扩张管锥角对催化转化器气流流动特性的影响

催化转化器的结构对气流流动特性有较大的影响。催化转化器扩张管锥角是影响气流流动特性的主要因素之一。应用数值模拟的方法对催化转化器的气流流动特性进行了研究．建立了催化转化器的流体力学模型。对催化转化器的气流流速分布、截面流速不均匀系数和压力损失进行了分析。数值模拟结果表明，较大的扩张管锥角容易造成气流分离，使旋涡区增大，截面流速不均匀系数和压力损失增加。     

SCR催化转化器内流场数值模拟与结构优化设计

在ANSYS软件中建立了SCR催化转化器的三维模型和有限元模型,对其内流场进行了三维稳态数值模拟。结果表明该催化转化器载体入口处速度分布不均匀,且其压力损失较大。在此基础上,研究了载体直径、载体长度对催化转化器内部流动特性的影响,分析了载体入口处的速度分布和催化转化器压力损失的变化规律,并基于响应面法对其结构进行了优化设计,从而使载体入口处速度分布更均匀,催化转化器的压力损失下降了12.6%,排气背压的降低,有利于提高发动机的性能。     

车用催化转化器内流场及结构优化分析

催化转化器是目前最有效的汽车排放控制装置,利用计算流体动力学CFD方法,建立某款汽油车催化转化器的三维内流动数学模型,对催化转化器内的流动特性进行了稳态流动数值模拟,研究分析催化转化器入口管角度及载体结构样式对其内速度场、温度场、压力场等特性的影响,以指导催化转化器的结构设计.结果表明30.入口管和球形端面载体结构是较...     

SCR催化转化器内流场数值模拟与结构改进

利用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件,对结构改进前后的SCR催化转化器内流场进行了三维稳态流动数值模拟,对比分析了改进前后两种不同结构的催化转化器内流动特性。模拟结果显示:结构因素对催化转化器的内流动特性有很大影响,通过结构改进,减小了压力损失,使其内部速度分布和温度分布更加均匀。     

涡轮增压器冷却水进水管内流场及压力损失分析

以某涡轮增压器进水管为对象,采用Catia软件建立其几何模型,采用CFD方法分析了进水管内水流运动特征,研究进水管内进水流量、出口压力、管道壁面粗糙度以及进水连通管直径对管道内流场及压力损失的影响。结果表明:在水流入口端的螺栓与管道弯曲交接部位,水流运动会发生急剧的变化;管道最大压力出现在进口端的螺栓处,且在沿着管道内的水流运动方向上,流体压力呈现持续下降状态;随着进水量增加,管道压力损失增大;大的出口压力改变对管道内压力损失影响不明显;增加管道壁面粗糙度会使压力损失增大;增加进水连通管直径,压力损失降低,反之压力损失则增大。     

喷射压力对生物柴油掺混燃料喷雾特性的影响

基于自行设计的定容弹和高压共轨喷油试验台,通过高速相机对不同掺混比的柴油‐生物柴油混合燃料的喷雾过程进行瞬时拍摄,并运用图像后处理技术量化分析喷射压力对掺混燃料的喷雾锥角和喷雾贯穿距离等宏观喷雾特性的参数影响。结果表明：喷射压力从75 M Pa提高到135 M Pa时,喷射压力对喷雾锥角的影响在4°～5°左右;喷雾锥角和喷雾贯穿距离均逐渐增大,混合燃料的雾化质量有所改善。     

喷油器喷孔直径及喷射压力对二甲醚喷雾特性的影响

通过试验研究在背压和喷射压力变化的情况下,共轨系统中喷油器喷孔直径不同时二甲醚的喷雾特性。试验采用喷油器喷孔直径分别为0.170 mm和0.250 mm,背压分别为2.5 MPa和5.0 MPa,喷射压力变化范围为35~70 MPa,变化幅度为5 MPa,测试喷油量和喷雾特性,分析6孔喷油器的喷雾形状、贯穿长度和喷雾锥角。研究表明,增大喷孔直径后的喷油器与原喷油器相比,二甲醚喷射量约增加10%~20%,且增加量随喷射压力增大而增大。2种喷油器喷雾形状均对称,增大喷孔直径后的喷油器喷雾贯穿长度变短、喷雾锥角增大。     

过量空气系数和点火提前角对CNG发动机NOX排放性能的影响

试验研究了过量空气系数和点火提前角对稀燃电控调压器式天然气发动机的燃烧以及排放的影响。试验过程对全工况的排放和动力进行了稳态优化。研究结果表明,在其他影响参数不变的情况下,随着点火提前角的减小和过量空气系数的增加,扭矩和NOX排放均降低。在匹配氧化型催化转化器后,各工况选取适当的点火提前角和过量空气系数可以满足国Ⅴ的排放标准。     

基于悬臂梁振动理论的舌簧阀运动规律及压力损失分析

建立了基于悬臂梁振动理论的舌簧阀运动模型,利用该模型分析了舌簧排气阀运动规律,以及阀片在开启过程、全开阶段、关闭过程的压力损失情况.分析结果表明:随阀片厚度增加,阀片全开期缩短,初始关闭角减小,相对压力损失曲线的波动性增强,压力损失增大.随阀片升程增加,关闭过程出现回弹波动越早,且升程增加,阀片开启面积增加,压力损失减小.随压缩机转速降低,阀片开启时间缩短,压力损失减小.但当转速降低到800r/min时,出现颤振,相对压力损失曲线呈波浪形,压力损失增大.     

催化转换器扩张角对流体流动特性的影响

进入排气管催化转换器载体的流体分布越均匀,催化转换的效果越好,催化转换器扩张角是影响进入催化转换器载体流体分布是否均匀的关键因素.通过ANSYS建立了催化转换器模型,模拟了在不同的流速下扩张角对流体流动特性的影响,为催化转换器结构的设计提供了依据.     

A mechanical and experimental study on the heat loss of solar evacuated tube

The experimental system of heat loss of all-glass evacuated solar collector tubes (evacuated tube) is firstly designed and constructed, which uses electric heater as thermal resource. The equilibrium temperatures are less than ±1℃ during the test, and the temperature differences of up/middle/low node in the tube are less than 1 ℃, 3 ℃, and 7℃ respectively. The heat loss of evacuated tube increases about 2.7% with vacuum state of 0.01-1 mPa, and it has the best performance at tube temperature of 20-280℃. The invalidation tube (> 200 mPa) has the biggest heat loss that increases linearly with the tube temperature. The evacuated tubes with the vacuum of 0.01-1 mPa are suitable for most solar adsorption refrigeration.     

Experimental study on the liquid slug of cryogenic slug flow in inclined tubes

An experimental study was carried out to understand the phenomena of the boiling flow of liquid nitrogen in inclined tubes with closed bottom by using a high speed motion analyzer.The experimental tubes are 0.018 and 0.014 m inner diameter(ID) and 1.0 m in length.The range of the inclination angle is 45°-90° from the horizontal.The experimental observation on the liquid slug was carried out along the tubes.Statistical method was employed to analyze the experimental data.The experiment analyzed the influences of the inclination angle and the tube diameter on the liquid slug length and velocity.The results show the liquid slug propagation velocity increases with the decrease of inclination angle θ.For all cases,the maximum values of the mean liquid slug lengths were obtained at θ = 60°.The mean liquid slug lengths were greater for large tube at higher tube position.These conclusions provide a basis for further study liquid slug of cryogenic two-phase undeveloped slug flow.     

接触压力分布对预应力弯曲孔道摩阻损失的影响

基于弹性接触分析,指出预应力筋与弯曲孔道的接触压力为非均匀分布.为探讨压力分布状况对摩阻力的影响,提出余弦、二次抛物线及椭圆等3种非均匀分布假设,分别推导了各自的接触压力表达式及摩阻力计算公式,并与均匀分布下摩阻力计算值进行了比较分析.结果表明,接触压力均匀分布假设并不会导致桥规预应力摩阻损失公式对摩阻损失的低估;当孔道转角较小时,该公式是适用的.     

扩张室压力脉动衰减器声传播的有效性

为了研究平面波截止频带内，进、出口偏置型扩张室压力脉动衰减器结构参数对其一维解析法计算精度的影响，基于面积突变处高阶模态的耗散效应，对两类偏置型扩张室一维解析法的有效性进行了分析. 首先，截止频率范围内双调谐内插管扩张室一维解析法的计算结果与实验测量结果吻合良好，证明了该方法应用于液压脉动衰减器是可行的；其次，将广泛应用于气体消声系统的两类进、出口偏置型扩张室结构（结构1和结构2）引入液压系统，制成相应的压力脉动衰减器，并利用一维解析法和三维有限元法分别得到其理论计算值；最后，以扩张室腔室内部存在局部非平面波效应为背景，研究了内插管插入深度、偏心距以及偏转角对一维解析法有效性的影响. 研究结果表明:结构1、2偏心距为40 mm、偏转角180°时，进、出口内插管插入深度对5000 Hz频带内（截止频率5469 Hz）高频区域的传递损失影响较大；而当结构1、2的内插管插入深度选定时，偏心距以及偏转角对0～4000 Hz一维解析法计算精度的影响可忽略不计，而在4000～5000 Hz研究频带内，这种影响则不可忽略.      

船舶尾轴承的变形对其润滑特性的影响研究

在工作载荷和船体变形的共同影响下，船舶尾轴承发生变形并改变了轴承与螺旋桨轴之间的相对位置关系。导致螺旋桨轴轴颈中线与轴承中线之间形成一个变形夹角，这个夹角影响轴承润滑油膜的压力分布和刚度系数．通过对润滑油膜刚度系数的数值计算，分析了轴线问夹角对油膜刚度的影响关系．从计算结果可以得到：随着夹角的增大，油膜刚度kxx，kyy。和kxy。会增大，而交叉刚度kyz，减小，同时夹角只能在一定的角度范围内对油胰刚度产生影响．     

兆瓦级直驱型风力发电系统的效率优化分析

针对兆瓦级永磁直驱风力发电系统,对变流器和发电机效率进行了优化分析.分别建立了中点嵌位式三电平变流器的损耗模型和包括铁损在内的电机损耗模型,通过分析给定转矩下直轴电流与损耗的关系,得到变流器效率最优和发电机效率最优的直轴电流解析式,进而求出永磁同步发电系统整机效率最优解.通过仿真和2MW三电平背靠背永磁直驱风电变流器的实验样机表明,在不同转矩工作区域内,即可以分别实现变流器效率或发电机效率的最优控制,并能提高发电系统整体效率.     

Wall Thinning Characteristics of Ti-3Al-2.5V Tube in Numerical Control Bending Process

A finite element(FE) model for the numerical control(NC) bending of Ti-3 Al-2.5 V titanium alloy seamless tube is established, considering the variation in the contractile strain ratio(CSR) and elastic modulus(E). The wall thinning characteristics of Ti-3 Al-2.5 V tube under different geometric and process conditions were investigated. The results showed that the CSR-E variation can change the wall thickness, but has no remarkable effect on the change characteristics. The reasonable parameter ranges are as follows: a bending-radius range not less than 1.5 times the outer diameter, a bend angle up to 180?, and a mandrel extension of 0-3 mm. The friction coefficient between the pressure die and the tube should be in the range of 0.20-0.35, and between the bending die and the tube should be in the range of 0.05-0.15. As long as the performance meets the requirements, the relative push-assistant speed should be as small as possible.     

Analysis of localization of Mohr-Coulomb strength law with damage effect

The damage critical curved surface is derived by considering the related effect of isotropic damage and degradation of cohesion and internal friction angle of Mohr-Coulomb strength law. The characteristics of stress-displacement curve and networks of shear bands with the change of degree of damage, confining pressure and Poisson??s ratio are investigated numerically by monitoring the stress-displacement values in the process of deformation of samples under plane strain and different initial conditions. The dependence of elastic-plastic response of localization is discussed. The non-uniqueness of the solution of equation is given. The orientation angle of shear band is derived by considering the related effect of isotropic damage and degradation of cohesion and internal friction angle. The orientation angle of shear band obtained by numerical simulation is contrasted to the orientation angle by measuring Mohr circle. It is shown that peak strength and residual strength depend on confining pressure. The networks of shear bands begin to appear in phase II of elasticity and develop in soften phase, and the shear band is formed in the phase of residual strength. As the degree of damage increases, axial displacement at the points of bifurcation and shear band decreases. The orientation angle of shear band increases with the increase of the damage degree. The orientation angle of shear band obtained by numerical simulation and measuring Mohr circle is not much difference when the damage degree is equivalent. The Mohr-Coulomb theory may predict the localized instability of sample by considering the degradation of cohesion and internal friction angle.