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目前,自动驾驶技术在乘用车领域已获得突破性发展;为提高通行效率和出行安全起到了极大的作用。自动驾驶技术在商用车领域的应用,有望较好解决高昂的人力成本和难以提高的效率等问题。然而,目前自动驾驶技术在货车的应用大多采用跟乘用车同样的标准进行规范,这在实际应用中存在着诸多的问题;例如,在FCW和AEB功能中货车在相同车速的制动距离要远大于乘用车,而其所采用标准规定的碰撞预警时间却并无多大不同,这在实际场景中存在着较大的安全隐患[1,2]。此外,货车质量和体积较大,且较多应用于长途运输,运输过程中会经历包括高温、严寒、山区等多种复杂气候场景,这些都将对货车自动驾驶技术在车辆制动效能、能耗以及多场景应用等方面提出更有针对性规范的要求。本文针对货车的应用场景特点,为其自动驾驶技术应用标准化提出了建议。 相似文献
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《交通建设与管理》2014,(9)
<正>0控制日前,交通运输部安委会发布《交通运输安全生产事故报告(2013年)》(简称《报告》)。《报告》显示,2013年,全国道路、水路运输以及交通运输工程建设领域发生一次死亡3人及以上的安全生产事故280.5起(件)水路运输领域运输船舶与非运输船舶碰撞事故记为0.5件,死亡失踪1336人,同比分别下降25%和28.4%,安全生产形势稳中趋好。《报告》指出,2013年,交通运输安全生产事故防控取得初步成效,道路客运重特大事故降幅明显,实现了特别重大道路客运事故的"零控制";发生在国省干线公路的道路运输事故大幅下降,水上客运船舶事故多发态势得到有效遏制;道路运输车辆碰撞、追尾,水上交通商渔船碰撞等重点事故类型造成的人员伤亡显著减少。 相似文献
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车辆信号灯对行车安全有重要的警示作用,现有的载货汽车不具备完善的信号灯故障动态监测预警功能。为在车辆行驶过程中对信号灯故障进行实时动态监测预警,设计了一种基于单片机控制、多传感器输入的车辆信号灯故障监测预警装置,基于信号灯工作原理的差异分别提出了信号灯故障0-1监测法、积分判别法和最小值判别法。以解放赛龙CA1169PK2L2EA80重型载货汽车为试验车,Freescale MC9S12XEP100单片机为车载终端构建了车辆信号灯故障监测试验系统平台。利用TES-1339R照度计分析了不同光照强度的外界光源对系统监测结果的影响,并采用故障预设的试验方法针对制动和转向信号灯分别采用不同的故障判别方法进行实车试验。试验结果表明:0-1监测法可以准确监测制动灯故障信号;积分判别法和最小值判别法适用于转向灯故障监测,最小值判别法较积分判别法监测转向灯故障分辨率高。该系统实现了车辆信号灯故障实时动态监测及声光预警,为预防由信号灯故障引发的道路交通事故提供了一种新方法。 相似文献
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针对交通安全现状及国内外交通预警发展现状的分析,阐明建立交通事故预警系统的必要性。分析了基于人、车、路、环境四要素的道路交通事故的成因,根据交通事故预警系统设计原则和建立预警系统的目的,采用相关理论,选用合适的交通信息采集技术,建立了交通事故预警系统。该系统包括驾驶员预警子系统、车辆防撞预警子系统、车辆状况预警子系统、道路安全预警子系统和交通气象预警子系统。 相似文献
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Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD). An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip. It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links. 相似文献
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This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress. 相似文献
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明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。 相似文献
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In India pedestrians usually cross the road at mid-block crosswalks due to ease of access to their destination or the development of adjacent land use types such as shopping, business areas, school and residential areas. The behaviour of pedestrian will change with respect to different land use type and this change in behaviour of pedestrian further reflects change in perceived level of service (LOS). So, it is important to evaluate the quality of service of such crossing facilities with respect to different land-use type under mixed traffic conditions. In this framework, pedestrian perceived LOS were collected with respect to different land-use type such as shopping, residential and business areas. The ordered probit (OP) model was developed by using NLOGIT software package, with number of vehicles encountered, road crossing difficulty as well as safety considered as primary factors along with pedestrian individual factors (gender and age), land-use type and roadway geometry. From the model results, it has been concluded that perceived safety, crossing difficulty, land-use condition, number of vehicles encountered, median width and number of lanes have significant effect on pedestrian perceived LOS at unprotected (un-signalized) mid-block crosswalks in mixed traffic scenario. The inferences of these results highlights the importance of land use planning in designing a new set of pedestrian access facilities for unprotected mid-block crosswalks under mixed traffic conditions. Also the study results would be useful for evaluating pedestrian accessibility taking into account different land-use type and planning required degree of segregation with vehicular movement at unprotected mid-block crosswalk locations. 相似文献
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管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一(各因素的分值范围都是0~100分),为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。 相似文献