景区旅游轨道交通客流预测分析

针对旅游景区客流量淡旺季波动较大,难以指导景区轨道交通的规划和建设这一问题,文章从景区旅游轨道交通客流特点出发,采用改进的四阶段法进行景区轨道交通客流量预测;按照出行目的 对景区间的出行分布进行建模;根据景区各种交通方式的出行时间、费用等因素使用概率模型进行方式划分,得到景区最佳日客流量,并分配到轨道交通线上.该预测方...     

区域轨道交通网络枢纽及线路运能的匹配评价

为了提升区域轨道交通路网的有效运能，针对城市轨道交通和国铁干线，研究区域内各层级轨道交通的运能匹配度计算和评价方法。分析区域轨道交通的概念、层次结构和功能定位，从枢纽和线路两方面分别给出运能匹配度的计算公式，提出以运能匹配度为基础的运能供需匹配指标，建立区域轨道交通运能匹配评价指标体系，并运用层次分析-灰色关联分析法进行综合评价。基于成都东站的实例分析得出，该站铁路比地铁运能匹配程度更优，评价结果可以为客流组织优化提供依据和参考。     

基于物元分析法的城市轨道交通换乘枢纽评价

文章从换乘枢纽的适应性、合理性及人性化三个层面出发,建立了轨道交通换乘枢纽的评价指标体系,并利用熵值法确定评价指标的权重,建立了基于物元分析法的城市轨道交通换乘枢纽评价模型。通过实例应用分析,证明了该评价方法的有效性和可行性。     

自然旅游景区群公路交通规划思路

交通对于旅游景区发展具有极其重要的作用。本文通过探讨自然旅游景区的特点,明确自然旅游景区公路交通功能定位,并在此基础上提出旅游景区群公路的规划理念及要求。     

轨道交通司机安全性评价与管理研究

本文结合轨道交通司机的工作环境和岗位特点,采用深入访谈和问卷调查等方法,确定了包含22个项目的轨道交通司机安全性评价问卷,构建了包含安全知识、安全技能、安全行为倾向和职业心理素质4个因素的轨道交通安全评价模型,并通过验证性因子分析对模型进行验证,结果表明,模型对观测数据的拟合程度较好。依据轨道交通司机安全性评价模型,制定了轨道交通司机准入标准体系、构建了轨道交通司机管理闭环并开发了轨道交通司机评价方法体系。     

综合运输

轨道交通“十二五”增加1000公里 “十二五”期间全国各城市地铁、轻轨规划线路建设里程将达到2600公里，建设投资规划额将达1．27万亿元。截至8月，全国大多数地区在“十二五”规划纲要中确定了城际轨道交通的发展规划和线路，     

轨道交通建设前期工作对工程造价的影响分析

结合部分城市轨道交通前期工作的实际，介绍了轨道交通建设中线网规划、线路沿线土地利用规划的制定、客流预测以及线路敷设方式的确定等前期工作对地铁造价不同的影响方式和影响程度，提出了降低前期投资的几个方法和建议。     

“十四五”轨道交通融合发展思考

京津冀、长三角等区域正在建设多层级轨道交通系统,结合国内外轨道交通引领城市发展经验,展望十四五时期北京轨道交通融合发展目标。从规划、建设、运营各阶段,简述轨道内部四网融合的重要关注点。综合轨道内外关系,从满足通勤需求和引导城市发展两个方面,以网络层面提出轨道融合发展思考,从既有线改造和运营管理提升两个方面,以线路层面提出轨道融合发展思考,从交通枢纽和轨道微中心两个切入点,以站点和区域层面提出轨道融合发展思考。基于北京市十四五时期交通发展建设规划,结合北京市具体建设项目,从点线网各层面思考十四五时期轨道融合发展的经验及预期成效,展望远景2035年的发展方向。     

POI大数据在城市轨道交通建设时序选择中的应用

城市轨道交通建设时序研究是轨道交通线网建设规划的核心内容之一，长期以来一直以定性方法为主。同时，POI等多源大数据愈来愈多地应用到城市及交通规划领域，但现有研究大多着眼于城市轨道交通运营阶段的后评价，缺少对规划建设阶段的关注。本文以福州为例，利用POI大数据对轨道交通的现状服务效益进行分析，辅助决策城市轨道交通建设规划中建设时序的选择，试图解决传统上地铁线网和建设规划定性有余而定量不足的缺点，量化分析各条地铁线路对城市的服务效果，为建设规划的线路选择和时序提供支撑。     

城市轨道交通前期研究工作思路探讨

结合广州轨道交通立项和建设的实例,针对轨道交通前期工作,如线网规划、建设规划以及单条线路的工可过程进行分析,就前期工作的一些流程和方法进行探讨。     

What determines rail transit passenger volume? Implications for transit oriented development planning

Transit oriented development (TOD) has been an important topic for urban transportation planning research and practice. This paper is aimed at empirically examining the effect of rail transit station-based TOD on daily station passenger volume. Using integrated circuit (IC) card data on metro passenger volumes and cellular signaling data on the spatial distribution of human activities in Shanghai, the research identifies variations in ridership among rail transit stations. Then, regression analysis is performed using passenger volume in each station as the dependent variable. Explanatory variables include station area employment and population, residents’ commuting distances, metro network accessibility, status as interchange station, and coupling with commercial activity centers. The main findings are: (1) Passenger volume is positively associated with employment density and residents’ commuting distance around station; (2) stations with earlier opening dates and serving as transfer nodes tend to have positive association with passenger volumes; (3) metro stations better integrated with nearby commercial development tend to have larger passenger volumes. Several implications are drawn for TOD planning: (1) TOD planning should be integrated with rail transit network planning; (2) location of metro stations should be coupled with commercial development; (3) high employment densities should be especially encouraged as a key TOD feature; and (4) interchange stations should be more strategically positioned in the planning for rail transit network.     

基于开放式理念的高速公路服务区与旅游融合发展业态开发研究

为加速推进服务区的休闲化、景区化进程,推动服务区升级改造,重构服务区业态,逐步增加旅游服务功能,探索将服务区打造成旅游目的地,本文依据国内外关于开放式理念的研究进展,结合“服务区+旅游”融合发展的现状和内涵特征,提出基于开放式理念的“服务区+旅游”概念,通过借鉴旅游业态和产品划分标准,梳理总结“服务区+旅游”新业态特征,提出基于产业开发、新技术整合、特色产品开发、时间规划和智慧交通开发五大“服务区+旅游”业态类型,再从产业融合和“交通+旅游”的角度出发,系统提出“服务区+旅游”融合发展新业态清单。     

Analysis of light rail rider travel behavior: Impacts of individual,built environment,and crime characteristics on transit access

This paper analyzes factors that influence the mode choice for trips between home and light rail stations, an often neglected part of a person’s trip making behavior. This is important for transit planning, demand modeling, and transit oriented development. Using transit survey data describing St. Louis MetroLink riders in the United States, this study found that some of the factors associated with increased shares of walking relative to other modes were full-time student status, higher income transit riders, and trips made during the evening. It was also found that crime at stations had an impact. In particular, crime made female transit riders more likely to be picked-up/dropped-off at the station. Females are more likely to be picked-up or dropped-off at night. Bus availability and convenience showed that transit riders that have a direct bus connection to a light rail station were more likely to use the bus. Private vehicle availability was strongly associated with increased probability of drive and park, when connecting to light rail.     

关于城市轨道交通工程水文地质勘察工作的探讨

结合轨道交通岩土工程勘察的特点,对当前水文地质勘察的外业与室内试验工作进行了分析与探讨,并对轨道交通工程中水文地质条件分析与评价进行了阐述,阐明了该项工作在轨道交通工程中的重要性与必要性,以供同行参考.     

Modeling a rail transit alignment considering different objectives

An optimization model for station locations for an on-ground rail transit line is developed using different objective functions of demand and cost as both influence the planning of a rail transit alignment. A microscopic analysis is performed to develop a rail transit alignment in a given corridor considering a many-to-one travel demand pattern. A variable demand case is considered as it replicates a realistic scenario for planning a rail transit line. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) based on a Geographical Information System (GIS) database is developed to optimize the station locations for a rail transit alignment. The first objective is to minimize the total system cost per person, which is a function of user cost, operator cost, and location cost. The second objective is to maximize the ridership or the service coverage of the rail transit alignment. The user cost per person is minimized separately as the third objective because the user cost is one of the most important decision-making factors for planning a transit system from the users’ perspective. A transit planner can make an informed decision between various alternatives based on the results obtained using different objective functions. The model is applied in a case study in the Washington, DC area. The optimal locations and sequence of stations obtained using the three objective functions are presented and a comparative study between the results obtained is shown in the paper. In future works we will develop a combinatorial optimization problem using the aforementioned objectives for the rail transit alignment planning and design problem.     

Significant characteristics of the urban rail renaissance in the United States: A discriminant analysis

In the rebirth of light-rail in the US, there has been little quantitative work detailing the differences between cities that have built rail transit and those that have not. In this study, 18 independent variables measuring a variety of characteristics that might promote or hinder rail transit construction are examined for 13 cities that built rail and 22 that did not, but considered it. After isolating the most significant variables, a two-group discriminant analysis generates a function from a randomly chosen set of 25 cities, and then cross-validates it on a separate set of 10. That model attempts to classify the cities into their respective groups. A model with three significant independent variables is generated that correctly classifies 33 of the 35 cities. The results indicate that cities which chose to build rail already had relatively well-used bus systems. There also appears to be an image and economic development aspect associated with rail construction.     

基于交通渗流理论的城市轨道交通网络动态服务瓶颈识别

为准确把握轨道交通网络化运营的新态势和新要求,力求轨道交通系统在大客流下做到运输能力和服务水平的供需匹配,需对轨道交通网络的关键瓶颈进行有效识别和疏解。本文借鉴交通渗流理论,提出了限制网络整体服务水平和连通效能的动态服务瓶颈的识别方法,该方法综合考虑了城市轨道交通系统的网络特性、客流特性和服务特性。其中针对区间服务水平状态,该方法提出了定量评定的复合指标模型。以成都地铁线网为案例,基于实际客流运营数据,构建动态网络,识别服务瓶颈,验证了方法的适用性和准确性,对城市轨道交通系统运营管理有实际指导意义。     

Light rail transit in Canada

This paper describes current light rail transit planning and operation in Canada's major cities and smaller communities. There are ten urban areas in Canada with 250,000 or more people. Two of these have light rail systems in operation, three have lines under construction and nine others are planning LRT systems.     

Choosing the wrong technology: Or how to spend billions and reduce transit use

In spite of a broad consensus among transportation analysts that bus rapid transit, whether operating on exclusive rights-of-way or on uncongested high occupancy vehicle lanes or general purpose limited access facilities, provides higher performance and has significantly lower costs per passenger trip than rail transit in medium and low density cities, nearly all Sunbelt cities are building or planning heavy or light rail systems. This paper reviews previous studies of the cost-effectiveness of heavy and light rail transit with bus-rapid transit and the growing experience with busways and transitways and concludes, once again, that some form of bus rapid transit would be a far more effective way of providing improved transit in these cities than heavy or light rail transit. Not only would bus rapid transit be substantially cheaper, but it would provide a higher quality of service than light or heavy rail transit for virtually all users. Finally, the paper speculates on the reasons for the continued, “blind” commitment to rail transit by policymakers in Sunbelt cities and on the refusal of policymakers in all but a few of these cities to even consider bus rapid transit.     

A multiple criteria approach for the evaluation of the rail transit networks in Istanbul

The deficiencies in the Istanbul transportation system have led the local authorities to plan several alternative transportation projects. In this paper three alternative rail transit network proposals are evaluated by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a multiple criteria decision support system. The AHP facilitates decision-making by organizing perceptions, experiences, knowledge and judgments, the forces that influence the decision, into a hierarchical framework with a goal, scenarios, criteria and alternatives of choice. Based on this analysis, the decision makers have developed a new alternative as a combination of the most closely competing two alternative rail transit networks. This combination rail transit network is currently under construction.