常温下间甲酚的厌氧降解研究

采用常温(26～30°C)上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器处理间甲酚废水,研究常温下颗粒污泥厌氧降解间甲酚的能力,UASB反应器降解间甲酚的极限浓度以及产气量的变化,探讨了采用UASB厌氧处理间甲酚废水的主要影响因素.试验结果证明,当HRT为18h时,UASB反应器可以降解的间甲酚浓度高达900mg/L(2250 m...     

上流式厌氧污泥床反应器的腐蚀与防护

由于上流式氧污泥床（UASB）内发生的反应主要属于化学过程的生物过程,因此UASB反应器内壁极易发生腐蚀,从而影响反应效果,降低设备使用寿命,增加维护费用。在分析上流式厌氧污泥床反应器的结构与工艺对腐蚀的作用的基础上,讨论了腐蚀机理,提出了应在改进防腐设计、采用耐腐蚀和对设备进行防腐处理等3个方面采取措施,从而防止UASB反应器内的腐蚀现象。     

单级自养脱氮膜生物反应器启动中的问题与分析

采用有效容积为23L单级自养脱氮膜生物反应器处理人工模拟高氨氮生活废水．以硝化污泥为接种污泥,实验温度为30℃,水力停留时间（HRT）24h,pH值7-8、溶解氧〈0．5mg/L条件下运行反应器,采用具有高效氧气传递效率特性的曝气膜管进行曝气和稳定性强的PVDF分离膜出水．进水氨氮容积负荷从0．012,0．029提升至0．058kg／（m^3·d）,氨氮去除率随着负荷增加呈现上升趋势,总氮去除率分别为20％、30％、50％,在一定程度上体现了单级自养脱氮膜生物反应器在处理高氨氮废水领域的优势与前景．另外,污泥浓度和溶解氧浓度控制是本实验两个需要解决的关键性问题．     

厌氧氨氧化耦合异养反硝化反应器的启动研究

针对城市生活污水含有氨氮和有机物的特点,试验考察了在UASB反应器内实现厌氧氨氧化耦合异养反硝化生物脱氮的可行性.80d以上的运行结果表明:以生活污水和外加亚硝酸盐为底物,反应器内可实现厌氧氨氧化和异养反硝化协同脱氮.NO2--N浓度控制是实现系统稳定运行的关键指标,经过优化,出水NH4+-N和NO2--N浓度均低于5mg/L,NH4+-N、NO2--N和总氮的去除率分别达到87.14%、85.48%和84.57%,总氮去除负荷则达到了1.2KgN/(m3·d).耦合脱氮体系的建立对于城市生活污水深度、高效脱氮系统的构建具有重要的参考价值.     

聚乙烯醇负载Keggin结构杂多酸光催化降解水中苯酚

采用化学自组装法制备聚乙烯醇负载Keggin结构的H3PW12O40和H4SiW12O40复合物膜并对水中苯酚进行光催化降解研究.对复合物的结构及光色性质进行表征,讨论了复合物膜的组成、用量、光照时间与TOC及苯酚去除率之间的关系.实验结果表明:以PW12/SiW12/聚乙烯醇制成的复合物膜,其组成为1:2(质量比)、用量为5g/L,光照2 h,10 mg/L水中苯酚去除率可达到50%左右,TOC去除率可达到30%～40%.     

微好氧EBPR系统污泥的同步脱氮及吸磷特性

反硝化聚磷菌在污水同步脱氮除磷,尤其有限碳源污水的处理,具有广阔的应用前景,而亚硝酸盐型反硝化除磷因仅将硝化进行到亚硝酸盐阶段可进一步降低污水的处理费用.采用一个2L的SBR反应器,通过控制好氧段溶解氧并调整NO_2~-投加时间,在EBPR系统内成功富集了兼具稳定除磷和脱氮性能的污泥,用以考察污泥的缺氧吸磷特性及同步脱氮能力.结果表明:微好氧条件下(DO=0.2mg/L)反应器具有很高的氮、磷去除性能,系统内的NH4~+-N能100%硝化且无NO_X~--N的积累,出水磷浓度低于0.5mg/L.此外,该除磷污泥能利用亚硝酸盐进行缺氧吸磷,NO_2~--N投加浓度为10mg/L和50mg/L时的最大比吸磷速率分别为最大比好氧吸磷速率的44.9%和87.2%.批式试验证明:NH4~+-N通过同步硝化反硝化而非厌氧氨氧化去除,但微好氧条件下氨氧化菌和亚硝酸盐氧化菌活性均较聚磷菌差,因此,低DO条件下,吸磷总是优先于氨氧化进行.     

低基质厌氧氨氧化反应器快速启动特征

利用厌氧SBR反应器处理NH~+_4-N和NO~-_2-N浓度分别为25±0.3 mg/L和33±0.5 mg/L的低基质模拟配水,在温度为30±1℃、pH为7.2±0.2条件下,采用污水处理厂厌氧消化污泥为试验接种污泥,通过6个阶段逐渐缩短水力停留时间(24 h→24 h→12 h→8 h→4 h→3 h),实现厌氧氨氧化反应器成功启动.结果表明:阶段Ⅰ(1～18 d)的菌体自溶和阶段Ⅱ(19～39 d)的活性停滞,造成出水NH~+_4-N先升高至68.7 mg/L,后逐渐稳定在25.0 mg/L,出水NO~-_2-N和NO~-_3-N几乎为零;阶段Ⅲ(40～54 d)和阶段Ⅳ(55～61 d)的活性提高,导致出水NO~-_2-N始终低于2.5 mg/L,出水NO~-_3-N逐渐增加至5.4 mg/L;阶段Ⅴ(62～75 d)的菌体活性稳定,使出水NH~+_4-N和NO~-_2-N均低于1 mg/L,出水NO~-_3-N逐渐增加至6.8 mg/L,总氮去除负荷达到最大值346.1 mg/(L·d),△NH~+_4-N∶△NO~-_2-N∶△NO~-_3-N为1∶1.34∶0.27,接近厌氧氨氧化反应理论计量比,标志着厌氧氨氧化反应器启动成功.     

硅钨酸光催化降解甲基橙溶液研究

以硅钨酸为光催化剂,研究了其对模拟染料废水甲基橙的光催化脱色降解影响.结果表明,酸度、催化剂投加量、溶液初始浓度是影响催化降解效果的重要因素.最佳催化条件为,10mg/L的甲基橙溶液在紫外灯辐照下,硅钨酸浓度0.4g/L,溶液酸度pH=1.其对甲基橙溶液光催化降解效果比磷钨酸差.     

高硫酸盐抗生素废水生物处理

采用0.6m3/d的酸相up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket（UASB）-气提脱硫-甲烷相UASB-se-quencing batch reactor（SBR）工艺处理高硫酸盐抗生素废水,硫酸盐还原与有机物甲烷化分别在两个反应器中进行,有效避免了硫酸盐还原菌对产甲烷菌的竞争抑制,利用空气吹脱将硫酸盐还原产物硫化物降低到一定浓度,消除了硫化物对后续单元产甲烷菌的毒害作用.80 d试验结果表明,当系统稳定运行时,进水CODCr为10 680～14 140 mg/L,SO42-为1 280～1 610 mg/L时,系统出水CODCr为760～1 020 mg/L,CODCr平均去除率为92.8%,SO42-为160～210 mg/L,平均去除率为87.7%,硫化物浓度在1.8～2.9 mg/L,平均去除率在97.1%.该系统可大大削减进水中的有机物、SO42-及反应过程中的硫化物,该系统作为高硫酸盐抗生素废水处理预处理工艺是可行的.     

蚯蚓粪生物反应器去除H_2S气体试验研究

为探究蚯蚓粪能有效处理硫化氢气体,以污泥基蚯蚓粪为填料,采用卧式生物反应器去除H_2S气体,考察蚯蚓粪对H_2S的去除效果,研究气体停留时间和容积负荷对H_2S去除率的影响及生物降解宏观动力学.结果表明:蚯蚓粪为载体卧式生物反应器在启动运行6 d后,H_2S去除率可接近100%.当气体停留时间76～106 s,进气浓度100～500 mg/m~3,H_2S容积负荷高达400. 6 g/(m~3·d)时,H_2S去除效率稳定在90%以上;蚯蚓粪吸附降解H_2S的最大表观去除速率(Vm)和表观半饱和常数(Ks)分别为1 428. 6 g/(m~3·d)、417. 1 mg/m~3.通过分析可知,卧式蚯蚓粪生物反应器能高效处理H_2S气体,且具有较强的抗负荷冲击能力.     

升流式厌氧污泥床反应器结构优化模型及其应用

根据升流式厌氧污泥床（ＵＡＳＢ）反应器的简化流型,建立了其结构优化模型,通过求解并分析,得到如下结构：（１）在反应器结构设计中,为了提高容积效率,应着力于反应器布水装置和三相分离器的技术开发;（２）由于常规ＵＡＢＳ反应器在提高水力负荷上难有突破,故应开发ＵＡＳＢ反应器与其它工艺结构的组合形式。     

STUDY ON MAXIMUM SPECIFIC SLUDGE ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT ANAEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE BY BATCH TESTS

IntroductionGranular sludge UASB (Up- flow AnaerobicSludge Bed) reactor is the most widely used anaer-obic waste water treatmentreactor in the world.Itbelongs to the second generation of modern anaero-bic reactor. EGSB(Expanded Granular SludgeBed) reactor is an even higher efficient anaerobicwastewater treatment reactor,which is developedin the past ten years based on the UASB technolo-gy.It belongs to the third generation of modernanaerobic reactor. EGSB includes two kinds oftypes:I…     

STUDY ON MAXIMUM SPECIFIC SLUDGE ACIVITY OF DIFFERENT ANAEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE BY BATCH TESTS

The maximum specific sludge activity of granular sludge from large-scale UASB, IC and Biobed anaerobic reactors were investigated by batch tests. The limitation factors related to maximum specific sludge activity (diffusion, substrate sort, substrate concentration and granular size) were studied. The general principle and procedure for the precise measurement of maximum specific sludge activity were suggested. The potential capacity of loading rate of the IC and Biobed anaerobic reactors were analyzed and compared by use of the batch tests results.     

Kinetics of municipal sewage degradation in EGSB and UASB reactors at 10℃

Kinetics of municipal sewage degradation in Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) and Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactors at 10℃ were investigated via continuous experimental equipments. The results indicated that the whole reaction process can be simulated by the first-order dynamic equation model. Dynamic parameters such as k, Vmax and Ks of UASB in hydrolysis acidification stage were 1.08 d-1, 2.8 d-1 and 372 mg/L comparing to those of 1.18 d-1, 3.5 d-1 and 112 mg/L in the methanogenesis stage respectively. The EGSB's k, Vmax and Ks were 2.91 d-1, 14.3 d-1 and 470 mg/L in the hydrolysis acidification stage comparing to those of 1.68 d-1, 6.6 d-1 and 103 mg/L in the methanogenesis stage respectively. Comparison of k values of the two stages in UASB and EGSB indicates that hydrolysis acidification stage is the controlling step for the whole reaction process of UASB, while methanogenesis stage is the controlling step in EGSB. Compared with UASB, municipal sewage treatment by EGSB at 10 ℃ can reach the same effluent requirement with lower retention time due to its effluent recirculation.     

新型一体化反应器的启动及其脱氮性能初试

提出一种新型的一体化生物膜反应器用于生活污水脱氮的处理,考察了反应器启动阶段出水的变化.生物膜驯化成熟后,考察了系统对总氮的去除效果,结果表明在水力停留时间为24 h,进水总氮37.69 mg/L时,反应器总氮去除率达到85％.此状态下,对反应器单个运行周期的脱氮特性进行了考察,结果表明连续出水水质稳定,氨氮去除率达到98％,出水氨氮基本维持在1 mg/L以下.     

硼泥复合混凝剂处理乳制品废水

对硼泥复合混凝剂用于乳制品废水进行了研究,对影响混凝效果的混凝剂用量、PH、搅拌时间、沉降时间和温度进行了讨论,结果表明,当硼泥投加量为10mg/L时,COD去除率605,浊度去除率80％。     

Effect of temperature, chloride ions and sulfide ions on the electrochemical properties of 316L stainless steel in simulated cooling water

The influence of temperature, chloride ions and sulfide ions on the anticorrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel in simulated cooling water was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and anodic polarization curves. The results show that the film resistance increases with the solution temperature but decreases after 8 days＇ immersion, which indicates that the film formed at higher temperature has inferior anticorrosion behavior; Chloride ions and sulfide ions have remarkable effects on the electrochemical property of 316L stainless steel in simulated cooling water and the pitting potential declines with the concentration of chloride ions; the passivation current has no obvious effect; the rise of the concentration of sulfide ions obviously increases the passivation current, but the pitting potential changes little, which indicates that the two types of ions may have different effects on destructing passive film of stainless steel. The critical concentration of chloride ions causing anodic potential curve＇s change in simulated cooling water is 250 mg/L for 316 L stainless. The effect of sulfide ions on the corrosion resistance behavior of stainless steel is increasing the passivation current density Ip. The addition of 6 mg/L sulfide ions to the solution makes Ip of 316 L increase by 0.5 times.