Surface reconstruction by structured light projection

A rapid and practical method is proposed to reconstruct surface based on the linked structured light stripes which are produced by structured light projection. The subpixel points on a stripe are linked firstly one by one to form a stripe ensemble which is then transformed to a point ensemble in 3D space. The initial mesh with local optimization is generated by triangulating each two adjacent point ensembles. In order to obtain a better mesh, our improved edge flipping algorithm is employed to optimize the initial mesh globally. Because of employing the information of the linked structured stripes, our reconstruction algorithm is performed fastly. Moreover, the subpixel points on each stripe are already linked on the captured images such that they do not require the high sampling density. The experiments show that the proposed method constructs a surface rapidly and effectively.     

工业机器人单目双视的应用研究

工业机器人单目双视系统充分利用机器人位姿便于调整的优势,在机器人带动摄像机一起运动过程中,对包含工件的场景进行多次图像采集,实现目标点三维坐标的识别。论文介绍了机器人摄像机的非线性快速补偿算法的定标原理,给出了机器人单目双视三维检测实验。单目双视结合工业机器人控制软件,可使工业机器人能实时调整运动轨迹也可对工件进行非接触测量,提高了工业机器人的适应性和灵活性。     

一种基手双目线结构光视觉系统的简单标定方法

提出了一种基于双目线结构光主动三角法的视觉系统的简单标定方法．该视觉系统采用线结构光原理,使用双目摄像机避免了常用的单摄像机系统中容易出现的遮挡等问题．该系统的标定综合了线结构光传感器模型以及双目立体视觉模型,推导了各个标定坐标系之间的联系,依据蔡氏两步法,使用方格靶标和最小二乘法求得各种标定参数．实验结果表明,该标定方法操作简单、实用可行．     

多视点标定图像的交替迭代度量重建方法

提出了一种针对相机内部参数已标定的多视点图像交替迭代度量重建方法.该方法以目标空间中重建的3D点到匹配特征点的反投影线间的距离作为重建误差的测度,使误差函数形式上更简洁且具有明确的几何意义.重建过程通过对相机外部参数中的旋转矩阵、平移量和3D重建点交替迭代完成,其中平移量和3D点一起估计,避免了它们与旋转矩阵中的元素间的尺度差异引起的数值偏差.利用合成数据和真实图像的计算分析均表明本文方法有较高的重建精度,具有实用性.     

基于双目视觉的原木材积自动检测系统

根据原木材积检测的特点,针对传统人工检尺存在的主要问题,基于双目视觉理论,设计了一种由CCD摄像机、单片机和上位机图像处理软件组成的自动化测量系统.选用HYC-600摄像机组建双目视觉前端,并给出了单片机信号采集处理板、光电编码器和光电开关等关键技术的设计方法,完成了双目标定、Bouquet校正、三维重构和各功能模块的软件开发.实验结果表明：该检测系统能有效克服人工检尺的缺点,成本低、精度高、可靠性强、安装使用方便.     

Stereo Matching of Planar Curves Composed of Time Stamped Points

IntroductionMatching features such as points,lines,curvesegments,etc.in stereo images is a key step forscene reconstruction.The curve matching techniquesfor spatial curve segments and planar curve segmentshave been presented.Alibhai and Zucker[1]described…     

基于车载连续序列图像的道路曲率计算方法

提出一种基于车载连续序列图像的道路曲率计算方法.算法首先利用车载视 觉系统进行内外参数标定实现对路面车道线的三维重建,利用三维重建误差模型对重建 的数据点进行误差估计,并对数据点进行选弃.对序列图像中路面车道线重建出来的曲线 采用ICP 算法进行曲线匹配,并将匹配后的曲线映射到统一的参考坐标系中.最后利用匹 配曲线上的数据点进行圆周拟合,计算道路曲率.实验中利用真实的车载连续序列图像对 算法进行验证.针对曲率半径分别为96 m和430 m两段不同程度的弯道,利用本文算法计 算对应道路的曲率半径.结果表明,本文算法能够精确地计算出不同弯道的道路曲率,特 别是针对平缓弯道的曲率计算,比基于单幅图像的曲率计算方法更加准确与稳定.     

Camera calibration with 1D rotating objects

In this paper, we use 1D rotating objects to calibrate camera. The calibration object has three collinear points. It is not necessary for the object to rotate around one of its endpoints as before; instead, it rotates around the middle point in a plane. In this instance, we can use two calibration constraints to compute the intrinsic parameters of a camera. In addition, when the 1D object moves in a plane randomly, the proposed technique remains valid to compute the intrinsic parameters of a camera. Experiments with simulated data as well as with real images show that our technique is accurate and robust.     

基于结构光的多投影显示系统图像对准算法

为了解决多投影显示系统的图像对准问题,提出了一种基于结构光投影技术的对准算法.该算法通过求取等相位线的交点来建立投影机图像与相机拍摄图像间的映射关系,对于投影机图像上任一像素点,有水平和垂直2个相位值.在相机图像的水平相位展开图中找出与该点水平相位值相等的离散坐标点的位置,拟合出一条水平等相位线,同理,可以得到它的一条垂直等相位线;求出水平和垂直等相位线的交点,即为该点对应于相机图像中的像素点.该算法无需知道显示墙的解析表达式和相机的内部参数,适用于任意光滑的曲面显示墙.对准后图像与原始图像的对比实验表明:峰值信噪比达到27.904,结构相似度为0.972 4,说明该算法能有效提高图像的对准精度.      

Stewart平台式并联机床的一种运动及受力分析方法

并联机床被誉为21世纪的新型加工中心, 但它所能发挥的性能仍受到现有机构计算理论、测量及标定方法的限制.目前已有的正向求解方法,由于非线性的影响,有求解过程复杂和多解的问题,难以用于并联机床的运动控制,为此,建立了6-3 Stewart平台式并联机床结构的运动学和力学模型,其中采用对称分布的3个位移传感器用于机构的位置分析,并将降阶的运算操作与传感器方式相结合,实现了机构分析的正向算法,并开发了数值模拟程序.这种方法明显降低运算消耗,并提高了精度.     

改进的光照不变道路检测算法

针对大多数道路检测方法存在光照变化敏感,阴影导致误检、漏检等问题,提出了一种改进的光照不变道路检测算法.首先将道路图像RGB空间转换为几何均值对数色度空间;然后根据Shannon熵确定相机轴标定角θ,利用Chebyshev理论去除θ奇异值,得到光照无关图Iθ;其次通过随机抽样方法提取道路样本点,包括道路基准样本点和道路参考样本点;最后建立道路置信区间分类器,将道路从背景中分离出来.实验结果表明,该算法能很好地消除光照变化和阴影对道路检测的影响,检测精度高,能满足实际道路检测实时性要求.     

Geometric calibration algorithm of polarization camera using planar patterns

Polarization pattern provides additional information besides spectral signatures. It can be used in many applications, such as navigation, defect detection and object identification. A novel polarization camera composed of four synchronized cameras is proposed, and it can realize real-time polarization measurement. This study particularly concentrates on the geometric calibration of the system. The projection model is analyzed and the multi-camera calibration algorithm is proposed. Firstly, each camera is calibrated separately using planar patterns, and then the geometric calibration algorithms are performed. Due to the geometrical constraint, a global optimization method results in smaller estimation uncertainties. A mean rotation error of 0.025° and a mean translation error of 0.26mm are achieved after geometric calibration. The images are rectified to establish a correspondence among cameras and are combined to acquire the polarization measurement. The polarization pattern of the skylight is measured by the system and the results are consistent with the previous studies.     

New Method of Reconstruction from Nonparallel Stereo and Application to Surgical Navigator

A new method to reconstruct 3D scene points from nonparallel stereo is proposed. From a pair of conjugate images in an arbitrarily configured stereo system that has been calibrated, coordinates of 3D scene points can be computed directly using the method, bypassing the process of rectifying images or iterative solution involved in existing methods. Experiment results from both simulated data and real images validate the method. Practical application to surgical navigator shows that the method has advantages to improve efficiency and accuracy of 3D reconstruction from nonparallel stereo system in comparison with the conventional method that employs algorithm for standard parallel axes stereo geometry.     

3D human motion tracking by using interactive multiple models

Of different model-based methods in vision based human tracking, many state of the art works focus on the stochastic optimization method to search in a very high dimensional space and try to find the optimal solution according to a proper likelihood function. Seldom works perform a framework of interactive multiple models (IMM) to track a human for challenging problems, such as uncertainty of motion styles, imprecise detection of feature points and ambiguity of joint location. This paper presents a two-layer filter framework based on IMM to track human motion. First, a method of model based points location is proposed to detect key feature points automatically and the filter in the first layer is performed to estimate the undetected points. Second, multiple models of motion are learned by the prior motion data with ridge regression and the IMM algorithm is used to estimate the quaternion vectors of joints rotation. Finally, experiments using real images sequences, simulation videos and 3D voxel data demonstrate that this human tracking framework is efficient.     

基于单目视觉的轨道固定桩基准点测量方法

为了提高铁路线路固定桩基准点绝对坐标测量的效率, 提出了一种新的测量方法; 建立了无合作目标的单点测量模型, 采用单目相机采集激光靶标图像, 利用光饱和点重心法提取激光光斑中心; 研究了平面直线成像规律, 构造了基于正交直线的单应性矩阵求解方法, 并对图像进行透视畸变校正; 根据校正后的图像与靶标的几何相似关系, 计算了激光光斑与靶标的横、纵向偏差; 在室内环境下, 进行了靶标图片拍摄的正交试验, 计算与比较了横、纵向偏差。试验结果表明: 在激光光斑和靶标固定的条件下, 保持相机与靶标的距离不变, 改变相机角度拍摄图片, 经过透视变换校正后, 横、纵向偏差与期望偏差分别为0.082、0.254mm; 相机拍摄角度固定, 改变相机与靶标距离拍摄图片, 经过透视变换校正后, 横、纵向偏差与期望偏差分别为0.126、0.014mm; 在相机的角度、相机与靶标的距离都改变的情况下, 拍摄的图片经过透视变换校正后, 横、纵向偏差与期望偏差分别为0.329、0.064mm; 可见3组试验的横、纵向偏差与期望偏差的误差均小于0.5mm; 系统的水平距离测量误差范围为±1.52mm, 高程测量误差范围为±0.67mm, 根据轨道检查仪性能指标, 线路水平距离误差范围为±3.0mm, 高程误差范围为±2.5mm, 因此, 本文的测量方法精度满足轨道测量要求。水平距离测量误差完全由激光测距仪和倾角传感器决定, 而高程测量误差是由激光测距仪、倾角传感器与激光点和靶心的偏移量共同决定的。      

基于三视图的三维线框模型生成算法

依据画法几何学和工程制图的投影原理,介绍了一种基于三视图的线框模型快速生成算法。算法首先根据三视图的二维节点信息生成空间顶点,然后根据二维节点间的连接关系和投影原理来直接确定空间顶点间的连接关系,最后消除空间冗余元素并连接具有连接关系的三维顶点形成空间线框模型。     

一种基于摄像机标定的车辆视频测速方法

以Tsai两步法为摄像机标定原理,提出了一种车辆速度视频测量方法,并对摄像机标定误差和车速检测误差进行了分析。首先利用Tsai两步法得到摄像机的内部和外部参数,然后将图像空间提取出的运动车辆特征点位移转换到世界坐标系,最后利用帧差时间求得车辆的瞬时速度。实验结果表明,基于摄像机标定的车辆速度视频测量方法,具有简单实用、鲁棒性强、精确度高等优点,满足车辆视频测速系统的要求。     

交通事故摄影图像的自标定三维重建模型

为了提高交通事故现场的勘测效率和摄影测量技术的使用方便性,在基础矩阵估计的基础上,建立了基于普通数码相机的交通事故摄影图像自标定三维重建模型。模型以特征点对应匹配为基础,通过基础矩阵计算和本质矩阵分解,进行道路交通事故摄影图像自标定三维重建。实验结果表明该模型可以在无现场标定参考点设置的情况下,用普通数码相机对道路交通事故现场进行三维重建,三维重建结果与实际三维数据仅相差一个比例因子。     

A Target-Orientated Marker Image Binarization Method for Orthopaedic Surgical Navigation System

Camera calibration is the key technique in a C-arm based orthopaedic surgical navigation system. The extraction of marker location information is a necessary step in the calibration process. Ideal marker images should possess uniform background and contain marker shadow only, but in fact marker images always possess nonuniform background and are contaminated by noise and unwanted anatomic information, making the extraction very difficult. A target-orientated marker shadow extraction method was proposed. With this method a proper threshold for marker image binarization can be determined.