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地铁区间隧道空气环境是地铁列车车载空调器赖以工作的“室外环境”,隧道空气状况直接影响列车内人工环境状况。本文从不同制式隧道环境着手分析车厢内空气质量状况,提出配置列车车载空调器时必须加强厂方和地铁环按设计人员的交流。 相似文献
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由于列车散热使得铁路隧道内空气温度升高,隧道热环境的恶化对列车安全运行及隧道内设备的可靠性带来一定的影响,隧道内热环境的模拟研究对铁路发展具有重要意义。文章通过建立隧道内空气温度非稳态模拟计算模型进行分析,重点考虑了隧道围岩内渗流对空气温度的影响;采用有限体积法对方程进行离散,用Matlab工具编写隧道内空气温度模拟计算程序;分别在不同的渗流作用系数下,对单线铁路隧道内空气温度进行模拟计算。分析得出,渗流对隧道内空气温度具有较大的影响,在隧道内热环境模拟中,特别是对于中长期模拟计算中不能忽略渗流的影响作用。 相似文献
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《综合运输》2019,(1)
川藏铁路具有典型长大坡道线路的特征,设置缓坡是长大坡道线路解决列车起动加速等问题的重要技术手段。论文以加力坡24‰和30‰两个设计方案,HXD2、HXD2b两种电力机车双机牵引货物列车为依据,对川藏线雅安—新都桥区段各区间的缓坡设置情况进行研究分析。根据经典力学分析,提出了缓坡设置的检算方法,分析发现24‰坡度方案下,各区间均不需设置缓坡。针对30‰坡度方案进一步进行分析,确定出该方案下,在大仁烟-新沟等6个区间需要设置缓坡,并给出了这些区间缓坡设置的合理坡度和坡长范围。采用模拟计算的方法,对上述6个区间进行计算分析,研究发现缓坡设置会导致区间上坡运行时分缩短,下坡运行时分增加,总运行时分减小。 相似文献
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地铁区间隧道火灾自然排烟模式的研究与应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
成都南部地铁区间隧道采用地面开口的自然通风模式,在国内尚属首次。文章对区间隧道在火灾工况下,通风竖井间距、隧道中隔墙,以及风口阻力系数对自然排烟通风效果的影响进行了数值模拟分析,为区间隧道的结构选型提供了科学的依据。 相似文献
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为了解钢壳混凝土组合结构的耐火性能,进而为其结构设计、防火保护提供依据,利用自主研发的多功能大型耐火试验炉,在不同防火保护方案下,进行局部全尺寸构件耐火试验,研究钢壳混凝土沉管隧道管节结构在火灾高温下的热量传递规律。结果表明,火灾中防火板对管节结构有明显保护作用,无防火板保护情况下构件竖向位置出现明显的混凝土脱空现象;防火板背火面测点温度值均随炉膛温度变化呈现规律性变化,但两者并不完全同步,防火板背火面测点温度变化滞后于炉膛温度变化;火灾高温下管节结构的温度影响深度达到距离底板上表面约550 mm,混凝土断面热量传递高度约400 mm。 相似文献
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Aural comfort is negatively affected during a train’s passage through various tunnel environments. The objective of this study was to propose a prediction model for determining optimal operation parameter combinations to improve train occupants’ aural comfort. High-speed train model tests, combined with a mathematical transfer model, were used to obtain the interior pressure transients under varying speeds, tunnel lengths and seal indexes. Then, a middle ear finite element model was used to simulate the dynamic responses under the pressure transients, and three indicators were employed to assess the severity of aural sensations. Meanwhile, the aural discomfort were classified into four groups according to the duration. Based on the simulation results, the ordinal regression analysis method was used to reveal the effects of the considered factors on aural comfort. The results indicate that aural discomfort sensations begin when a train runs in the middle of a tunnel but are mitigated when it approaches the tunnel exit. Furthermore, aural discomfort is positively correlated with the train speed and the distance from the driver cabin of the head car but negatively correlated with the seal index and tunnel length. As a conclusion, a mathematical prediction model was established that incorporates factors including the train speed, seal index, tunnel length and car position. It can not only forecast aural sensations under certain operation parameters and tunnel environments but also be used for determining the optimal operation parameters to ensure the best aural sensations for high-speed-train occupants. 相似文献
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Erik Fridell Martin Ferm Anders Ekberg 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2010,15(4):240-245
We report tunnel measurements, where abrasion particles from different types of trains are measured in two situations and emission factors are calculated from these. The measurements show significantly elevated particle concentrations in train passages that last for about a minute and are accompanied by increased airflow. The emission of particles for each train passage was obtained by summing the product of the particle concentration and the airflow and then multiplying with the tunnel area. The average emission factors were calculated for three categories freight trains, commuter trains and regional trains and found to be 2.9 g/train-km (0.7 – 9), 0.48 (0.1 – 1.6) and 0.24 (0.05–0.9), respectively. The number in brackets refers to the range of values observed. The size-resolved data showed maxima around 1 μm for all three train types. 相似文献
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仰拱作为隧道衬砌的重要组成部分,其设置对改善隧道结构受力状况,提高隧道结构的整体稳定性都非常重要。但在列车激振荷载作用下,仰拱在隧道整体结构中所发挥的作用还需要进一步研究。文章通过数值分析方法,从动力学角度对仰拱在高速铁路隧道列车振动响应中的作用和影响进行了探讨;比较了不同仰拱形式下隧道结构各控制点的动力学特性及衬砌和围岩受力特性,可为隧道仰拱设置中综合考虑动静力影响提供参考。 相似文献
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Increasing attention is being paid to airborne particles in railway environments because of their potential to adversely affect health. In this study, we investigate the contribution of moving trains to both the concentration and size distribution of particles in tunnel environments. Real-time measurements were taken with high time-resolution instruments at a railway station platform in a tunnel in Stockholm in January 2013. The results show that individual trains stopping and starting at the platform substantially elevate the particulate concentrations with a mobility diameter greater than 100 nm. Two size modes of the particulate number concentrations were obtained. A mode of around 170 nm occurs when a train moves, while the other mode peaks at about 30 nm when there is no train in the station. By using principal component analysis (PCA), three contributing sources were identified on the basis of the classification of the sizes of the particles, namely railway-related mechanical wear, suspension due to the movement of trains and sparking of electric-powered components. It is concluded that the particulate matter released by individual moving trains is a key contributor to fine particles (100–500 nm) on the railway platform in a tunnel. 相似文献
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寒冷地区隧道温度、渗流规律与冻害预防 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据试验隧道的温度和水流量测试成果,得出了寒冷季节隧道水流量和隧道衬砌后浅层围岩温度随时间的变化规律。预防隧道冻害应有系统观念,一味提高隧道内温度或衬砌壁后温度未必有利于问题的解决。在试验隧道中采用了冻害综合防治措施,即:(1)加强拱顶围岩注浆;(2)选用低温柔性好的防水板;(3)喷射混凝土表面降糙;(4)采用LV法铺设防水层;(5)施工缝设置可排水止水带;(6)采用直接通至中央排水管的环向排水管并进行局部保温;(7)在衬砌下隅角背后设置保温层;(8)在衬砌壁后预埋电热带穿线管等,取得了良好的综合防冻效果。 相似文献
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随着寒区公路隧道的不断增多,寒区隧道的保温问题也受到广泛重视。为了分析计算此类隧道施工过程中的温度场,验证寒区隧道保温设计的必要性,确定保温设计的经济性和有效性,文章以某市西山隧道为背景,结合东北冻土的热力性质特点,利用大型有限元计算程序Ansys,对寒区隧道进行了模拟分析,并且将计算的理论数据与实际测定的数据进行对比,分析隧道开挖后围岩温度场的分布、初期支护以及二次衬砌的温度变化过程,对隧道保温效果进行评定。数据对比表明,将保温层设置在二次衬砌外侧是比较合理的,但在东北寒区,对于断面半径达7m的大断面隧道,仅使用40 mm厚的PU硬质聚氨酯泡沫板作为保温材料是不合理的。为使设计经济合理,保温材料在径向上可以采用不同的厚度。 相似文献