基于奔驰275发动机废气涡轮增压系统结构原理的检修及维护

增压技术是提高发动机功率和完善发动机性能的重要手段之一,一般采用废气涡轮增压系统实现增压目的。本文以奔驰275发动机的废气涡轮增压器系统为例,结合废气涡轮增压器系统结构和工作原理探寻如何进行行之有效的检查与维修,并给出了相应的维护保养建议。     

宝马车N20发动机双涡管废气涡轮增压系统解析

宝马轿车N20发动机采用了TwinScroll(带有双涡管涡轮壳体)技术的废气涡轮增压器,该废气涡轮增压器在涡轮入口处有两个独立通道,可将两组气缸的废气分别引至涡轮叶片处,更高效地利用脉冲增压效果,提高发动机功率,双涡管废气涡轮增压器在发动机进排气系统中的布置如图1所示。1双涡管废气涡轮增压系统的结构分析     

发动机新技术剖析（五）

（3）增压压力调节装置 废气涡轮增压器（如图23所示）的增压压力与到达废气涡轮增压器涡轮处的废气气流有直接关系。无论是废气气流的速度还是质量都直接取决于发动机转速和发动机负荷。发动机管理系统通过废气旁通阀调节增压压力。废气旁通阀由真空执行机构操纵,这些执行机构由发动机管理系统通过电子气动压力转换器（EPDW）来控制。     

宝马N54发动机新技术剖析(五)

(3)增压压力调节装置 废气涡轮增压器(如图23所示)的增压压力与到达废气涡轮增压器涡轮处的废气气流有直接关系.无论是废气气流的速度还是质量都直接取决于发动机转速和发动机负荷.发动机管理系统通过废气旁通阀调节增压压力.废气旁通阀由真空执行机构操纵,这些执行机构由发动机管理系统通过电子气动压力转换器(EPDW)来控制.     

奔驰进气增压装置分类与经典实例(三)

发动机转速超过2800r/min时,增压器旁通路和排气阀门打开,低压涡轮增压器产生的增压空气的绝大部分通过连接到增压空气冷却器和增压空气歧管的增压空气管流入高压涡轮增压器压缩机壳体的前部,低压涡轮增压器进而产生所需的增压压力,部分废气流驱动高压涡轮增压器的涡轮,如图20所示。由增压压力控制压力转换器促动的废气旁通阀调节生成的增压压力。     

2010款宝马X6增压压力过低

车型:E71,配置N55发动机。行驶里程:26000km。故障现象:用户反映车辆行驶中急加速时发动机无力,故障灯点亮。故障诊断:N55发动机采用的是单涡轮双涡管增压器,控制原理图如图1所示。废气涡轮增压器的增压压力与到达废气涡轮增压器涡轮处的废气气流有直接关系,无论是废气气流的速度还是质量都直接取决于发动机转速和发动机负荷。发动机管理系统DME通过废气旁通阀(减压阀)调节增压压力。废气旁通阀由真空执行机构操纵,这些执行机构由DME通过电子气动压力转换器(EPDW)来控制。     

连载 发动机废气涡轮增压知识问答(一)

1.什么是增压的增压器?增压有哪些基本类型? 2.发动机采用废气涡轮增压主要有哪些优点? 3.衡量增压的主要性能指标是什么? 4.废气涡轮增压器的工作原理如何? 5.废气涡轮增压的基本形式有哪两种? 6.废气涡轮增压器的结构如何?     

汽车知识与技术连载发动机废气涡轮增压知识问答（一）

1．什么是增压的增压器？增压有哪些基本类型？ 2．发动机采用废气涡轮增压主要有哪些优点？ 3．衡量增压的主要性能指标是什么？ 4．废气涡轮增压器的工作原理如何？ 5．废气涡轮增压的基本形式有哪两种？     

电子增压器

正电子增压器既不同于由发动机动力驱动的机械增压器,也不同于由发动机废气驱动的涡轮增压器,电子增压器是直接由电机驱动,随时介入,不会带来丝毫的迟滞感之前我们了解了机械增压、涡轮增压,以及机械增压+涡轮增压的双增压等技术,对于柴油发动机来说采用涡轮增压器增加效率是再正常不过的事,随着排放法规越来越严格,汽油发动机采用涡轮增压也成为了普     

奔驰柴油发动机结构原理与维修(五)

八、涡轮增压器1.增压器的演变增压的任务是提高发动机每个工作条件下相应的进气压力,并因此能够提高发动机的输出功率和扭矩。当前的柴油发动机安装了可变增压系统。带废气旁通门的涡轮增压器(VITO/VIANO、SPRINTER,65kW):为了控制进气压力大小,通过一个进气压力控制阀将废气气流转移到一个旁通道内,增压压力调节真空控制器(1)通过一个铰链将增压器压力控制阀门打开/关闭,如图31所示。     

康明斯涡轮增压器的使用与检修

介绍了康明斯涡轮增压柴油机长期在高温和高速条件下工作出现的各种故障及其特征 ,指出应严格按照要求对其进行定期的检查 ,及时维修 ,并阐述了康明斯汽车用废气涡轮增压器的正确使用和检修方法。     

Issues in the integration of active control turbochargers with internal combustion engines

The application of active control means to regulate the flow of exhaust gas in a turbocharger turbine is a concept developed by the Turbomachinery Group at Imperial College, London. It is a new concept the first results of which were made public in 2004. This paper presents the theoretical grounding behind the idea, its development and the elements required for a successful implementation of active control for a turbocharger turbine and the integration of such a turbocharger system within an internal combustion engine. This paper is intended to fill a gap in the theoretical understanding of the issues pertaining to the concept of Active Control for Turbocharger Turbines. The discussion is led towards a theory summarising the flow physics and their effect on the behaviour of the exhaust gas flow occurring during turbocharger turbine inlet geometrical changes and the implications from the periodic nature of these geometric changes in particular with respect to cycle performance results both for the turbocharger and for the engine. This paper is written with the purpose of presenting a realistic context of ACT operation by identifying and considering those parameters relevant to the operation and successful application of ACT to an internal combustion engine. In addition, the requirements for a dedicated ACT control strategy which can be effective in the ACT-engine integrated environment are, also, highlighted.     

491QE汽油机涡轮增压系统设计及模拟计算

为了提高491QE汽油机的性能,进行了增压系统的开发工作。通过计算确定了增压参数,并在原发动机基础上设计了定压排气管和脉冲转换排气管两种增压系统。利用循环模拟程序计算了491QE汽油机增压以后的性能。结果表明,脉冲转换系统在发动机废气能量的利用方面优于定压系统。     

Iterative Learning Control Algorithm for Feedforward Controller of EGR and VGT Systems in a CRDI Diesel Engine

The modern diesel engines equip the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system to suppress the NOx emissions. In addition, the variable geometric turbocharger (VGT) system is installed to improve the drivability and fuel efficiency. These EGR and VGT systems have cross-coupled behavior because they interact with the intake and the exhaust manifolds. Furthermore, the turbocharger time delay, gas flow dynamics through EGR pipe cause the nonlinearity characteristics. These nonlinear multi-input-multi-output characteristics cause the degradation of control accuracy, especially during the transient condition. In order to improve the control accuracy, this study proposes an iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm for feedforward controller of EGR and VGT systems. The feedforward controller obtains the values about EGR and VGT actuators using the previous control results in predefined transient states. The ILC algorithm consists of a PD-type learning function and a low-pass filter. The control gains of learning function are determined to guarantee the convergence of learning results. In addition, the low-pass filter is designed for robustness against plant disturbance. The proposed control algorithm was validated by engine experiment which repeated predefined transient states. The error was reduced by 15 % according to the gain. As a result, the proposed algorithm is affordable for improving the transient control performance.     

放气阀增压器在柴油机高原环境适应性改进中的应用研究

基于柴油机进排气高原环境模拟试验平台,针对所研制放气阀涡轮增压器,通过配机试验研究,获得结论如下:基于由冷态测量获得的放气阀开启特性,在考虑放气阀几何结构、排气脉冲压力波动等因素影响后得到预测特性,与高原模拟试验结果具有较好的一致性,偏差在7%以内;放气阀涡轮增压器具有较高的扭矩储备系数,可用于高原环境适应性动力改进,海拔4000 m工况可获得1.27扭矩储备系数,与常规增压器平原扭矩储备系数相当;在高原环境发动机进气量需要增加、压后压力需要提高的情况下,放气阀与平原工作状态近似,在最大扭矩点之后处于开启状态;与平原相比,高原4000 m工况压气机压后压力降低约60 kPa.通过更换高压比压气机放气阀涡轮增压器,在保持原有配机性能近似不变的情况下,可有效解决高原增压器超速问题,可使增压器转速在平原状态下降低10000 r/min左右,在高原4000 m工况,工作转速与更换前平原工作转速相当.     

Development of quantitative measuring technique to find critical flow conditions for preventing soot deposit accumulated in the diesel exhaust system using main muffler composed of three chambers

If a vehicle that meets emission regulations operates sufficiently for a long time under low speed and low load conditions, soot contained in the exhaust gas is accumulated on the inner surface of the exhaust system. This soot deposition problem occurs frequently in all diesel cars. However, when a vehicle is placed under the conditions of sudden start and sudden acceleration after city mode driving for a long time, the deposited soot is abruptly blown up with the soot produced during fuel combustion. In the present study, the main cause of the abrupt outburst of deposited soot is investigated to overcome this adverse phenomenon. First, we developed a method to quantify the amount of the exhausted soot particles (or the accumulated soot particles) by measuring the opacity that represents the contamination level of the exhaust gas due to soot particles. Using this measuring scheme for deposited soot, we found the critical conditions for engine speeds and load conditions at which soot particles are emitted into the air without accumulation in the exhaust system using main muffler composed of three chambers. In order to meet these critical conditions and thus to drastically reduce soot accumulation, the exhaust system using the main muffler applied in this study must be designed to ensure that the flow velocity of the exhaust gas is higher than 62 m/s when the back pressure at the exit of the turbocharger is under 0.08 bars.     

Study of strategy for model-based cooperative control of EGR and VGT in a diesel engine

There is a mutual influence between the effects of controlling exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and a variable geometry turbocharger (VGT). This paper presents an approach through the application of a control system CAD program and rapid prototyping tools to improve transient operating states by referring to a model-based exhaust recirculation and variable geometry turbocharger control algorithm. The operation model for estimating the state conditions of EGR and a VGT was built on the controller. Simulation and experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of optimized transient control are also described.     

废气旁通阀开度对增压直喷汽油机部分负荷性能的影响

汽油机节气门产生的节流损失对增压发动机泵气损失的影响相当严重,尤其是在中小负荷时,针对这一问题采用试验的方法研究了中小负荷下旁通阀开度对增压直喷汽油机性能的影响。研究结果表明,在节气门开度较小的小负荷工况下,涡轮增压器不宜工作,否则排气背压过大,对发动机非常不利;而废气旁通阀全开可以减小排气背压,能使发动机的动力性和经济性提高3%左右。对废气旁通阀的合理控制可以实现发动机在自然吸气和涡轮增压两种模式之间的转换。     

基于某两款发动机研究双涡管技术对于发动机性能的影响

随着现代社会对于传统汽车的动力性、经济性、排放性的要求越来越高,汽车发动机技术必须不断的推陈出新,才能满足日益严格市场要求。涡轮增压技术作为发动机的成熟技术,可以有效的提高发动机的动力性和经济性,如今已经被广泛的应用于汽车行业中。涡轮增压技术在拥有诸多优点的同时,也存在着一定的不足,如低速时响应性差、能量回收率低的问题。相对传统单涡管增压器,双涡管技术不仅有效分离了相互干扰的废气脉冲,提高了废气能量的利用效率,优化了增压过程,为发动机提供更强劲的动力;它同时还可以改善发动机低转速时,涡轮增压器反应迟滞的问题。文章对某两代发动机涡轮增压器进行对比,阐述了双涡管增压器的结构、工作原理以及技术先进性;同时,利用发动机台架实验采集两款发动机的实验数据,分析双涡管技术对于发动机性能的影响。     

Nonlinear sliding mode observer for exhaust manifold pressure estimation in a light-duty diesel engine

In this paper, a sliding mode observer is proposed to estimate exhaust pressure for a diesel engine equipped with variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems. Since the exhaust pressure directly affects generation of the VGT power and the EGR rate in the cylinder, the exhaust pressure information is important for precise control of the VGT and EGR systems. In order to estimate the exhaust pressure accurately, a dynamic model of intake and exhaust pressure was derived. Furthermore, the mass flow rate and temperature of the air system in the diesel engines were modeled by consideration of physical phenomena and the thermodynamic law. Based on the developed models, a nonlinear sliding mode observer was designed to estimate the exhaust pressure. Convergence of the proposed observer was verified by the Lyapunov stability criterion. The proposed observer was implemented on a real-time embedded system and validated with the engine experiments. The experimental results show that the observer estimates the exhaust pressure accurately in both steady and transient engine operating conditions. Moreover, as a case study, the estimation results of the proposed observer could be applied for detecting a fault of the EGR system. The fault of the EGR system was detected precisely using the estimation result and the limited sensor information in mass-produced engines.