慢性肾功能不全患者血清一氧化氮水平及其在血液透析中的变化

应用硝酸还原酶法检测了 31例慢性肾功不全患者及 2 6例血液透析( HD)患者血透过程中血清一氧化氮 ( s- NO)水平的变化。结果表明 :慢性肾衰患者 s-NO水平明显升高 ( P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;合并高血压组 s- NO水平低于无高血压组 ( P <0 .0 5 ) ;HD过程中 s- NO浓度逐渐下降 ,HD2 h、HD4h与透析前比较差别显著 ( P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;透析过程中血压升高与 s- NO下降有一定关系。结论 :慢性肾功衰竭患者 s-NO水平升高可能与肾功能明显减退有关 ;HD能清除硝酸盐 ,透析中 s- NO下降可能是导致透析中血压升高的原因之一。     

The Adhesion Improvement of Cubic Boron Nitride Film on High Speed Steel Substrate Implanted by Boron Element

Cubic boron nitride（c-BN） films were deposited on W6Mo5Cr4V2 high speed steel（HSS） substrate implanted with boron ion by RF-magnetron sputtering. The films were analyzed by the bending beam method, scratch test, XPS and AFM. The experimental results show that the implantation of boron atom can reduce the internal stress and improve the adhesion strength of the films. The critical load of scratch test rises to 27.45 N, compared to 1.75 N of c-BN film on the unimplanted HSS. The AFM shows that the surface of the c-BN film on the implanted HSS is low in roughness and small in grain size. Then the composition of the boron implanted layer was analyzed by the XPS. And the influence of the boron implanted layer on the internal stress and adhesion strength of c-BN films were investigated.     

先天性巨结肠症EDN-3及EDNRB基因结构的PCR-SSCP分析

目的　检测中国散发先天性巨结肠症是否有EDNRB基因和EDN 3基因突变 ,以探讨EDNRB及EDN 3与HD发生的关系。方法　 34例中国散发先天性巨结肠症。提取手术组织标本基因组DNA ,聚合酶链反应 (PCR)扩增EDNRB基因第 3、4、6外显子和EDN - 3基因第 1、2外显子 ,单链构象多态 (SSCP)分析上述外显子是否有突变。结果　 1 3例短段型先天性巨结肠症中 ,2例有EDNRB基因突变 ,1例有EDN 3基因突变。普通型及长段型未见EDNRB基因和EDN 3基因突变。结论　中国散发先天性巨结肠症短段型有EDNRB基因和EDN 3基因突变 ,提示EDNRB基因、EDN 3基因与先天性巨结肠症的发生有关     

Novel experimental strategy for high resolution AFM imaging of membrane-associated bacterial toxins

Bacterial pore-forming toxins （PFTs） are essential virulence factors of many human pathogens. Knowl- edge of their structure within the membrane is critical for an understanding of their function in pathogenesis and for the development of useful therapy. Atomic force microscopy （AFM） has often been employed to structurally interrogate many membrane proteins, including PFTs, owing to its ability to produce sub-nanometer resolution images of samples under aqueous solution. However, an absolute prerequisite for AFM studies is that the samples are single-layered and closely-packed, which is frequently challenging with PFTs. Here, using the prototypical member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin family of PFTs, perfringolysin O （PFO）, as a test sample, we have developed a simple, highly robust method that routinely produces clean, closely-packed samples across the entire specimen surface. In this approach, we first use a small Teflon well to prepare the supported lipid bilayer, remove the sample from the well, and then directly apply the proteins to the bilayer. For reasons that are not clear, bilayer preparation in the Teflon well is essential. We anticipate that this simple method will prove widely useful for the preparation of similar samples, and thereby enable AFM imaging of the greatest range of bacterial PFTs to the highest possible resolution.     

Characteristics of Trihalomethanes in Water Distribution System

To investigate the characteristics of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in an actual water distribution system using the raw water with high bromide ion concentration, the composition and concentration of trihalomethanes (THMs) formed by chlorination of the water in the presence of bromide ion were measured in a city water distribution system during one year. The results show that brominated THMs contributed a great part (83%-89%) to the index for additive toxicity (ATI) and resulted in the ATI of most of the samples exceeding WHO guideline standard for total THMs (TTHMs), especially during the summer (rainy season). This indicates that the chlorination of water in the presence of bromide ion leaded to high ratios of brominated THMs to TTHMs. However, a visible increase in the concentration of THMs with increasing residence time in the distribution system was not observed. Additionally, based on alternatives analysis, packed tower aeration method is proposed to reduce THMs level of the finished water leaving the treatment plant.     

Morphology of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes

IntroductionDue to their potential application in lithium-ion secondary batteries[1] and other electrochemicaldevices[2 ] ,gel polymer electrolytes have attractedmuch interest in recent years.There were manykinds of polymeric materials being developed aspolymeric hosts for gelelectrolytes. Polyvinylidenefluoride( PVDF) is one of three kinds of matrixthat can be commercially applied[3 ,4] ,and the oth-ers are polyacrylonitrile ( PAN) and poly( methylmethacrylate) ( PMMA) .There were many r…     

MUTATION OF THE ENDOTHELIN-B RECEPTOR AND THE ENDOTHELIN-3 GENE IN CHINESE SPORADIC CASES OF HIRSCHSPRUNGS DISEASE

Objective To investigate the mutation of endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) gene and endothelin-3 (EDN-3) gene in sporadic Hirschsprung's disease (HD) in Chinese population. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from bowel tissues of 34 unrelated HD patients which were removed by surgery. Exon 3, 4, 6 of EDNRB gene and Exon 1, 2 of EDN-3 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP).Results EDNRB mutations were detected in 2 of the 13 short-segment HDs. One mutant was in the exon 3; the other one was in the exon 6. EDN-3 mutation was detected in 1 of the 13 short-segment HDs and in the exon 2. Both EDNRB mutation and EDN-3 mutation were detected in one short-segment HD. No mutations were detected in the ordinary or long-segment HD. Conclusion The mutations of EDNRB gene and EDN-3 gene are found in the short-segment HD of sporadic Hirschsprung's disease in Chinese population, which suggests that the EDNRB gene and EDN-3 gene play important roles in the pathogenesis of HD. the mutations of EDNRB and EDN-3 lead to the maldevelopment of the enteric nervous system.     

青海盐湖区路基结构层级配及其阻盐效果

青海盐湖地区的路基工程处于隐蔽性盐风化作用强烈的寒旱岩土环境. 分别采取青海茶卡盐湖地区工程建设层天然盐渍土土样和已建路基结构土层土样，研究青海盐渍土地区路基结构防护盐风化作用的效果. 通过易溶盐含量测定、颗粒分析实验和毛细管水上升实验，对青海茶卡盐渍土区路基结构土层中的毛细管水上升最大高度开展理论计算. 研究表明:青海茶卡地区盐渍土中毛细水上升高度大于一般土中毛细水上升高度，细粒组（0.250～0.075 mm）含量有利于水盐运移上升，粗粒组（> 0.250 mm）含量不利于水盐运移上升；在水盐运移和汽盐运移双重作用下，茶卡盐渍土地区路基结构土层均出现次生盐渍化现象，建议在茶卡盐渍土地区的路基工程中，设置卵砾石阻盐隔断层的粒组级配范围控制在2.0～5.0 mm之间，该粒组含量大于75%，厚度在300.0～1000.0 mm为宜；阻盐隔断层的设置位于路堤上部，高于一般路基规范中规定的高度，可以提高阻止水盐运移上升、增强汽盐淋滤作用的效果.      

细胞凋亡相关抗原Fas和Bcl-2在自身免疫性甲状腺病甲状腺组织中的表达

目的　研究Fas,Bcl 2抗原在Graves病 (GD)和桥本氏病 (HD)的表达 ,探讨细胞凋亡在自身免疫性甲状腺病 (AITD)发病中的作用。方法　粗针穿刺获得病人甲状腺组织标本 ,颈部手术时取正常甲状腺组织作为对照 ;采用SABC免疫组化方法原位观察Fas,Bcl 2抗原的表达。结果　两种AITD甲状腺细胞Fas抗原的表达均较正常对照增强 ,GDBcl 2抗原表达也较正常对照增强 ,HDBcl 2表达强度与正常对照无明显差异 ;GD与HD相比较 ,GD甲状腺细胞Fas,Bcl 2抗原表达均强于HD。在HD ,Fas抗原表达较Bcl 2表达明显增强 ,但在GD ,Fas抗原表达与Bcl 2表达强度无显著差异。结论　由Fas介导的细胞凋亡在HD发病中起重要作用 ,在GD ,Fas诱导细胞凋亡的作用可能被Bcl 2对抗。     

同一膀胱癌的三个亚细胞株和BIU-87膀胱癌细胞株的化疗药物敏感性研究

用未经化疗的同一膀胱癌手术标本建立的三株膀胱癌细胞株 (BL Z2 11、BL S2 11、BL X2 11)和人膀胱移行细胞癌细胞株 BIU- 87进行了氟尿啶啶 (5- Fu)、顺氯氨铂 (CDDP)、和长春新碱 (VCR)的敏感性试验。结果表明 :四株膀胱癌细胞株对这三种化疗药物的敏感性存在差异。当药物浓度分别为其临床用量的计算值时 ,BL Z2 11细胞株对 5- Fu高度敏感 ,与其它三株细胞的敏感性存在显著差异(P <0 .0 5) ;四株细胞对 CDDP均敏感 ;对 VCR四株细胞均耐药。提示 :对化疗敏感性的差异不仅存在于不同的肿瘤病人 ,而且也存在同一肿瘤标本的不同细胞群体中。因此 ,化疗前进行药敏试验 ,实行用药个体化对提高疗效有重要作用。     

应用形态学方法提高SAR目标检测中的聚类效果

Lincoln实验室提出的SAR(synthetic aperture radar)ATR(automatic target recognition)算法由于其经典性而被广泛采用,该算法为三级结构模式,处于其中Prescreener级和Discriminator级之间的聚类算法对于检测算法整体性能有重要的影响,文中介绍了SAR ATR算法采用的常规聚类算法,分析了常规算法在聚类过程中存在的杂波干扰问题,针对问题在聚类前引入形态学操作方法,将待聚类图像中包含的孤立点删除而只保留团状分布的样本,从而消除了杂波点对聚类的干扰,基于实际SAR图像的聚类结果验证了应用形态学方法对提高聚类效果的有效性.     

不同血液净化方式透析效果及对营养状态的影响

目的探讨不同血液净化方式的透析效果及对长期血液透析患者营养状态的影响。方法将20例晚期肾病患者,随机分为2组:HD组应用标准血液透析治疗;HDF/HD组采用2次血液透析+1次血液透析滤过(HDF)。比较两组患者治疗前后血清尿素、磷、β2-MG、血浆白蛋白(Alb)、前白蛋白(PA)、转铁蛋白(TF)、血红蛋白(Hb)、平均动脉压、Bun及Cr的变化,以及患者对治疗的耐受性。分别计算KT/v及PCR值。结果经过血液透析滤过治疗5个月,患者精神好转、食欲增加、体力恢复、自理能力增强。HDF/HD组与HD组比较,血清磷、β2-MG、KT/v明显降低,血浆白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白和血红蛋白均明显升高;PCR值两组之间无明显差异。结论HDF治疗效果好,能明显改善患者的透析充分性和营养状态,是值得向长期维持性血透患者推荐的透析方式之一。     

西安市大气总悬浮颗粒物及金属元素污染研究

根据西安市城市功能分区选择 4个点采集大气样品 ,测定总悬浮颗粒物 (TSP)及其中Pb、Mn、Ni、Cr、Cd五种金属元素的浓度。结果表明 ,西安市大气 TSP采暖期浓度显著高于非采暖期 (P <0 .0 5)。草滩大气 TSP浓度在采暖期和非采暖期显著低于开关厂、纺织城、市监测站 (P <0 .0 5)。5种金属元素浓度由高到低依次为 Pb、Mn、Cr、Ni、Cd,其中 Cr、Ni、Cd的浓度采暖期比非采暖期显著升高 (P <0 .0 5)。提示西安市大气 TSP污染是一个严重、亟待解决的问题 ,其中燃煤是造成大气污染的重要原因之一     

Direct resolution of the pitch of DNA on positively charged lipid bilayers by frequency-modulation AFM

High resolution structural studies of DNA and DNA binding proteins by atomic force microscopy (AFM) require well-bound samples on suitably flat substrates. Adsorbing the DNA onto a positively charged supported lipid bilayer has previously been shown to be a potentially effective strategy for structural studies with AFM. Here, using our home-built frequency-modulation AFM (FM-AFM), we show that these bilayer substrates are only maximally effective for high resolution AFM when the samples are short, linear DNA, compared with circular plasmid DNA. We find that, with the former sample, the measured width of the DNA is about 2 nm, the known DNA diameter, and there is a clear height modulation along the length of the DNA with a periodicity of about 3.4 nm, in excellent agreement with the known pitch of the double helix. This sample preparation strategy is expected to enable higher resolution studies of DNA and DNA binding proteins with FM-AFM than that can presently be achieved.     

NOVEL PHOSPHORYLATION SITES OF EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR－4E AND EVIDENCE THAT PHOSPHORYLATION STABILIZES INTERACTIONS OF T

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ENHANCING ADHESION OF TETRAHEDRAL AMORPHOUS CARBON FILMS

TheperformanceoftheTACfilmsdeposited bytheFCVAisbetterthanthatofthediamond like carbonfilms[1,2],becausetheformerisofhigher hardnessandtransparency,smallerfriction coefficientandabsorbingtheultravioletraymore easily,etc.[3].Thesecharacteristicsaresimilart…     

新型混凝土外加剂抗渗性能研究

针对铁路隧道结构防水问题，本文引进一种新型混凝土外加剂。通过抗压强度、渗透高度比、盐雾试验和6h库仑电量法测试，结果表明该外加剂不仅能提高混凝土的强度，而且在混凝土抗渗透性方面有明显的效果，可以有效地解决隧道混凝土结构渗漏水问题。     

Serum levels of RBP4 might not be determined by diabetes mellitus but by kidney function and renal replacement therapy

It has been reported that retinol-binding protein 4(RBP4) is associated to adiposity,insulin resistance,and type 2 diabetes.Meanwhile,circulating RBP4 levels are also affected by renal function.The aim of the present study is to investigate whether serum levels of RBP4 are primarily associated with different stages of chronic kidney disease(CKD) or type 2 diabetes,if there is more potential relevance between RBP4 and renal replacement therapy.The serum levels of RBP4 were assessed by commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kit in 212 patients with the CKD stages 1—5 and in 24 healthy controls,while its correlation with clinical and metabolic parameters was analyzed.The serum level of RBP4 had a strong correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate(e GFR)(P 0.001).Stratified by e GFR and treatment,no more differences in RBP4 serum concentration were detected between type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects [CKD stages 1—5,non-dialysis(ND),hemodialysis(HD) and peritoneal dialysis(PD);P 0.05 for all].The elevation of RBP4 become higher in HD than in PD and ND in CKD5 patients(P = 0.008 and P = 0.04,respectively),while there was no significant difference between PD and ND groups.Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated three independent predictors of e GFR(β =-0.676,P 0.001),C-reactive protein(CRP)(β =-0.573,P 0.001) and creatine(β = 0.509,P = 0.024) in the study population.The study results demonstrated that the serum level of RBP4 was negatively related to the e GFR,whether diabetes mellitus(DM) affected the blood concentration of RBP4 or not.And the serum level of RBP4 exhibited significant difference in different renal replacement therapies.     

PREPARATION OF HOLLOW LATEX PARTICLES BY ALKALI-ACID TREATMENT

IntroductionPolymer blends by emulsion polymerizationhave appeared as extremely important materialsand increased attraction for both academic and in-dustrial researchers.These blends rang from com-pletely homogeneous ones to phase- separatedones.Morphological configuration of these poly-mers is a key factor in determining the physicalproperties of the materials[1] . It is important forpreparation of polymer latex particles to controlthe polymer latex particle morphology.Polymer latex particle…     

含盐施工用水对路基填料工程特性的累加效应

针对不同含盐量的砾类硫酸盐渍土, 开展了在加入不同次数、不同含盐类型的施工用水工况下的大型压缩试验、盐胀试验、溶陷试验; 试验以现场调查数据为依据, 基于现场原位土配制了加入不同含盐施工用水类型、不同加入次数的试验土样, 观测不同土样分别在400 kPa荷载条件下、单次降温条件下以及加水溶陷条件下的变形量随时间的变化特点; 分析了多次添加含盐施工用水对砾类硫酸盐渍土工程性质的影响机理。研究结果表明: 随着含盐施工用水加入次数的增加, 砾类硫酸盐渍土的压缩变形呈现先增大后逐渐稳定的趋势, 其压缩模量表现出典型的3阶段变化规律, 且这种规律与含盐施工用水的含盐类型无关; 在降温影响下, 含硫酸盐施工用水的逐渐加入使砾类硫酸盐渍土的盐胀量呈现先显著增加后趋于稳定的趋势, 盐胀量最大增加了7.9倍, 含氯盐施工用水的逐步加入使土样的盐胀量先明显降低后趋于稳定, 最终盐胀量仅为原盐渍土盐胀量的1/13, 且含盐施工用水的加入对砾类硫酸盐渍土的盐胀特性有明显累加效应; 随着含盐施工用水加入次数的增加, 土样的溶陷变形呈不断累加趋势。可见, 盐渍土地区含盐施工用水中的易溶盐即使含量较少, 但多次使用产生的累加效应明显, 亦会对路基工程特性产生较大影响, 在施工过程中需采取预防措施。