“六项创新”助力城市公交优先

近期要把BRT作为缓解交通拥堵的重要措施，大中城市基本形成以快速公交系统为主体的公共交通系统；远期要与土地综合开发利用结合起来，作为促进城市可持续发展的重大战略。对部分城市不具备建设快速公交系统的，在现有城市道路要因地制宜设置公共交通优先专用线（道）     

快速公交系统碳减排计算研究

发展低碳交通是我国节能减排的重要措施之一。快速公交系统不仅能够缓解城市交通拥堵,还可以降低我国温室气体排放。文章以快速公交系统为研究对象,以西北地区某城市BRT项目为例,运用CDM方法学对快速公交系统的碳减排量进行了详细的计算,结果显示该项目的年均减排量为13 145吨CO2,并分析出该项目主要的碳减排影响因素为车用燃料类型,最后建议在发展BRT项目时更多地考虑气电混合动力车和纯电动汽车。     

济南快速公交系统提上议事日程

11月27日，一场关于城市快速公交系统的专家讲座在济南举行，主讲人是来自台湾等地的3位专家。听众则是市建委、规划局、交通局等部门的主要负责人。这场讲座透露出的一个信号是，济南的城市快速公交系统建设已经提上议事日程。     

快速公交智能系统框架结构研究

<正>在世界诸多城市建设快速公交系统的大力影响和我国相关政策的有力推动下,国内交通界和各大城市开始把快速公交系统(BRT)推到了缓解城市交通     

兰州快速公交线乘客满意度分析

城市快速公交系统(BRT)是一种高运量、快速的交通服务模式,一直被视为缓解城市交通问题的一剂良药。本文以兰州市快速公交1号线为研究对象,通过设计问卷调查获得其目前的运营情况。针对快速公交系统的舒适性、时效性与经济性等评价因子建立BRT乘客满意度评价指标体系。并借用区间数特征根法(IEM)计算相关指标的各自权重,基于Vague集建立乘客满意度的综合评价模型,最后以对兰州市快速公交1号线为算例验证模型的有效性。结果表明:乘客对BRT在时效性较为满意,而在拥堵状况、服务质量提升、换乘方面需进一步做积极调整。     

城市高架桥现浇箱梁支架设计与施工

本文以厦门市快速公交系统(BRT)2号线(同安线)工程为例,介绍城市高架桥现浇箱梁的支架设计与施工方案,供同类工程设计和施工参考。     

快速公交系统实施绩效的评估研究

快速公交系统(Bus Rapid Transit,简称BRT)是落实"公交优先"发展战略的重要措施,我国已在21个城市开通运营。BRT作为政府财政投入的公共交通事业项目,需要建立绩效评价、比较和相应的政策反馈机制,以更好地实现对"公交优先"战略中公共财政投入效果的评价和监管。本文从硬件设施水平、公交服务质量、企业经营效益、城市持续发展四个层面,构建了快速公交系统实施绩效的评价指标体系,用于对BRT运营绩效评价,做到及时追踪和动态监控,及时反馈与纠错,以保障BRT项目实施的公共利益。     

快速公交系统优先保障措施设计

由于城市交通供给矛盾突出,如何保障快速公交时间和空间的专属性,提高快速公交的服务水平,是目前大部分城市快速公交系统普遍存在的问题。本文结合郑州市三环快速公交的建设经验,从信号优先、标志标线、违法驶入抓拍、违法信息警示、视频监控等交通管理角度,提出了快速公交优先的保障措施。     

看BRT如何在最危险的街道挽救生命

<正>多数事故都出现在交通流线复杂的城市交叉口,对行人和骑车人的生命安全造成巨大威胁。而纽约尝试通过陕速公交系统建设,增加公交专用道和行人安全道,对交通进行安全分流,从而减少事故伤亡。因此BRT系统的设计也成为了今后美国提高道路交通安全的一项重要手段。依据一项来自纽约快速公交联盟(BRT for NYC coalition)的分析显示,在木港大道和Cross Bay大道上,生命安全一直很难得到保障,这也使东南皇后区走廊的快速公交系统的实现变得更加紧迫。事故数据让我们清楚得认识到美国交通部木港快速公交系统     

快速公交系统站台停靠时间模型研究

快速公交系统停靠站台停车延误是影响快速公交运行车速的关键因素之一,因此构建快速公交系统站台停靠时间模型是提升快速公交服务水平的基础理论研究。本文选取盐城BRT-1号线的起始站、中途站、客流离散站等三类站点为研究对象,综合运用数理统计法与数据挖掘法,构建快速公交系统站台停靠时间模型,并对该模型的合理性进行了检验。研究表明:盐城市BRT-1号线三类站台的快速公交车辆停靠时间与上下车乘客人数呈线性关系,即快速公交车辆停靠时间与上下车乘客人数的检验参数R2均大于0.8。     

Investigation of the use of smartphone applications for trip planning and travel outcomes

This paper explores the use of smartphone applications for trip planning and travel outcomes using data derived from a survey conducted in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 2015. The study provides empirical evidence of relationships of smartphone use for trip planning (e.g. departure time, destination, mode choice, coordinating trips and performing tasks online) and resulting travel outcomes (e.g. vehicle kilometers traveled, social gathering, new place visits, and group trips) and associated factors. Several sets of factors such as socio-economic characteristics and travel characteristics are tested and interpreted. Results suggest that smartphone applications mostly influence younger individuals’ trip planning decisions. Transit pass owners are the frequent users of smartphone applications for trip planning. Findings suggest that transit pass owners commonly use smartphone applications for deciding departure times and mode choices. The study also identifies the limited impact of smartphone application use on reducing travel outcomes, such as vehicle kilometers traveled. The highest impact is in visiting new places (a 48.8% increase). The study essentially offers an original in-depth understanding of how smartphone applications are affecting everyday travel.     

Development and validation of a direct mode choice model

A direct discrete mode choice model is introduced using relative attributes of competing modes as well as socioeconomic characteristics of travelers. The model is calibrated and validated for two available historic databases in the Dallas–Fort Worth region. The validation is conducted against the outputs of a current nested logit model used by the regional planning organization as well as the observed values based on transit ridership surveys for a newly inaugurated commuter rail service. The calibrated model is applied after the introduction of this new transit mode. The results show that the estimated mode shares by the proposed model have a statistically better consistency with the observed values than the estimates of the conventional nested logit model. Unlike the logit model, the structure of the direct model based on relative attributes also has the advantage of not needing recalibration each time a new travel mode is introduced. The model is found to be easier to calibrate and produces more accurate results than the nested logit model, commonly used by many metropolitan planning organizations.     

大洪山生态文化旅游区空间发展模式研究

文章针对近域旅游区主导旅游资源相似和相异并存的特点,提出旅游区＂整合-竞合＂发展模式（3C模式）,并以大洪山生态文化旅游区组织与规划为例,提出基于游客行为的旅游线路组织模式及相应的旅游公路网布局结构与交通设计理念。     

Spatial structure and mobility

The aim of this paper is to contribute to a clearer understanding of the extent to which the spatial structure and planning of the residential environment can explain mobility, in general, and the choice of mode of transport, in particular, and what spatial planning and traffic management aspects play a significant role in this. The research showed that certain aspects of the planned environment do indeed have a clear impact on mobility. These effects are particularly apparent in trips made for shopping and social or recreational purposes. It is mainly personal characteristics that largely or almost entirely determine commuter traffic. An integral approach to the planning of residential areas is required to achieve any great changes in mobility. Only then may we expect spatial planning to have any significant impact on car use.     

Travel mode choices in small cities of China: A case study of Changting

The existing literature on urban transportation planning in China focuses primarily on large cities and neglects small cities. This paper aims to fill part of the knowledge gap by examining travel mode choice in Changting, a small city that has been experiencing fast spatial expansion and growing transportation problems. Using survey data collected from 1470 respondents on weekdays and weekends, the study investigates the relationship between mode choice and individuals’ socio-economic characteristics, trip characteristics, attitudes, and home and workplace built environments. While more than 35 percent of survey respondents are car owners, walk, bicycle, e-bike, and motorcycle still account for over 85 percent of trips made during peak hours. E-bike and motorcycle are the dominant means of travel on weekdays, but many people shift to walking and cycling on weekends, making non-motorized and semi-motorized travel especially important for non-commuting trips. Results of multinomial logistic regression show that: (1) job-housing balance might exert different effects on mode choice in different types of urban areas; (2) negative attitude towards e-bike and motorcycle is associated with more walking and cycling; and (3) land use diversity of workplace is related to commuting mode choice on weekdays, while land use diversities of both residential and activity places do not significantly affect mode choice on weekends. Our findings imply that planning and design for small cities needs to differentiate land use and transportation strategies in various types of areas, and to launch outreach programs to shift people’s mode choice from motorized travel to walking and cycling.     

北京市轨道交通房山线功能定位分析研究

轨道交通线路功能定位对确定线路的技术标准、运营模式、系统制式等具有决定作用.房山线作为北京近期建设的轨道交通，其功能定位存在较多不确定因素，是北京线网规划阶段一个尚未完全解决的问题，也是项目可行性研究的难点之一。通过研究各层面关键因素对房山线功能的影响，对其定位进行分析，从而为该线的设计提供参考.     

Multi‐objective airport gate assignment problem in planning and operations

We consider the assignment of gates to arriving and departing flights at a large hub airport. This problem is highly complex even in planning stage when all flight arrivals and departures are assumed to be known precisely in advance. There are various considerations that are involved while assigning gates to incoming and outgoing flights (such a flight pair for the same aircraft is called a turn) at an airport. Different gates have restrictions, such as adjacency, last‐in first‐out gates and towing requirements, which are known from the structure and layout of the airport. Some of the cost components in the objective function of the basic assignment model include notional penalty for not being able to assign a gate to an aircraft, penalty for the cost of towing an aircraft with a long layover, and penalty for not assigning preferred gates to certain turns. One of the major contributions of this paper is to provide mathematical model for all these complex constraints that are observed at a real airport. Further, we study the problem in both planning and operations modes simultaneously, and such an attempt is, perhaps, unique and unprecedented. For planning mode, we sequentially introduce new additional objectives to our gate assignment problem that have not been studied in the literature so far—(i) maximization of passenger connection revenues, (ii) minimization of zone usage costs, and (iii) maximization of gate plan robustness—and include them to the model along with the relevant constraints. For operations mode, the main objectives studied in this paper are recovery of schedule by minimizing schedule variations and maintaining feasibility by minimal retiming in the event of major disruptions. Additionally, the operations mode models must have very, very short run times of the order of a few seconds. These models are then applied to a functional airline at one of its most congested hubs. Implementation is carried out using Optimization Programming Language, and computational results for actual data sets are reported. For the planning mode, analyst perception of weights for the different objectives in the multi‐objective model is used wherever actual dollar value of the objective coefficient is not available. The results are also reported for large, reasonable changes in objective function coefficients. For the operations mode, flight delays are simulated, and the performance of the model is studied. The final results indicate that it is possible to apply this model to even large real‐life problems instances to optimality within short run times with clever formulation of conventional continuous time assignment model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Campus parking supply impacts on transportation mode choice

Parking demand is a significant land-use problem in campus planning. The parking policies of universities and large corporations with facilities located in small urban areas shape the character of their campuses. These facilities will benefit from a simplified methodology to study the effects of parking availability on transportation mode mix and impacts on recruitment and staffing policies. This paper, based on a case study of North Dakota State University in the United States, introduces an analytical framework to provide planners with insights about how parking supply and demand affects campus transportation mode choice. The methodology relies only on aggregate mode choice data for the special generator zone and the average aggregate volume/capacity ratio projections for all external routes that access the zone. This reduced data requirement significantly lowers analysis cost and obviates the need for specialized modelling software and spatial network analysis tools. Results illustrate that the framework is effective for analysing mode choice changes under different scenarios of parking supply and population growth.     

Analyzing the impact of a planned transit-oriented development on mode share and traffic conditions

ABSTRACT

Transit-oriented development (TOD) is a popular planning strategy used to maximize accessibility to transit for various trip purposes. The quantitative effects of TOD on travel mode shift and traffic congestion have not been extensively tested in the current literature. This paper utilizes a seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) mode share model and a mesoscopic dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model to analyze the impact of a planned TOD in Maryland. The proposed model aims at improving the understanding of the quantitative impacts of such a TOD on mode share and traffic congestion. The main result of the mode share model indicates that the increase in transit ridership for a transit accessible shopping center is not that significant. Local traffic conditions will deteriorate due to a lack of investment in road infrastructure planned for the TOD area. The proposed method could be a valuable tool for other indicative land development or transportation policy analyses.