速公交2号线进行行程时间预测案例研究.利用该模型对其早高峰和上午平峰的两个不同时段的公交行程时间分别进行预测和对比分析,并通过与单一的卡尔曼滤波方法所得的预测结果进行比较.结果表明,该模型应用于快速公交行程时间预测具有更好的适用性,并且预测平峰时段的精度要高于高峰时段.