道路施工安全管理探讨

道路施工由于其施工周期长、工程量大、流动性大、工序复杂,在其施工过程中有很多因素与其施工安全相关。以道路施工安全为主线,分析了道路施工中安全施工致因理论,探讨了道路施工过程安全施工事故因素分析,提出了道路施工安全管理的对策。     

公路桥梁施工技术应用

结合工程实例,在阐述大桥总体施工方案的基础上,从桩孔开挖及护壁施工、承台施工、桥墩施工、盖梁施工、桥面系施工等方面探讨桥梁施工技术,可为相关桥梁施工提供参考借鉴。     

市政道路桥梁施工中现场施工技术的应用与管理

为有效提高市政道路桥梁工程质量与施工过程的安全性,对现场施工技术的应用与施工管理措施进行研究。首先,总结市政道路桥梁工程的特点;其次,对市政道路桥梁现场施工技术进行分析,包括软土地基施工技术、翻模施工技术、混凝土施工技术、铺装连锁块施工技术、排水施工技术等;最后,提出市政道路桥梁现场施工管理对策,以期为市政道路桥梁施工与管理提供参考。     

公路工程机械施工技术和安全管理要点分析

为提高公路工程机械施工质量,保证施工过程的安全性和施工质量,对公路工程机械施工技术和机械施工安全管理要点进行分析。首先,从挖掘机施工技术、压路机施工技术、沥青摊铺机施工技术等方面,对公路工程机械施工技术要点进行分析;其次,指出公路工程机械施工安全管理常见问题,包括人员素质待提高、安全管理体系待完善;最后,从提高人员综合素养、完善安全管理体系、优化公路工程机械施工安全管理模式等方面分析公路工程机械施工安全管理要点,以期为公路工程机械施工提供参考。     

基于高速公路桥梁现浇箱梁支架施工技术分析

文章以某高速公路桥梁工程施工资料为研究背景,从施工主要依据、场地准备、施工方案确定、施工要点与施工质量控制等方面,详细论述了现浇箱梁支架施工技术在高速公路桥梁工程中的应用,通过实践可知,该箱梁支架施工技术的应用,能够提高施工质量,对促进企业发展意义重大。     

绿色施工技术在道路桥梁施工中的应用

目前,我国的科学技术正处在一个良好的发展阶段,绿色施工的观念被大众所熟知,人们愈发重视绿色施工技术,在道路桥梁工程施工的过程中普遍采取绿色施工的技术。在进行道路桥梁工程施工中通过应用绿色施工的技术,可以有效推进我国建筑领域的良好发展。文章主要简述了绿色施工的含义,道路桥梁施工中应用绿色施工技术的注意事项,以及绿色施工技术在道路桥梁施工中的具体应用,希望能够给相关的工作人员一些建议。     

公路路基施工技术探讨

路基施工技术决定路基施工质量的好坏,因此要对其给予足够的重视。基于公路路基常用施工技术,从路基挖方、填方及排水防护工程对路基施工进行了分析,同时对软土及过湿土路基施工和路基排水及防护技术加以探讨,指出施工技术人员只有从施工管理着手,充分掌握好路基施工技术要点,重视施工过程中的每一个细节,才能从根本上提高公路的施工质量,延长公路的使用寿命。     

高速公路桥梁施工安全管理对策及环保措施

在高速公路桥梁施工过程中,采用安全环保的施工方式,不仅能够有效提高施工质量,而且还能有效控制施工对生态环境造成的不利影响。因此,文章以安全环保施工方法为研究对象,从加强公路施工过程的安全管理目的出发,深入阐述了公路桥梁安全、环保的施工方法,希望提高施工安全的同时,减少施工过程对周围环境的影响。     

公路工程路桥施工中混凝土施工技术分析

混凝土施工技术在公路工程路桥施工中起重要作用,为进一步提升公路工程路桥施工质量,对混凝土施工技术进行分析。首先,总结混凝土施工技术对公路工程路桥施工质量的影响;其次,提出混凝土配合比优化策略;最后,分析混凝土施工要点,包括混凝土拌和与输送、混凝土浇筑、混凝土养护技术等,以期为公路工程路桥施工提供参考,有效规避公路工程路桥施工中的质量通病。     

水泥混凝土路面施工技术在公路工程中的应用

笔者结合施工经验,从论述公路工程水泥混凝土路面施工技术的基本含义出发,分别阐述了混凝土施工前的准备工作、水泥混凝土路面施工技术等方面,探讨了公路工程施工中水泥混凝土路面施工技术的应用,以供参考.     

Survey of R&D in PRT systems

A survey of research and development in advanced transit has been made by Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in cooperation with Trans21 in Boston. Summary findings are reported for fourteen academic research programs and ten development programs for PRT. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference of PRT and other Emerging Systems held in Minneapolis in 1996.     

The Impact of Container Type Diversification on Regional British Port Development Strategies

Abstract

Despite a concentration of container traffic in the southeast of the UK over the last few decades, regional ports are attempting new development strategies to capture or retain specific traffic segments. These include intra-European short-sea traffic and a potentially increasing feeder market. These trends are reflected in the movement of different container types, which result in a number of planning challenges related to changing infrastructural and operational requirements. This paper uses highly disaggregated data on container type movements to address three issues that can inform these planning challenges. First, the imbalance of trade resulting in empty container repositioning; second, the requirement for gauge-cleared rail routes to cater for the increasing proportion of high-cube containers; and third, the specialisation of European short-sea traffic at secondary UK ports. The results reveal the disproportionate repositioning of empty containers at Scottish ports and the importance of 45?ft, high-cube and pallet-wide containers at regional ports, highlighting their focus on intra-European short-sea traffic and raising difficulties relating to their lower quality of landside infrastructure (particularly rail) in comparison to the large south-eastern ports. The potential repercussions on hinterland infrastructure development raise questions about both public and private sector responses to regional port development.     

Modular route bus design – A method of meeting transport operation and vehicle manufacturing requirements

This research examines the problem of route bus specification and vehicle manufacturability. In order for bus operators to provide transport services, a range of vehicle configurations must be available from bus manufacturers, generating variety which has a negative impact on the manufacturing process. Larger part inventories, uncontrolled labour tasks and more troublesome maintenance are known impacts of this variety. This research identifies the functional necessities in route bus interior design and reduces the problems in bus manufacture and operation caused by specification diversity by proposing a modularised system of bus design. In particular, it makes recommendations as to how bus configuration should be carried out, ensuring an optimum mix of operational and manufacturing needs:

• 1.Determine user needs before the bus specification process.
• 2.Designs to be developed by the manufacturer in response to user needs.
• 3.This design should be standardised where possible, as suggested by the user needs.
• 4.Where user needs dictate product variations, apply a mass customisation approach to accommodate these needs.

The recommendations are communicated in design proposals for a modular bus interior, demonstrated by four cases designed to meet the present status quo of bus interior design and predictions for the future of the field.     

管道风险分析指数评分法中分值调整初探

管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一（各因素的分值范围都是0～100分）,为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。     

Determinants of modal choice in freight transport

In the next few years, exciting developments in the field of freight transport are likely to occur. The Channel Tunnel will be perceived as giving railways much greater distance of operation, compared to the current train ferry to/from Great Britain. The further development of swap-body technology will allow easier modal transfer and the creation, in 1992, of a single market in Europe will transform the pattern of trade. All of these are likely to have significant impacts on modal choice, and hence modal split, in freight transport. Reappraisal by many firms of the modes of transport used is likely but will it result in a net transfer of freight from road to rail and, if so, to what extent? To answer such questions, an accurate and reliable method of predicting modal split is required. Research in the past has concentrated on the development of modal split models based on generalised costs. These fail to explain adequately the prevalence of road freight in the UK. From surveys of freight managers within industry, it is clear that models to date rely too heavily on the economic cost factor and too little on behavioural factors (Jeffs 1985). This paper derives from a recent study of freight transport modal choice from the standpoint of the transport decision-maker within the firm. It attempts to shed light on the actual parameters which should be incorporated into a modal split model. Many variables appear to exert an influence on modal choice decision-making process. However, it is possible to categorise them into six main groups, namely: customer-requirements; product-characteristics; company structure/organisation; government interventions; available transport facilities; and perceptions of the decision-maker him/herself. It is the interactions and inter-relationships between these which ultimately determine freight modal split. This study has shown that the relationship between the outcome of the transport decision process and the values of particular determinants of modal split is not straight-forward, due to the complexity and variety of interactions involved. Perhaps one of the main reasons for researchers' failure hitherto to develop a successful modal-split model has been the preoccupation with techniques that rely on the development of common metric (e.g. generalised cost), which has led to the exclusion of some important explanatory variables along quite different dimensions. Another important issue concerns the appropriate level of aggregation. In order not to reduce the explanatory power of the key variables, it is important to work at a disaggregate level, although this does make substantial demands on data. The use of factor analysis enables both the aggregation of information without loss of behavioural reality and the specification of variables in terms of a common metric. In conclusion, freight transport has usually been examined within too narrow a framework. It must be placed firmly within the context of the total industrial process. The demand for freight transport is directly influenced by the level, composition and geographical distribution of production and consumption activities. Freight flows are complex and so it is highly unlikely that a universal mode-choice model can ever be developed. Future research should, therefore, be directed towards developing partial models in response to specific needs of those involved in decision-taking in the freight sector.     

A century of evolution of the accessibility concept

The concept of accessibility has acquired numerous meanings along multiple dimensions during the century of its evolution. This essay argues for the salience of two dimensions: application-based and definition-based. In its application, accessibility has incorporated positive and normative dimensions which have varied in prominence over time. In its definition, accessibility has varied between a mode of evaluation incorporating measured mobility and proximity, on the one hand, and a predefined market basket of urbanist improvements to transportation and land use systems, on the other. Advocates of the accessibility shift should emphasize both the measured approach to accessibility and accessibility’s normative side.     

Optimization of bus stop locations for improving transit accessibility

A mathematical model is developed in this paper to improve the accessibility of a bus service. To formulate the optimization model, a segment of a bus route is given, on which a number of demand entry points are distributed realistically. The objective total cost function (i.e. the sum of supplier and user costs) is minimized by optimizing the number and locations of stops, subject to non‐additive users' value of time. A numerical example is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method thus developed to optimize the bus stop location problem. The sensitivity of the total cost to various parameters (e.g. value of users' time, access speed, and demand density) and the effect of the parameters on the optimal stop locations are analyzed and discussed.     

Productive efficiency and ownership of urban bus services

The established ownership mix of urban bus operations in Australia provides a unique opportunity to investigate the productivity differences between public and private bus service supply. Using duality theory in economics which links economic indices of factor productivity to the cost structure of a firm, we develop empirical measures of total and partial productivity of inputs, and adjust the differences for the effects of ownership status and operating environment. The evidence supports the notion that private supply of public passenger transport in general has performed more efficiently in the past than public supply, although the differences in productivity need not continue in the future.