道路运输统计分析的重要性及写作方法

论述了统计分析在运输管理工作中的重要作用,并提供了统计分析的写作方法。     

A path-following driver–vehicle model with neuromuscular dynamics,including measured and simulated responses to a step in steering angle overlay

An existing driver–vehicle model with neuromuscular dynamics is improved in the areas of cognitive delay, intrinsic muscle dynamics and alpha–gamma co-activation. The model is used to investigate the influence of steering torque feedback and neuromuscular dynamics on the vehicle response to lateral force disturbances. When steering torque feedback is present, it is found that the longitudinal position of the lateral disturbance has a significant influence on whether the driver’s reflex response reinforces or attenuates the effect of the disturbance. The response to angle and torque overlay inputs to the steering system is also investigated. The presence of the steering torque feedback reduced the disturbing effect of torque overlay and angle overlay inputs. Reflex action reduced the disturbing effect of a torque overlay input, but increased the disturbing effect of an angle overlay input. Experiments on a driving simulator showed that measured handwheel angle response to an angle overlay input was consistent with the response predicted by the model with reflex action. However, there was significant intra- and inter-subject variability. The results highlight the significance of a driver’s neuromuscular dynamics in determining the vehicle response to disturbances.     

公路规划设计节约集约用地审查体系研究

在规划设计阶段采取节约集约用地技术管理措施,有利于取得公路建设项目节约集约用地的最大效果。为此,建议在公路建设管理中引入规划设计节约集约用地审查制度,从其目的、流程,可行性研究、初步设计阶段、施工图设计等三阶段节约集约用地审查的技术条款和要点内容等方面,研究建立公路规划设计节约集约用地审查体系,以为在理论上建立和在实践上实现公路规划设计节约集约用地审查体系提供思路和技术支持。     

互通式立交出口设计技术问题探讨

针对互通式立交出口可能出现的多种情况,结合工程实践,探讨其设计技术问题,提出设计思路及技术对策,并在技术分析中强调融入“安全至上”“动态设计”“灵活性设计”“宽容性设计”等设计新理念,使出口设计安全、合理.     

水泥混凝土安全护栏

通过水泥混凝土安全护栏在道路交通中的实际应用，对其结构形式和主要参数以及具体的施工方法进行了较为详实的叙述，并对比介绍了水泥混凝土安全护栏的使用效果。     

目前我国的高速公路项目后评价

结合在北京、江苏、广西等地的调研经验,对现阶段高速公路项目后评价工作中存在的尖锐问题展开了细致剖析,并在此基础上提出自己的几点建议,以供相关部门借鉴参考。     

新一代同步器开发与应用

随着用户对车辆驾驶舒适性要求的不断提高,国内重型商用车辆对全同步器型变速箱的需求迅速增长,有必要开发适合重型卡车变速箱恶劣工况的高性能同步器。设计人员从结构设计和材料选型2方面着手,设计了具有专利结构的钢环碳纤维摩擦材料同步器。工艺人员解决了制造过程中的技术难点,建成了高标准的同步器生产线。新一代同步器针对重型卡车变速箱恶劣工况而设计,在市场上获得了很大的成功。     

超薄磨耗层沥青混合料的应用研究

该文从研究超薄磨耗层的级配的选择入手,简单分析了超薄磨耗层的结构特点和强度形成机理,给出了几种国内外常用的超薄磨耗层级配范围,并提出了将SAC-10做为其研究的设计级配。在研究超薄磨耗层沥青混合料配合比设计的基础上,通过对SAC-10沥青混合料的马歇尔试验,确定了该沥青混合料的矿料级配和最佳沥青含量。最后采用车辙试验、浸水马歇尔和冻融劈裂试验及小梁弯曲试验等一系列试验,检测超薄磨耗层沥青混合料的各项路用性能,为在实际工程中的应用提供理论依据。     

基于DDS技术的发动机爆震信号仿真研究

基于直接数字频率合成(DDS)技术,通过设计相应的硬件电路来模拟发动机的爆震信号,在发动机平均值模型的基础上添加改进的双区燃烧模型,用以计算分析缸内燃烧过程,进而预测、判断爆震,并以爆震等级强弱等信息作为模型的输出量,最终驱动硬件电路产生信号。对信号的发生及处理过程作了针对性的研究。试验结果表明,模拟信号的幅值、频率等参数均可调,实时性满足系统的要求。     

公路工程监理人员市场供需模型研究

提出了建立监理人员需求和供给模型的方法,推导了计算公式。根据公路建设发展的历史数据,对历年公路建设监理人员需求和供给进行了计算和比较。     

轮胎位移包容性研究及有效路面谱计算方法

本文提出一种有效路形测量的新方法,研究轮胎的位移包容性。提出以轮胎包容参数为变量把真实路面功率谱变换为有效路面功率谱的新方法。该研究是道路激励模拟的基础研究。     

隧道出口减光防眩设计

以甘肃省某高速公路隧道洞口为例,通过对几种不同洞门减光防眩构造物（遮光棚、遮阳棚、遮光板）的比较研究,指出遮光棚不仅可解决减光过渡的问题,还可达到防眩的效果;通过对2种不利工况的分析,得出20°入射角是导致驾驶员失能眩光的角度。提出了遮光棚设计应注意的事项,如拱肋间距、铝合金管环向间距、亮度等。     

车队管理系统的理论与实践

车队管理系统是以车辆为基础,整合车辆数据记录、卫星定位和数据通信等功能的后台应用系统．可提供有效的车辆及驾驶员管理、实时车辆运送信息及安全监管信息。本文分析车队管理系统的发展历程;介绍车队管理系统的行业标准并提出相关建议。     

电动汽车常用牵引电动机

本文简要介绍电动汽车常用牵引电动机的种类、结构、工作原理、特点以及控制系统。     

生态驾驶研究现状及展望

为了明确国内外生态驾驶的研究进展，对生态驾驶影响因素、生态驾驶控制策略、生态驾驶实施效果及生态驾驶应用等方面的研究进行综述，介绍驾驶人个性特征、外界刺激信息、道路状况及交通条件、车辆自身特征、行驶参数等生态驾驶的影响因素，归纳生态驾驶的优化控制策略，分析了实施生态驾驶的效果，总结静态、动态的生态驾驶培训方法，生态驾驶辅助设备，生态型智能交通等方面的生态驾驶应用。对文献的梳理和分析表明：生态驾驶无需改变车辆结构便可以减少30%左右的燃油消耗，降低20%~30%的污染物排放；有必要深入研究理论型生态驾驶策略，以定量的、形象化的方式研究适合中国实际情况的生态驾驶辅助系统；需加强生态驾驶的推广，将其纳入驾考培训体系之中，从而全面促进中国驾驶人的节能减排能力。     

汽车空调两种节流制冷系统的工作原理与特点

阐述汽车空调制冷系统的基本工作原理,着重叙述膨胀阀式节流与孔管式节流制冷系统的特点。     

Development of quantitative measuring technique to find critical flow conditions for preventing soot deposit accumulated in the diesel exhaust system using main muffler composed of three chambers

If a vehicle that meets emission regulations operates sufficiently for a long time under low speed and low load conditions, soot contained in the exhaust gas is accumulated on the inner surface of the exhaust system. This soot deposition problem occurs frequently in all diesel cars. However, when a vehicle is placed under the conditions of sudden start and sudden acceleration after city mode driving for a long time, the deposited soot is abruptly blown up with the soot produced during fuel combustion. In the present study, the main cause of the abrupt outburst of deposited soot is investigated to overcome this adverse phenomenon. First, we developed a method to quantify the amount of the exhausted soot particles (or the accumulated soot particles) by measuring the opacity that represents the contamination level of the exhaust gas due to soot particles. Using this measuring scheme for deposited soot, we found the critical conditions for engine speeds and load conditions at which soot particles are emitted into the air without accumulation in the exhaust system using main muffler composed of three chambers. In order to meet these critical conditions and thus to drastically reduce soot accumulation, the exhaust system using the main muffler applied in this study must be designed to ensure that the flow velocity of the exhaust gas is higher than 62 m/s when the back pressure at the exit of the turbocharger is under 0.08 bars.     

天津滨海地区钢筋混凝土桥梁病害调查与耐久性设计

该文对天津滨海地区桥梁耐久性现状进行了调查,分析了钢筋混凝土桥梁失效的主要模式,指出桥梁防水失效是导致桥梁病害发生的最直接诱因,提出设计要贯彻整体性防水的理念,要重视结构的细部防水,从选材、设计与施工、维护各个环节着手来提高钢筋混凝土桥梁的耐久性。     

A model of driver steering control incorporating the driver's sensing of steering torque

Steering feel, or steering torque feedback, is widely regarded as an important aspect of the handling quality of a vehicle. Despite this, there is little theoretical understanding of its role. This paper describes an initial attempt to model the role of steering torque feedback arising from lateral tyre forces. The path-following control of a nonlinear vehicle model is implemented using a time-varying model predictive controller. A series of Kalman filters are used to represent the driver's ability to generate estimates of the system states from noisy sensory measurements, including the steering torque. It is found that under constant road friction conditions, the steering torque feedback reduces path-following errors provided the friction is sufficiently high to prevent frequent saturation of the tyres. When the driver model is extended to allow identification of, and adaptation to, a varying friction condition, it is found that the steering torque assists in the accurate identification of the friction condition. The simulation results give insight into the role of steering torque feedback arising from lateral tyre forces. The paper concludes with recommendations for further work.