铝合金货车侧墙多道焊变形预测

基于热弹塑性有限元法,对铝合金货车侧墙多道焊焊接变形进行仿真预测,仿真中充分考虑了材料热物理属性的影响．基于实体一壳单元混合模型,建立了侧墙有限元网格模型,应用3D高斯双椭球热源模型实现了焊接过程温度场分析．从工程实际出发设计了四种焊接顺序,通过对四种焊序下仿真结果的对比分析,讨论了不同焊接顺序对铝合金货车侧墙焊接成形的影响,为研究大型铝合金薄板焊接过程中的应力应变和减少焊接应力与变形提供了参考依据．     

Feature extraction and modeling of welding quality monitoring in pulsed gas touch argon welding based on arc voltage signal

Arc sensing plays a significant role in the control and monitoring of welding quality for aluminum alloy pulsed gas touch argon welding （GTAW）. A method for online quality monitoring based on adaptive boosting algorithm is proposed through the analysis of acquired arc voltage signal. Two feature extraction algorithms were developed in time domain and frequency domain respectively to extract six statistic characteristic parameters before removing the pulse interference using the wavelet packet transform （WPT）, based on which the Adaboost classification model is successfully established to evaluate and classify the welding quality into two classes and the classified accuracy of the model is as high as 98.81%. The Adaboost algorithm has been verified to be feasible in the online evaluation of welding quality.     

High Efficiency and Quality of Multi-Pass Tandem Gas Metal Arc Welding for Thick Al 5083 Alloy Plates

Multi-pass tandem gas metal arc welding(TGMAW) for Al 5083 alloy plates with 30 mm thickness is carried out to study its high efficiency and high quality. The welding process is evaluated by high-speed photographs and electrical signals. The deposition rate and welding time are calculated to characterize the welding efficiency. The bead formation, porosity, microstructure and mechanical properties are tested and analyzed. The results indicate that though arc deflection occurs due to the electromagnetic interference between two arcs during TGMAW process, it does not affect the welding process stability significantly. The deposition rate and welding time of TGMAW process are about 15 g/min larger and about 16.7% less than those of gas metal arc welding(GMAW)process respectively, accompanied by the reduction of heat input. The TGMAW welded joint has less porosity and more refined microstructure to contribute to the improvement of mechanical properties(micro-hardness, tensile strength and ductility). It can be concluded that TGMAW process yields excellent performance of welded joint with improved welding efficiency, which makes it extremely practical during welding of thick plates.     

沥青路面温差发电系统设计分析与试验研究

针对沥青路面集热研究现状,设计了一种利用导热铝片取代水流管网作为载热体的沥青路面温差发电系统,通过构建沥青路面集热数学模型、导热铝片传热数学模型和半导体温差发电数学模型等动态仿真模型,对系统进行理论分析和试验研究,结果表明采用导热铝片作为载热体可以增强沥青混凝土内的热量转移,从而降低路面的温度梯度,减少路面的热应力,同时温差发电模块可将路面热量转化为电能输出,作为城市市政工程用电的补充.     

Performance research of a micro-CCHP system with adsorption chiller

This paper describes a new micro-combined cooling,heating and power(CCHP) system,which is especially suitable for domestic and light commercial applications. It mainly consists of a natural gas-fired internal combustion engine,a silica gel-water adsorption chiller and other heat recovery units. In order to study the energy effciency and economic feasibility,an experimental investigation has been carried out. The experimental system has a rated electricity power of 12 kW,a rated cooling capacity of 9 kW and a rated heating capacity of 28 kW. Evaluation and analysis of the system are discussed in detail. The testing results show that the energy effciency of the overall system depends on different modes. The overall thermal and electrical effciency is over 70%. Higher heat load supplied causes higher effciency of the system. Economic evaluation shows that the micro-CCHP system enjoys a small capital cost and short payback period,which is easily accepted by customers. At current natural gas price of 1.9 RMB/m3(nominal condition) and electric price of 0.754 RMB/(kW·h) ,the total capital cost is only 90 000 RMB with a payback period of 3.21 years.     

Analytical Solution for Model-Based Dynamic Power Factor Measurement in AC Resistance Spot Welding

On the basis of welding transformer circuit model, a new measuring method was proposed. This method measures the peak angle of the welding current, and then calculates the dynamic power factor in each half-wave. An artificial neural network is trained and used to generate simulation data for the analytical solution, i.e. a high-order binary polynomial, which can be easily adopted to calculate the power factor online. The tailored sensing and computing system ensures that the method possesses a real-time computational capacity and satisfying accuracy. A DSP-based resistance spot welding monitoring system was developed to perform ANN computation. The experimental results suggest that this measuring method is feasible.     

串联半桥式场效应管弧焊逆变器可靠性分析

在建立了串联半桥式场效应晶体管弧焊逆变器主回路工作过程数学模型的基础上，讨论了电路主要参数对逆变器工作过程及其可靠性的影响，指出了弧焊逆变器设计中应注意的问题。     

Research on voids deformation welding condition for manufacturing of heavy forgings

Crushing and diffusion welding are two critical healing stages of interior void defects in heavy forgings. The healing result depends on many factors during the forging process, such as stress, temperature, deformation and type of material, while the void diffusion welding condition is still not well known at the present. This paper is concerned with the deformation welding condition of the closed void interface in heavy ingot during the hot forging process. A void crushing experiment is carried out to recognize the microstructure of the closed void interface. According to the healing mechanism at high temperature, a new physical simulation model is setup to study the deformation welding process of the closed void interface based on the theory of atom diffusion and the interface contact mechanics prototype. Compared with the experimental results, the influence of deformation degree, forming temperature and holding time on the welding quality is discussed, and then the deformation welding condition of closed void interface is presented. The proposed condition helps to improve forging technology and product quality.     

金属再结晶组织模拟及实验对比研究

金属再结晶过程计算机组织模拟,可以仿真实验中观测不到的组织演变细节,得到定量的特征参数,预报退火后的材料性能,指导热处理工艺设计。构建一个新的静态再结晶MC Potts模拟模型,并以1060铝合金为研究对象,进行再结晶模拟与实验对比研究。结果表明,1060铝合金表现出明显的再结晶特征,得到了近似等轴晶组织;新模型模拟的再结晶形核位置、组织形貌与实验结果一致,组织演变过程也与实验结果基本一致,但模拟的再结晶等轴晶与实验近似等轴晶不完全一致,模拟的再结晶速度也低于实验结果。     

搅拌摩擦焊工艺探索与研究

对铝合金薄板的对接、角接及圆筒纵缝进行了搅拌摩擦焊工艺实验。实验结果表明：搅拌焊头的结构形状、旋转速度及焊接速度是决定搅拌摩擦焊焊缝成型及接头组织、性能的重要因素。     

Thermal management controller for heat source temperature control and thermal management

In many heat recovery processes, temperature control of heat source is often required to ensure safety and high efficiency of the heat source equipment. In addition, the management of recovered heat is important for the proper use of waste heat. To this aim, the concept of thermal management controller (TMC), which can vary heat transfer rate via the volume variation of non-condensable gas, was presented. Theoretical model and experimental prototype were established. Investigation shows that the prototype is effective in temperature control. With water as the working fluid, the vapor temperature variation is only 1.3 ℃ when the heating power varies from 2.5 to 10.0 kW. In variable working conditions, this TMC can automatically adjust thermal allocation to the heat consumer.     

皮肤热疼痛感与伤害性刺激的关联性

目的构建一个能够量化皮肤热痛感的整体数学模型。方法通过考虑皮肤热力耦合行为以及目前神经学对疼痛感觉的理解开发一个量化热疼痛的整体数学模型。结果模型由3个相互连接的部分组成:有害刺激的神经末梢调制部分,通过神经冲动将来自伤害热刺激的能量转变为电能;传输部分,将这些神经信号从皮肤内的转换位置传输到脊髓和大脑;在脊髓和大脑中进行调制和感知部分。模型预测结果与文献中报导的实验数据吻合较好,验证了该模型的可行性和正确性。结论利用这个模型,可以建立热痛感水平和伤害刺激特性之间的定量关系。     

铝合金AL3003的激光焊接工艺研究

采用500瓦光纤激光器对动力电池的铝合金外壳进行了焊接。通过调节激光焊接速度、离焦量等工艺参数进行试验研究。结果表明,在激光功率一定时,焊接速度对焊接的熔深影响最大,而离焦量对焊缝的外观缺陷起到决定性作用。在速度为10mm/s以及离焦量为负0.3mm时得到最佳的焊接效果。     

泡沫铝压缩试验及等效仿真模型研究

为了研究泡沫铝结构在直升机耐坠性设计中的应用效果,本文基于万能材料试验机和霍普金森压杆分别对两种相对密度的闭孔泡沫铝在准静态（0.001/s）和高应变率下（500/s、1 000/s）的力学性能进行了测试;然后,建立了可反映应变率效应的泡沫铝等效有限元模型;最后,将泡沫铝等效模型应用于直升机驾驶舱耐坠性的仿真中,分析了置入不同密度泡沫铝等效模型后直升机受到的冲击和变形情况.结果表明：泡沫铝的平台应力以及质量比吸能随相对密度、应变率的增加而增加,但密实化应变则相反;泡沫铝等效有限元模型与实验结果曲线保持一致,模型准确性较高;此外,通过置入两种密度的泡沫铝材料,驾驶舱地板的最大变形量分别减少了28%和73%,机身部件的承载压力平均减少了28%和42%,高密度泡沫铝承载能力更强,效果更好.     

运行图驱动的城轨供电系统负荷过程动态仿真

针对城轨供电系统采用平铺运行图进行负荷过程仿真分析与实际负荷过程差别大，不能准确反应供电系统运营阶段的诸多问题，将运行图中各列车运行时分作为约束条件，建立列车定时节能运行的指标函数，以提高仿真模型准确性；基于固定阶梯级目标速度搜索算法优化列车操纵序列，还原多列车具有电气信息的运行轨迹；以实迹运行图为驱动，实现了供电系统正常运行与异常情形下的负荷过程仿真分析. 算例分析结果表明:基于实迹运行图的仿真结果与实测牵引变电所负荷过程曲线的Pearson相关系数在0.89以上，负荷过程特征值仿真与实测的最大误差不超过6.85%，较平铺运行图仿真结果准确度最高可提升12.91%.      

局部激光表面处理对7075铝合金疲劳性能影响的研究

7075铝合金以其独特的性能广泛应用于载运工具各个行业中,但是,铝合金在焊接后会出现疲劳强度降低的现象,这对载运工具的安全性产能生了消极影响。针对这一现象,采用局部激光表面处理法来改善7075铝合金的疲劳性能。对未处理试样和局部激光表面处理后试样的疲劳裂纹扩展速率的研究表明,局部激光表面处理能有效降低疲劳裂纹扩展速率,提高疲劳寿命。ANSYS有限元残余应力分析及硬度试验表明,局部激光表面处理后试样上形成的残余应力场和局部软化现象是疲劳裂纹扩展速率降低的主要因素。     

A Generalized Rough Set Modeling Method for Welding Process

Modeling is essential, significant and difficult for the quality and shaping control of arc welding process. A generalized rough set based modeling method was brought forward and a dynamic predictive model for pulsed gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) was obtained by this modeling method. The results show that this modeling method can well acquire knowledge in welding and satisfy the real life application. In addition, the results of comparison between classic rough set model and back-propagation neural network model respectively are also satisfying.     

Weld Models Incorporating the HAZ Phase Transformation Effects, Comparison between Experimental and Numerical Results

lIntroductionEleCtricit6deFrance,Framatomeandbureaudecontr6ledeschaudi6resnucl6aires,hadledaresearchprogramonweldingfinitO-elemotsimulatonforthedsterminatonofnuclearcomPonensresidualstressesandinparticuarforsomesteelwithmetallurgicaltransformations.OneofthemainstagesofthswOrkistovalidatethemechancalmodelsimPlatedinfinite-elemotcodeswithinwhichthemetallurgicaltransformationseffectsareincorporated.ThisisthepurposeofthePresentpaper.ThetWocodesusedhereareSysweld(Framatome)andCOdeAster(EDF).…     

6005A铝合金焊接接头的腐蚀行为

采用浸泡试验和电化学方法研究了6005A铝合金焊接接头在不同介质环境中的腐蚀行为,采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子能谱分析了焊缝微观组织和成分的变化．结果表明,由于ER5356焊丝Mg含量较高,致使焊缝中Mg含量高于母材,因此焊缝耐蚀性能低于母材;在浸泡试验中焊缝发生均匀腐蚀,表面呈多孔形貌,其对光线的反射明显弱于仅发生点蚀的母材,表现出焊缝发黑的现象;焊接接头在0．1MNaCl、0．1MNa2SO4和0．1MNaNO3溶液中的腐蚀速度为VNaCl〉VNa2SO4〉VNaNO3.     

FEM-BEM Coupling for the Modelling of Induction Heating Processes Including Moving Parts

IntroductiollAnyelectricalconductorplacedinatime-varyingmagneticfieldistheseatofeddycurrentsthatdissipatepowerthroughJouleeffect.ThispowerisconcentratedinthesurfaceofthecomPonent,inaverysmallthicknesswhichdependsontheelectricalconductivityandmagneticpermeabilityofthematerial,butalsoonthefrequencyofthecurrents.Inductionhardeningprocessestakeadvantageofthiseffectbecauseitthereforepossibletocontrolthethicknessofthetreatedlayer.InductionhardeningofsteelcomPonentsisrealisedintwosteps.First,anindu…