山地城市自行车助力通道设计与模拟

大力发展自行车交通是优化城市交通出行结构、构建绿色低碳交通体系的有效措施。山地城市受地形地貌所限,城市道路普遍不设计非机动车道,导致自行车交通发展的基础条件欠缺。为解决山地城市道路陡坡不适合自行车骑行的问题,文章提出了一种基于"气流助骑"理念以减小骑行者爬坡阻力的山地城市自行车助力通道,通过自行车陡坡骑行动态受力分析及Matlab数值仿真确定助力通道风速等关键参数取值。风能助力效果实验结果表明:自行车助力通道在4°~12°的坡度条件下助力效果明显。最后,将成果应用于重庆市合川区新建古圣路实际工程项目设计中,为山地城市进一步发展自行车交通和倡导"低碳交通"的出行理念提供了新思路。     

深圳为例:自行车接驳城市轨道交通规划研究

本文结合深圳市城市空间结构和轨道交通网络布局,提出深圳市自行车交通发展模式,并分析提出自行车接驳城市轨道交通车站位置选择、合理吸引范围以及停车场周边交通组织。     

国外典型城市自行车发展模式分析及启示

本文通过分析哥本哈根、东京两个城市中不同的自行车交通发展模式,从中得到我国城市自行车交通发展的启示。     

中欧自行车交通设施与政策对比分析

本文通过列举中国与欧洲城市在自行车交通规划定位、路网建设、交叉口改善、法规教育等方面的经验做法,从交通设施与政策层面分析中欧自行车交通现状的差异,并进一步指明我国未来自行车交通发展的挑战和前景。     

发挥主编单位作用 稳步推进项目实施——国家标准《城市公共自行车交服务规范》编制体会

<正>"随着城市公共自行车交通服务系统的发展,迫切需要有标准可依,以达到服务质量目标化、服务方法规范化和服务过程程序化,促进这个新兴的交通体系为广大市民提供更优质的服务。"城市交通是市民生活、工作的重要组成部分,随着城市化进程的发展,人口增加、城市地域扩大,交通拥堵和带来的环境问题是目前迫切需要解决的民生问题。城市公共自行车是目前城市交通"可持续发展"和"绿色交通"中产生的新举措,其绿色环保、节能降耗、灵活便捷等优点,受到了广大市民的高度认可。近年来,在巴黎、阿姆斯特丹、哥本哈根、伦敦等一些发达国家的城市纷纷建立了城市公共自行车交通服务系统。国内     

我国公路水路交通固定资产投资排行（2009年8月）

住房和城乡建设部在京举行新闻发布会，呼吁采取措施，在我国实施和恢复绿色交通，使城市空间资源向公共交通、步行、自行车等绿色交通倾斜，构建合理的综合交通体系，减少私人机动车的使用。当前，我国城市步行和自行车交通状况不容乐观，出行环境恶化趋势明显。近些年，很多城市虽然在道路里程、标准上都有了较大提高，但道路空间分配不平衡，步行和自行车使用的道路空间受到严重挤压，交通安全得不到保障。     

城市公共自行车一卡式服务平台研究

绿色城市是城市现代化的主要标志,是城市发展的必然选择。改善生态环境、促进资源能源节约、倡导绿色交通已成为现阶段关注的核心问题。本文以搭建城市公共自行车一卡式服务平台为视角,通过分析搭建城市公共自行车一卡式服务平台对于打造绿色城市名片的必要性,从而提出了搭建城市公共自行车一卡式服务平台打造绿色城市名片的可行性。为方便城市居民生活出行,建设绿色城市的可持续发展而努力。     

低碳生态视角下哈尔滨市绿色交通及可持续发展对策研究

随着城市化和机动化的快速发展,出现了交通拥堵、交通安全及交通污染等一系列问题。为了缓解这些问题及推动哈尔滨市低碳生态城市建设,发展绿色交通已经迫在眉睫。本文在分析了哈尔滨市交通发展状况基础上,主要从构建一体化公共交通系统、自行车及步行慢行系统等五个方面探讨了哈尔滨市绿色交通及可持续发展对策。     

从交通文化角度看荷兰绿色交通发展的启示

本文以荷兰1995年和2011年的自行车交通发展对比为主线,从交通文化的角度剖析荷兰绿色交通的特点,深入分析荷兰交通枢纽周边交通规划、路权分配以及自行车交通文化的形成,以期通过交通文化的阐释为城市交通拥堵问题的缓解提供思路。     

西部山地城市非机动车道设计探讨

在山地城市缺乏非机动车出行条件和电单车日益普及的背景下,文章分析了山地城市路网空间特征和交通特征,提出非机动车出行方式的缺失是加剧城市出行结构恶化、交通节点拥堵难以缓解的重要因素之一。同时,介绍了当前山地城市非机动车道设计相关研究进展,以拓宽人行道为非机动车预留出行空间的方式来保障非机动车行车空间,并就人非共板道路设计、分级分类慢行体系和相关政策研究提出建议。     

Categorizing bicycling environments using GPS-based public bicycle speed data

A promising alternative transportation mode to address growing transportation and environmental issues is bicycle transportation, which is human-powered and emission-free. To increase the use of bicycles, it is fundamental to provide bicycle-friendly environments. The scientific assessment of a bicyclist’s perception of roadway environment, safety and comfort is of great interest. This study developed a methodology for categorizing bicycling environments defined by the bicyclist’s perceived level of safety and comfort. Second-by-second bicycle speed data were collected using global positioning systems (GPS) on public bicycles. A set of features representing the level of bicycling environments was extracted from the GPS-based bicycle speed and acceleration data. These data were used as inputs for the proposed categorization algorithm. A support vector machine (SVM), which is a well-known heuristic classifier, was adopted in this study. A promising rate of 81.6% for correct classification demonstrated the technical feasibility of the proposed algorithm. In addition, a framework for bicycle traffic monitoring based on data and outcomes derived from this study was discussed, which is a novel feature for traffic surveillance and monitoring.     

完整街道扫描仪:智慧城市人居环境感知新技术

完整街道扫描仪以"连通"为目的构建,以移动载具的形式在未来城市的路网中部署、载人运行,借助其上搭载的传感器、车联网功能扩展出对交通流、街道环境、行人进行扫描、记录、分析、影响的能力,成为一种面向未来智慧城市的人居环境感知系统。当完整街道扫描仪成规模部署后,其作用将不仅限制于交通领域,还将深入参与进共享经济、数据安全、城市发展规划,有潜力成为一种新的经济发展模式。本文聚焦从单车智能到人居环境智能的城市管理智能化维度需求演变,从未来交通管理、未来城市管理与数字经济产业支撑三个方向对完整街道扫描仪满足未来智慧城市的需求进行阐述。同时,也总结出了完整街道扫描仪的原型系统概念模型,以及已搭建进行的示范应用。     

Prioritizing bicycle paths in Belo Horizonte City,Brazil: Analysis based on user preferences and willingness considering individual heterogeneity

Using bicycles as a commuting mode has proven to be beneficial to both urban traffic conditions and travelers’ health. In order to efficiently design facilities and policies that will stimulate bicycle use, it is necessary to first understand people’s attitudes towards bicycle use, and the factors that may influence their preferences. Such an understanding will enable reliable predictions of bicycle use willingness level, based on which cycling facility construction can be reasonably prioritized.As people often have different perceptions on exercising, green transportation, and traffic conditions, effects of potentially influencing factors on people’s willingness of using bicycles tend to be highly heterogeneous. This paper uses a random parameter ordered probit model to analyze how travelers’ willingness of using bicycles is influenced by various socio-economic factors in Belo Horizonte City, Brazil, with the consideration of individual heterogeneity. The data was collected through the 2010 bicycle use survey in Belo Horizonte City. Results show that, first, the willingness of using bicycle is favored by middle income class household, and negatively related with commuting time. Second, people who rent apartments tend to be more willing to use bicycles. Third, if a person is currently walking a long time to work, he/she would be most willing to commute with a bicycle in the future. Those currently commuting a relatively short distance by motorcycle and bus follow this group in terms of willingness to commute by bicycle in the future. Car users seem to be difficult to convert to bicycle users. Moreover, the estimation shows clear evidence that significant individual heterogeneity indeed exists, especially for education level, necessitating the consideration of such an effect. With the calibrated model, residents’ willingness of using bicycle commuting is then estimated for the entire Belo Horizonte City using the 2010 Census and the 2012 O/D survey data. The results are cross validated using the bicycle path preference information, also obtained from the 2010 bicycle use survey.     

Roadway and traffic characteristics for bicycling

The promotion of bicycle transportation includes the provision of suitable infrastructure for cyclists. In order to determine if a road is suitable for bicycling or not, and what improvements need to be made to increase the level of service for bicycles on specific situations, it is important to know how cyclists perceive the characteristics that define the roadway environment. The present paper describes research developed to define which roadway and traffic characteristics are prioritized by users and potential users in the evaluation of quality of roads for bicycling in urban areas of Brazilian medium-sized cities. A focus group discussion identified 14 attributes representing characteristics that describe the quality of roads for bicycling in Brazilian cities. In addition, an attitude survey was applied with individuals to assess their perception on the attributes, along with the importance given to each one of them. The results were analyzed through the Method of Successive Intervals Analysis, which allows the transformation of categorical data into an interval scale. The analysis suggests that both the roadway and traffic characteristics related to segments and those related to intersections are important to the survey respondents. The five most important attributes, in their opinion, are: (1) lane width; (2) motor vehicle speed; (3) visibility at intersections; (4) presence of intersections; and (5) street trees (shading). Therefore, the research suggests that to promote bicycle use in Brazilian medium-sized cities, these attributes must be prioritized.     

Bicycle mode share in China: a city-level analysis of long term trends

In the past 15 years, cities in China have experienced big changes in socioeconomic and traffic conditions, resulting in a long term change in bicycle use. This study aims to quantify the changes in bicycle mode share in Chinese cities and explore the potential causes. Based on data from 51 cities, it is found that bicycle mode share at the city level decreased gradually in the past. Conventional bicycle mode share decreased with a rate of 3 % per year, but electric bicycle mode share increased with a rate of 2 % per year. The correlations between city features such as demographics and built environments and bicycle mode share at different city sizes are compared. The generalized linear models are estimated to relate the changes in the share of different trip modes to various city-level factors. The results show that the bicycle mode share in a city is impacted by factors including city area size, population density, number of cars, percentage of local road mileage among all roads, and trip purpose. Possible reasons for the changes in bicycle uses in Chinese cities are explored and policy implications are discussed.     

Exploring public bicycle network structure based on complex network theory and shortest path analysis: the public bicycle system in Yixing,China

A well-functioning public bicycle system relates not only to its mode of operation, vehicle allocation, rental station layout and vehicle leasing configuration, but also the bicycle network structure and its formation. However, the latter aspects have been widely overlooked in China. Here, we help to further attract more researchers to conduct relevant studies and make suggestions for the development of public bicycle transport in many small and medium-sized cities across the world. We demonstrate how to explore the public bicycle network structure of a county-level Chinese city – Yixing – known for its clay ware and tourism. We show that complex network theory and shortest path analysis technology are useful in characterizing the public bicycle network structure, in aspects such as network topology, the spatial distribution of sub-networks and traffic flows. Finally, the paper proposes relevant urban planning strategies.     

Subjective well-being in China: how much does commuting matter?

With rapidly increasing urbanization and motorization in China, the effect of commuting on residents’ subjective well-being (SWB) is likely growing. We used 13,261 individual, 124 city, and 401 neighbourhood samples from the 2014 China Labour-Force Dynamics Survey (CLDS 2014) and applied multilevel mixed-effects ordered probit regressions to investigate the relationship between commuting and SWB. We found huge differences between urban and rural areas in relation to commuting. Urban respondents’ daily average commuting time was 0.56 h while rural respondents’ daily average commuting time was 0.41 h. Further, the daily average commute time for residents living in cities with high urbanization rates (> 70%) was longer than for those living in cities with low urbanization rates (< 70%). The subjective well-being of residents who commute by walking or cycling was significantly lower than that of those who commute by other transportation modes. The regression results indicated that the longer the commute time, the lower the subjective well-being. Among residents who live in rural areas or cities with low urbanization, subjective well-being was more easily affected by commuting time. Commuting time was also found to influence residents’ job satisfaction and family life satisfaction, which in turn influence SWB. China’s current development mode ignores the traffic needs of vulnerable groups. Therefore, future traffic construction should increase its prioritization of these vulnerable transportation groups.

     

衡水市冬季公交免费乘坐政策实施效果评估

优先发展公共交通,倡导绿色出行方式,可以缓解交通拥堵,减少交通污染。河北省衡水市在国内率先实施了冬季公交免费乘坐政策,政策出台的初衷是为了改善衡水市空气质量,经综合评估后,该政策在提高公交乘客满意度、增强公共交通吸引力和缓解交通拥堵等方面取得了明显成效,为国内三、四线城市的公共交通优先发展提供了有益的经验借鉴。     

Exploring the impact of walk–bike infrastructure,safety perception,and built-environment on active transportation mode choice: a random parameter model using New York City commuter data

This study estimates a random parameter (mixed) logit model for active transportation (walk and bicycle) choices for work trips in the New York City (using 2010–2011 Regional Household Travel Survey Data). We explored the effects of traffic safety, walk–bike network facilities, and land use attributes on walk and bicycle mode choice decision in the New York City for home-to-work commute. Applying the flexible econometric structure of random parameter models, we capture the heterogeneity in the decision making process and simulate scenarios considering improvement in walk–bike infrastructure such as sidewalk width and length of bike lane. Our results indicate that increasing sidewalk width, total length of bike lane, and proportion of protected bike lane will increase the likelihood of more people taking active transportation mode This suggests that the local authorities and planning agencies to invest more on building and maintaining the infrastructure for pedestrians. Further, improvement in traffic safety by reducing traffic crashes involving pedestrians and bicyclists, will increase the likelihood of taking active transportation modes. Our results also show positive correlation between number of non-motorized trips by the other family members and the likelihood to choose active transportation mode. The model would be an essential tool to estimate the impact of improving traffic safety and walk–bike infrastructure which will assist in investment decision making.     

Understanding bikeability: a methodology to assess urban networks

Transportation - A fully separated bicycle network from vehicular traffic is not realistic even for the most bicycle-friendly cities. Thus, all around the world urban cycling entails switching...