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荣朝和认为,铁路投融资改革目前还在按照旧的思路推进,还是在想办法给铁路找钱圈钱,这样很难解决问题,应该先解决体制问题,才能达到目的。他认为,铁路引入社会资本的前提,除政企分开之外,至少还需要在已有债务重组、铁路企业重组、市场反垄断规则构建、包括调度指挥在内的产权关系梳理、地方政府铁路事权的明确、综合交通体制及其规划制度等方面进行改革配套,其中任何一项都绕不过去。 相似文献
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一、问题的提出20世纪80年代以来,随着我国铁路产业由计划经济体制向市场经济体制的过渡,市场治理和企业治理的功能得到了不断加强,铁路产业实施过的利润分成制、利改税、大包干、资产经营责任制等改革举措都是为了塑造“自主经营、自负盈亏、自我约束、自我发展”的铁路运输企业,从而适应市场经济体制的竞争规则和资源配置方式。尽管许多重大经营权如调度指挥权等依旧保留在政企合一的铁道部手中,但从某种意义上说,我国铁路产业改革历程就是一个企业经营控制权由政府机构不断下移给以铁路局为经营单位的过程,是一个不断调整与明晰权力的过… 相似文献
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铁路体制改革是我国垄断行业改革的最后攻坚堡垒之一,备受政府和社会各界关注,要求对铁路体制进行改革的呼声也在不断增强。但是,时至今日铁路体制改革的方案仍悬而未决。为此,笔者就铁路体制改革问题谈几点个人看法。一、铁路体制改革的必要性与改革目的(一)现行铁路体制改革的必要性1. 社会主义市场经济体制的要求党的十六大明确了本世纪头20年经济建设和改革的主要任务是,完善社会主义市场经济体制,推动经济结构战略性调整。建立原因之一。因此,可以说是现在的铁路体制问题造成了效率低下和社会福利受损。铁路运输生产的产品具有多样性和… 相似文献
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<正> 一、关于铁路经营体制问题 随着市场经济在中国的发展,中国铁路运能与运量不适应的局面已暂让位于供给与需求的不适应,突出表现是高附加值货物等纷纷离开铁路,寻求其它快捷、准时的交通运输方式,使铁路交通份额总体上呈下滑态势,究其原因:一是政企不分管理体制上的问题;二是大而全、市场主体不明确等经营机制上的问题;三是工程、工业、物资等非运输企业机构调整、企业重组上的问题;四是职工养老、保险、医疗、经济等社会保障制度上的问题;五是企业公有制形式多样化方面的问题。 铁路的经营体制调整要加快面向市场改革的步伐,主要内容有: 1.实行政企分开,全面推行公司化改革试点,建立产权明晰的现代化企业制度,明确铁路局为市场经营主体,落实资产经营责任制。 2.逐步且有力地削弱计划经济时期延续下 相似文献
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开展水土流失监测是水土保持监管的重要手段。文章以广西沿海高速公路改扩建工程一期工程水土保持监测实践为例,分析了工程建设水土流失特点,介绍了水土保持监测技术和方法,并通过对工程实例监测结果的分析评价,提出了水土保持监测工作中易出现的问题及相应的解决方案。 相似文献
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Caspar G. Chorus 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2012,46(7):1003-1012
This paper studies to what extent the Logsum-measure of user benefits relates to travelers’ perceptions of choice set-desirability and choice-satisfaction. Knowing these relations is important since researchers have recently started to analyze and interpret user benefits in general – and Logsums in specific – in terms of these more behaviorally oriented notions, rather than in terms of expected utility. Participants to a stated route choice experiment were asked to indicate, after each choice made, to what extent they considered the choice set to be desirable, or to what extent they were satisfied with the chosen alternative. These measurements were correlated with Logsums that were computed for each choice situation. In addition, the paper derives a regret-based Logsum (which gives the expected regret of a choice situation) and presents a comparison with its utilitarian counterpart. Also for this regret-based Logsum, correlations with desirability- and satisfaction-ratings are computed. As a general finding, it appears that all computed correlations are rather weak. This suggests that, at least in the context of our data, the utility-based Logsum and its regret-based counterpart appear to have only a fairly weak connection with the behavioral notions of choice set-desirability and choice-satisfaction. 相似文献
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通过研究汽车与船舶的油耗特点,结合燃油种类与CO_2排放量的关系,建立了计算公路运输与水路运输单位耗油量与单位CO_2排放量的数学模型。通过敏感性分析,研究车速或航速与载货率对车辆或船舶单位CO_2排放量的影响。以从厦门港到盐田港的干散货运输为例,做了节能减排计算分析,并将结果与用其他方法获得的结果对比。在此基础上,对公路运输与水路运输节能减排做了敏感性分析研究,可以计算出能够体现水路运输节能减排优势的临界货运量。结果表明本文中介绍的方法能够为核算、比较公路运输与水路运输的节能减排效果提供更科学的量化参考。 相似文献
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Recent years have shown a rising popularity of the concept of resilience—both theoretically and empirically—in complex systems analysis. There is also a rising literature on resilience in the transport and spatial-economic field. The pluriform interpretation of resilience (e.g., engineering vs. ecological resilience) is related to methodological differences (e.g., stability in dynamics vs. evolutionary adaptivity). But in all cases the fundamental question is whether a complex system that is subjected to an external shock is able to recover, and if so, to which extent. The present paper [Based on presentation from cluster 6 (Accessibility) of the Nectar 2015 conference in Ann Arbour, USA.] aims to add a new dimension to resilience analysis in spatial systems, by addressing in particular the relationship between spatial accessibility at a municipality level and the resilience outcomes of the spatial system concerned. It does so by investigating to which extent accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities has mitigated the local shock absorption from the recent economic recession. In our study the shock absorption capacity of municipal accessibility is estimated by analysing the relevant resilience indicators for the period concerned. In this context, conventional resilience indicators based on either multivariate complex data (in particular, the Foster Resilience Capacity Index) or employment data (in particular, the Martin Resilience-Employment Index) are confronted with spatial connectivity data based on local accessibility measures, so that geographical mobility may be regarded as one of the shock-mitigating factors. The empirical analysis is carried out for two countries which have both proven to be rather shock-resistant during the recent economic crisis, viz. Sweden and The Netherlands. Clearly, the geographical structure of these countries forms a sharp mutual contrast, viz. a spatially dispersed economy with a few distinct urban concentrations versus a spatially dense economy with one major metropolitan centre (the Randstad), respectively. Our experiments are carried out for the 290 municipalities in Sweden and 40 COROPs in The Netherlands. Our research findings show relevant and new insights into differences in the local recovery potential in Sweden and The Netherlands. 相似文献
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隧道及地下工程结构防排水技术的发展和应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
文章总结了大瑶山隧道修建以来其复合式衬砌结构防排水试验研究和应用情况,介绍了塑料防水隔离层的防水机理及各种防水型式的优缺点,提出了改进建议. 相似文献
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