碰撞单元刚度对桥梁碰撞效应的影响

城市桥梁是城市交通网络的枢纽工程,建设成本高,一旦遭遇地震破坏,不仅会导致严重的交通瘫痪和巨大的经济损失,而且其震后修复极其困难且费用大,因此,城市桥梁的抗震防灾问题日益受到学术界和工程界的高度重视。近几十年的几次大地震表明,地震时桥梁大多因发生碰撞而引发破坏、落梁甚至坍塌等严重灾害。桥梁结构本身有其缺点,在通常情况下可能表现不出来,但是在强震下,特别是桥梁的上部结构由于邻梁或邻联间相互撞击而导致落梁和墩底的破坏甚至倒塌。因此有必要对桥梁结构进行碰撞效应分析。     

车桥耦合模型研究

文章推导了简支梁桥在移动荷载、移动刚体和弹簧质量块三种简化车辆模型作用下的车辆-桥梁系统振动微分方程,编制了基于龙格-库塔法的车桥耦合分析程序,并结合算例比较分析了简支梁桥在三种不同车辆简化模型作用下的动力响应。     

城市枢纽互通小半径弯梁结构计算分析研究

以京沪高速济南连接线工程搬倒井互通A匝道上跨B匝道桥小半径弯桥段为背景,采用大型有限元软件MIDAS/CIVIL 2010建立基于梁单元的全桥空间有限元模型,详细计算分析恒载、汽车活载、系统温度、温度梯度、预应力荷载和制动力多种必要荷载组合作用下的桥梁效应。最后,推荐在设计过程中应采用的较合理的计算方法。     

防屈曲支撑在双柱式墩连续梁桥中的应用研究

文章以某实桥工程(—座双柱式桥墩三跨连续梁桥)为例,采用开源有限元程序OpenSees建立有限元模型,分析了设置不同形式的BRB(防屈曲支撑)桥梁在横向地震荷载作用下的地震需求、不同支座类型的桥梁设置BRB后的抗震能力。分析结果表明:BRB对双柱式墩连续梁桥有明显的抵抗地震作用的能力,根据设置方式不同,抵抗地震的能力也不尽相同;BRB对采用各种类型支座的桥梁都有明显抵抗地震作用的能力,其中盆式橡胶支座桥梁采用BRB对桥梁抗震作用最为明显。     

双肢薄壁高墩大跨度连续刚构桥抗震性能分析

大跨度高墩连续刚构桥是跨越深山沟或江河的一种广泛的结构形式,其地震作用下的响应与中小跨径混凝土梁桥有所不同,本文以福建省沈海复线福鼎贯岭至柘荣段桐山溪特大桥(104+200+104 m)为工程背景,采用有限元分析软件Midas/civil构建有限元模型,进行结构特征值分析及地震作用下的反应谱分析,得到桥梁在地震作用下的动力响应,并研究了双肢薄壁墩墩间联系梁对大跨度连续刚构桥抗震性能的影响。     

连续刚构桥空实心墩地震响应对比分析

文章以某座高墩大跨弯连续刚构桥为背景,建立空间有限元模型,并进行线弹性时程分析,对比研究空实心墩对结构动力特性及地震响应的影响规律。结果表明,在材料用量相当的情况下,双薄壁实心墩桥梁综合地震响应小于空心墩桥梁的地震响应。其研究成果可为高墩大跨连续刚构桥初步设计及弹性抗震设计提供参考。     

基于动力特性的大跨径连续刚构桥的敏感性分析

桥梁长期置于外界自然环境中,不可避免的会受到众多因素的影响,桥梁的各部分构件的性能均会随时间发生不同程度的变化,这不仅会对桥梁的静力特性产生很大的影响,对桥梁结构的动力特性同样有很大的影响,但是对动力特性的影响关注较少。为了研究哪些参数对桥梁的动力特性影响最大,本文以某大跨径连续刚构桥为依托工程,利用ANSYS有限元软件建立了某大跨连续刚构桥梁全桥有限元模型,研究了弹性模量、预应力钢筋损失、混凝土容重等几种主要因素对大跨径连续刚构桥梁的动力特性的影响,从而得到该类桥型的模态频率敏感性最大的因素,为以后对连续刚构桥梁的维修加固及动力特性研究提供依据。     

简支梁桥无伸缩缝化改造设计实例

无伸缩缝桥梁可以避免桥头跳车,增加桥梁的耐久性。本文介绍了无伸缩缝桥梁的常用改造方案,并详细阐述了泉州一座4×20m简支梁桥的无伸缩缝改造设计方案,可以为同类桥梁的无伸缩缝改造设计提供借鉴。     

桥梁抗震研究进展分析

桥梁抗震理论和技术的研究成果,决定着桥梁抗震设计理论未来的发展方向。文章针对第十六届世界工程大会关于桥梁抗震方面的研究进行总结分析,主要涉及了桥墩碰撞和接触问题、桥梁地震反应分析、桥梁耗能方法研究、大跨度桥梁抗震设计、基于地震可恢复性桥梁减震措施等方面的研究成果。     

武宣县黔江特大桥关键施工阶段内力分析

武宣县黔江特大桥主桥采用预应力混凝土连续刚构结构,文章综合考虑各种荷载情况,建立全桥有限元模型对该桥主桥三个关键施工阶段(最大悬臂状态、边跨合拢状态、中跨合拢状态)的内力进行了全面分析,得到了结构体系约束不断增加,墩顶最大弯矩向中跨及边跨迁移的规律,可为预应力混凝土连续刚构桥的设计及施工控制提供参考和借鉴。     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.     

盾构隧道管片接头抗剪力学性能研究

通过对南京长江盾构隧道环向管片接头进行的三组原型抗剪(无螺栓剪切、有螺栓逆剪和有螺栓顺剪)加载试验,分析研究了管片接头在剪力作用下的受力、变形和破坏特征,给出了管片接头混凝土接触面的静摩擦系数,得到了接头剪力主要由混凝土接触面承担、破坏形式为连接斜螺栓剪切延性破坏的结论。通过对管片结构的有限元数值模拟计算得出:接头处的剪力与轴力比小于接缝面的摩擦系数,管片不会发生相互错动,结构是稳定的。     

管道施工组织设计

在管道工程建设中，管道施工组织设计是一项重要的经济管理性文件，也是验证施工企业在工程建设中具有的施工实力和管理水平的综合技术能力体现。它对工程建设项目施工全过程活动的质量、进度、技术、安全、经济和管理组织起着不可估量的重要作用。     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

Evaluation of pedestrian crosswalk level of service (LOS) in perspective of type of land-use

In India pedestrians usually cross the road at mid-block crosswalks due to ease of access to their destination or the development of adjacent land use types such as shopping, business areas, school and residential areas. The behaviour of pedestrian will change with respect to different land use type and this change in behaviour of pedestrian further reflects change in perceived level of service (LOS). So, it is important to evaluate the quality of service of such crossing facilities with respect to different land-use type under mixed traffic conditions. In this framework, pedestrian perceived LOS were collected with respect to different land-use type such as shopping, residential and business areas. The ordered probit (OP) model was developed by using NLOGIT software package, with number of vehicles encountered, road crossing difficulty as well as safety considered as primary factors along with pedestrian individual factors (gender and age), land-use type and roadway geometry. From the model results, it has been concluded that perceived safety, crossing difficulty, land-use condition, number of vehicles encountered, median width and number of lanes have significant effect on pedestrian perceived LOS at unprotected (un-signalized) mid-block crosswalks in mixed traffic scenario. The inferences of these results highlights the importance of land use planning in designing a new set of pedestrian access facilities for unprotected mid-block crosswalks under mixed traffic conditions. Also the study results would be useful for evaluating pedestrian accessibility taking into account different land-use type and planning required degree of segregation with vehicular movement at unprotected mid-block crosswalk locations.     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。