CCER方法学对天然气车船温室气体减排量核算方法的适用性分析

本文根据已有的CCER方法学在"适用条件"、"项目边界"、"基准线情景识别"、"额外性论证"、"减排量计算"以及"监测方法学"等方面对班线天然气客车、内河天然气动力营运船舶进行了适用性分析。对某些已有的CCER方法学提取了对班线天然气客车、内河天然气营运动力船舶温室气体减排量核算方法适用的条件,并分析了需完善和补充的条件。     

我国公路行业发展趋势及投融资政策建议

本文通过对公路行业投资、建设、运营及交通量现状的研究,分析了"十二五"乃至"十三五"公路行业的发展趋势,对公路行业发展提出了具有针对性的投融资政策建议。     

盾构施工“滞排”成因分析和对策研究

文章在总结国内外复合地层盾构施工经验的基础上,首次明确并定义了"滞排"的概念,对"滞排"现象进行了科学的分类,并对其成因和风险进行了分析研究,提出了"破"、"和"、"排"的系统解决方案,并给出了盾构设计阶段、制造阶段和施工阶段的相应对策;最后从新理论、新设备、新方法和新材料等方面对"滞排"的解决对策做了进一步的展望。     

基于"交旅融合"背景下的旅游高速公路 策划方案浅析 ——以信阳明港至鸡公山高速公路为例

随着"大众旅游"、"全域旅游"时代的来临,本文以信阳明鸡高速为例,在对沿线旅游资源分析的基础上,阐述了普通高速公路优势和不足,进而提出了旅游高速的基本内涵、主要意义,分析了高速公路交旅融合的主要思路和主要构建系统。     

膨胀岩土地层盾构隧道结构力学行为研究

文章在提出膨胀接触压力概念的基础上,采用接触单元对膨胀接触压力和膨胀力的关系进行了研究,得出了膨胀接触压力与膨胀岩土分布、厚度、结构及地层刚度等的关系;同时对膨胀岩土地层中盾构隧道"荷载-结构"模式外荷载及"梁-弹簧"模型的特点进行了分析;并将其分析结果直接应用到成都地铁2号线膨胀岩土地层盾构隧道的结构分析中,得出了盾构隧道在不同膨胀岩土层、膨胀力、埋深和拼装方式条件下的结构内力值,对隧道结构设计起到了指导作用。     

城市给水管网系统中管道比阻测定方法的改进

介绍了管道比阻测试原理,对传统测试方法进行了改进;同时介绍了测试管段的选择原则和几种测试方法的适用条件.通过对"二点法"、"三点法"、"四点法"和"五点法"等方法的分析,提出"四点法"是适应我国供水管网中管道比阻测试的切实可行的方法.     

《物联网在交通运输领域的应用》课题介绍

<正>湖南大学校长钟志华从课题基本情况、前期调研、拟定研究思路、后期工作安排的角度,与《交通建设与管理》杂志社记者进行了交流。他对课题研究背景、内容、工作进度安排、研究思路进行了介绍,对"城市交通"、"干线运输"、"运载工具"调研内容进行了分析,并对研究工作做初步设想。     

我国交通运输能耗及形势分析

本文首先对我国交通运输全口径能耗进行了计算和回顾,然后借助国际能源署交通模型"ASIF"分析框架,对我国交通运输领域能耗有影响的最新形势进行跟踪,特别是针对铁路货运周转量下降、运输结构优化、电动汽车保有量增长、共享交通模式等展开了分析,并对未来我国交通运输能耗的发展趋势进行了初步展望。     

营运货车“零公里”团购加油可行性分析

文章从营运车辆"零公里"团购加油可行性分析出发,从政策上、技术上等几个方面对在货运站场实行营运货车"零公里"团购加油的可行性进行了充分的阐述和分析,提出了营运货车"零公里"团购加油站点的最小经济规模确定方法和对应的货运站场规模的确定方法,为实施营运货车"零公里"团购加油模式奠定了理论及实践基础。     

从交通违法查处数据谈城市交通治理

基于城市道路交通违法查处数据,分析得出我国城市交通执法管理总体呈现出,非现场执法查处率高、针对"容易取证"的违法行为查处率高、针对机动车违法查处率高等"三高"特点,以及现场执法查处率低、对于"取证困难"的违法行为查处率低、对于非机动车和行人违法查处率低等"三低"特征,并探讨了造成这种特征状况的原因。从执法威慑力、交通安全、交通运行效率、通行秩序,以及城市文明形象等方面,分析了当前交通执法管理特征对城市交通治理产生的影响。从城市交通执法管理工作任务流程角度,提出了相应对策建议。     

“两山”理念在湖北十淅高速公路中的实践研究

本文从高速公路建设项目的角度出发就“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念的内涵及时代要求进行了论述,分析了当前“绿色交通”理念下的绿色公路建设施工与管理中存在的主要问题,同时结合“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念的具体内涵,以十淅高速公路(湖北段)项目为例,从施工管理、设计、施工技术等方面阐述了绿色交通理念在公路建设过程中的具体实践,为公路建设的绿色发展提供了借鉴意义。     

Integrating land use and transport practice through spatial metrics

Despite the growing development of tools that can integrate land use and transport, the desired integration is still illusive in daily practice. To address this gap, the current study uses spatial metrics, a set of methods traditionally used for studying changes in the spatial structure of landscapes, which are translated into the domain of transport planning. It examines how spatial metrics can be integrated into “Land Use Transport” strategy-making, and how useful they are according to the practitioners’ perceptions. A Light Rail Transit corridor in Granada (Spain) provides the empirical focus of this research. Land use characteristics such as: land use mixing, land use diversity and green areas connectivity were successfully studied using spatial metrics, and they were used to map three “Land Use Transport” strategies: (i) proximity dynamics and non-motorised modes; (ii) modal shift from cars to Light Rail Transit system; (iii) shared spaces between motorised and non-motorised modes. Practitioners perceived that spatial metrics could improve the “Land Use Transport” strategy-making process in comparison with traditional methods used in practice. However, certain shortcomings related to the usability of spatial metrics are also highlighted and discussed. This study concludes with a reflection on research challenges for adapting spatial metrics to transport practice.     

城市绿色出行内涵和评价指标体系框架研究

绿色出行发展的根本目的是为了实现城市交通可持续发展,实现出行"安全、畅通、高效、舒适、环保、节能",从而实现社会、经济、交通和环境的协调发展。本文通过对绿色出行的概念、内涵、特征和实现途径等相关理论进行解读,确定绿色出行系统的主要构成;采用计划行为理论、交通需求管理理论等多视角,对影响和制约城市绿色出行发展的关键因素进行分析和识别,并研究提出围绕保障能力、基础设施、运输装备、运营服务等方面的绿色出行评价指标体系框架。     

The private and social cost efficiency of port hinterland container distribution through a regional logistics system

Increasingly, the debate on freight transport and logistics involves the challenge of sustainable development. Key objectives of sustainable or “green” freight logistics systems are the mitigation of negative environmental and human health effects of distribution operations and the realization of a major modal shift in transport preferences, while at the same time achieving internal generalized cost efficiency and quality of services. Pursuing these goals requires the introduction of a range of measures. These measures call for private and public actors to take up various initiatives and adopt policies. Usually, it is more effective to combine different actions into an integrated package of measures than to introduce single instruments in isolation.This article explores the nexus between sustainability and port hinterland container logistics. In particular, the methodology and results of an empirical analysis based on applications of a network programming tool called the “interport model” are presented and discussed. The model enables an examination of all possible effects on inland container flows and their associated internal and external costs due to public and private initiatives in the field of port hinterland container logistics. The empirical analysis aims to evaluate the impact of a set of simultaneous policy options and operational measures on the competitiveness and sustainability of hinterland multimodal distribution of import and export containers handled at the seaports of the Campania region located in Southern Italy. The loading units can transit through the dry port facilities (the so called “interports”) located in the same region and/or through extra regional railway terminals, before reaching their ultimate inland destinations or the seaports. The integrated package of measures simulated by means of the model includes: (i) infrastructure policy, (ii) improvements of rail services, (iii) regulatory changes in terms of customs authorizations and procedures, (iv) removal of technical and legal barriers to fair and non-discriminatory competition in the market of rail traction between regional seaports and interports, (v) new business models integrating container logistics operations between seaports and interports, and (vi) social marginal cost charging of transport operations. Once this package of instruments is introduced, higher private and social cost efficiency of port hinterland container distribution through the investigated regional logistics system can be achieved. For instance, it has been estimated an annual saving of the order of about 12,660 tonnes of CO₂ equivalent emissions from transport corresponding to an external cost reduction of 0.27 million euros from the observed real life situation, whereas the estimated saving in terms of air pollution (CO, NO_x, PM, SO₂, VOC) from transport is approximately 220 tonnes per year corresponding to an external benefit of 1.31 million euros.The most immediate priority appears to be the customs and intermodal logistics integration of seaports and interports by means of full implementation of the “extended gateway” concept as a way to increase the rail share of modal split and improve the overall cost efficiency of the system. In addition, the simultaneous introduction of a social marginal cost charging policy can contribute to make the regional interports a viable solution to expand the hinterland reach of the regional seaport cluster.     

The impact of “free” public transport: The case of Brussels

Public transport subsidies play an important role in the present Belgian mobility policy. The introduction of “free” bus transport in Hasselt in 1997 was an important event. Later, the Flemish government in cooperation with the regional public transport company elaborated the so-called “third-payer system” for target groups. The price of public transport is not paid by the user or the provider, but partly or completely by a “third party”. In how far these measures contribute to a more sustainable mobility system has caused much debate.In the academic year 2003–2004, a “free public transport” initiative was introduced for the students of Flemish colleges and universities in Brussels. These students had the opportunity to obtain a refunded annual season ticket on Brussels public transport. Brussels was selected for the case study, because in the same city there is a group of students that benefits from the measure, and another group (students from French speaking universities and colleges) that does not. In order to examine the effects of this measure, we conducted a survey among the students to examine their present travel behaviour (number of trips, motives, modal choice …) and the changes with the travel behaviour of the previous year. In addition we compare the current travel behaviour between the students benefiting from the measure, and those who do not.     

Social and political implications of new transport technologies

The mechanism of change in society is discussed in terms of power and interest groups, and some of the past changes in transport technology are examined in terms of the degree of threat posed to the established order and the interest groups benefiting from change. On the basis of such a power/benefit model, three of the new transport technologies which have been proposed — “guideway”, “dial‐a‐bus” and “network cab”, are discussed as to their likely social and political acceptability.     

新冠肺炎疫情下民航调控措施的国际法依据分析

为了遏制境外新冠肺炎疫情输入风险的高发态势,中国民航总局出台了调控航班的"五个一"措施。对于中国为防疫而采取的措施,美欧表示了不满,认为我国单边违反了航空运输协定。本文阐明采取相关防疫措施的国际立法依据是《国际卫生条例》第2条总目标及第43条有关额外措施的规定,从措施的实施效果与当前新冠肺炎疫情传播的严峻程度看,调控航班的措施是符合条例中的"保护性原则"、"比例原则"和"科学原则"的。     

Why (not) abolish fares? Exploring the global geography of fare-free public transport

Transportation - Although the policy of abolishing fares in public transport—here referred to as “fare-free public transport” (FFPT)—exists in nearly 100 localities...     

自行车在山地城市应用的可行性探究

随着中国城镇化、机动化水平的提高,"以车为本"的交通发展导向已经暴露出了诸多的弊端。为了有效缓解山地城市交通的拥堵问题以及环境污染问题,本文分析了自行车在山地城市发展的重要意义,并且从环境、交通、社会以及经济四个方面详细阐述了自行车交通在山地城市运用的可行性以及注意事项,从而促进山地城市自行车系统的良好发展,倡导山城市民拥有绿色低碳出行的理念。