中国制造——安凯客车抢滩美国市场

近日，国内客车企业安凯客车生产的HFF6137K07D和HFF6217K46型号豪华客车，在上海港装船，正式出口美国，两款车型成为国内首款登陆美国加州市场的客车产品。     

安凯：安全文化之旅启航

2009年4月25日，安凯在北京举行了安全之·道全国巡展启动仪式，高调向外界宣布将通过全国巡展开始安全文化之旅。启动仪式上，安凯大容量客车HFF6140S07D-1、HFF6120KZ-1、HFF6120K40D、HFF6125WK79和HFF6902K55绚丽亮相。这五款车型大部分都是安凯近年研发的符合大载客量趋势的豪华客车，引来不少业内人士驻足赞叹。     

ESC系统在重汽豪沃客车上的应用

营运客车安全技术条件JT/T1094对整车及主要总成、安全防护装置提出了更高的要求,其中明确要求整车装配电子稳定性控制系统ESC。为满足标准要求,抢先占领市场,重汽豪沃客车顺利完成了ESC系统的相关认证工作。本文重点介绍ESC系统在重汽豪沃客车上的应用。     

一种ESC系统在M3类客车上的应用测试

分析ESC系统国内外现状及相关法规标准,介绍某型号的ESC系统在某M3类客车上应用的性能测试情况,加深对ESC系统的认知。     

安全文化之旅，安凯“安全之·道”启航

4月25日，安凯在北京隆重举行了“安全之·道”全国巡展启动仪式暨北方高端客户研讨会，向北方客运企业展示了今年主推的HFF6140S07D-1、HFF6120KZ-1、HFF6120K40D、HFF6125WK79和HFF6902K55等5款豪华客车，高调宣布安凯安全文化之旅全国巡展开始。     

安凯客车举行华东“节油、安全”新产品展示会

以“节油、安全品质呈现”为主题的安凯客车新产品华东地区展示会于7月25日在温州召开。本次展示会安凯带来了6款营运客车新品，其中尊贵系列展示了HFF6140WK86—1、HFF6126WK79、HFF6120K03D和HFF6140S07D-1四款产品，凯富系列展示了HFF6900KZ-8和HFF612KZ-4两款产品。     

安全文化之旅，安凯“安全之·道”启航

4月25日，安凯在北京隆重举行了“安全之·道”全国巡展启动仪式暨北方高端客户研讨会，向北方客运企业展示了今年主推的HFF6140S07D-1、HFF6120KZ-1、HFF6120K40D、HFF6125WK79和HFF6902K55等5款豪华客车，高调宣布安凯安全文化之旅全国巡展开始。     

电子稳定控制系统在客车上的应用标定

介绍基于EBS的ESC系统的组成和功能,论述其在客车上的应用标定过程.     

客车电子稳定控制系统性能测试与评价

简要介绍国内外客车采用的电子稳定控制系统(ESC)测试评价方法,并按照测试方法的要求,介绍国家客车质检中心进行某客车ESC的测试评价情况。最后,对客车ESC的测试与评价提出建议。     

安凯豪华旅游客车K82D重磅出击

近日，秉承德国全承载安全车身技术的国内最大的豪华客车生产企业安凯公司在08年重点推出针对旅游市场设计的中高档旅游客车K82D系列，向世界展示了中国旅游客车的最高水准。1三大技术孕育安全与舒适安凯凯华K82D系列是安凯客车最新推出的中型客车产品，按照旅游客车的实际使用情况，进行底盘各总成的甄选和匹配，确保整个系统匹配合理、一致性好，有效控制车辆的噪音和振动。     

ESC试验方法研究

为了规范电子稳定控制系统(ESC)技术的发展和促进其技术水平的提升,需要不断完善相应的试验评价方法。文章参考国外相关研究机构的研究成果,详细介绍了《FMVSS 126电子稳定控制系统》规定的试验方法、J转向试验和Fishhook试验。为了推动国内ESC技术的发展,汽车产业相关管理部门、研究和试验机构应尽快开始研究并着手制定类似的试验法规;汽车生产企业也应该大力支持开展与ESC相关的研究,尽快实现ESC技术的国产化,提高产业竞争力。     

HFF6140K07CHEV插电式混合动力客车整车开发

简要介绍HFF6140K07CHEV插电式混合动力客车整车的开发、驱动控制系统的设计及整车动力电池组布置技术方案。     

ESC 液压控制单元设计与选型举例

文章根据整车系统和基础制动系统参数,以及AEB系统对ESC系统理论仿真的TTL要求,逆向计算,校验ESC系统液压控制单元的蓄能器参数、进液阀孔径、出液阀孔径、柱塞泵直径、偏心距、电机功率等,是否可以满足ESC增压能力,蓄能器回油能力等要求,以期达到整车性能表现。     

An alternative approach to automotive ESC based on measured wheel forces

Traditional electronic stability control (ESC) systems act on one or more wheels on the basis of a logic aiming at the control of variables that cannot be directly measured (vehicle sideslip angle and the tyre slip). Hence, a vehicle state estimator capable of evaluating the needed variables from the data of the input sensors is necessary. In the present paper, the authors discuss a different approach to the estimation problem, assuming that the forces acting on the wheels can be directly measured. The ESC feed-forward control logic is designed through a vehicle frequency response analysis in order to obtain a faster active system activation. The variable controlled by the logic is the tyre longitudinal force. Experimental results obtained on an ESC hardware-in-the-loop test bench prove the validity of the approach, showing enhanced dynamic performances, together with the limits due to the delays in the actuation of the ESC motor pump, which needs some time to build the pressure requested for the intervention on the selected callipers. Finally, the tests demonstrate the opportunity of closing the control loop on a variable (i.e. the force) that can be directly measured.     

Simulation methods supporting homologation of Electronic Stability Control in vehicle variants

ABSTRACT

Vehicle simulation has a long tradition in the automotive industry as a powerful supplement to physical vehicle testing. In the field of Electronic Stability Control (ESC) system, the simulation process has been well established to support the ESC development and application by suppliers and Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). The latest regulation of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UN/ECE-R 13 allows also for simulation-based homologation. This extends the usage of simulation from ESC development to homologation. This paper gives an overview of simulation methods, as well as processes and tools used for the homologation of ESC in vehicle variants. The paper first describes the generic homologation process according to the European Regulation (UN/ECE-R 13H, UN/ECE-R 13/11) and U.S. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS 126). Subsequently the ESC system is explained as well as the generic application and release process at the supplier and OEM side. Coming up with the simulation methods, the ESC development and application process needs to be adapted for the virtual vehicles. The simulation environment, consisting of vehicle model, ESC model and simulation platform, is explained in detail with some exemplary use-cases. In the final section, examples of simulation-based ESC homologation in vehicle variants are shown for passenger cars, light trucks, heavy trucks and trailers. This paper is targeted to give a state-of-the-art account of the simulation methods supporting the homologation of ESC systems in vehicle variants. However, the described approach and the lessons learned can be used as reference in future for an extended usage of simulation-supported releases of the ESC system up to the development and release of driver assistance systems.

Abbreviations: ABS: Anti-lock braking system; ADR: Australian design rules; ALB: Automatic load-dependent brake force controller; AMEVSC: Alternative method to assess the electronic vehicle stability control system; APP: Application; BSC: Brake slip controller; CAE: Computer-aided engineering; CAN: Controller area network; CAT: Category; CoG: Centre of gravity; DIN: Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Institute for Standards); EB+: Trademark of Haldex; EBD: Electronic brake force distribution; EBS: Electronic brake system; ECU: Electronic control unit; ESC: Electronic stability control; ECVWTA: European Community Whole Vehicle Type Approval; FMVSS: Federal motor vehicle safety standards; GPS: Global positioning system; GRRF: Groupe de travail en matiere de roulement et de freinage (Working Party on Braking and Running Gear); HiL: Hardware-in-the-Loop; HSRI: Highway Safety Research Institute; K&C: Kinematic and compliant (KnC); MBS: Multibody systems; MPV: Multipurpose vehicle; NHTSA: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; OEM: Original equipment manufacturer; SiL: Software-in-the-Loop; ST: Summer tyres; STM: Single track model; StVO: Straßenverkehrsordnung (Government Highway Regulations); SUV: Sports utility vehicle; SW: Software; SwD: Sine with dwell manoeuvre; TC: Threshold consumption value; TCS: Traction control system; TRIAS: Test Requirements and Instructions for Automobile Standards; UN/ECE: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe; VAF: Value-added function; VDC: Vehicle dynamics controller; VTC: Vehicle test catalogue; WT: Winter tyres     

提高国Ⅲ柴油机排放水平的试验研究

通过安装EGR和DOC+POC耦合式后处理装置,对一款国Ⅲ高压共轨柴油机进行了改造和排放升级试验.通过调节EGR和供油参数,对改造后发动机的ESC十三工况点分别进行了排放优化,并按照优化结果进行了ESC试验验证,试验结果表明该发动机通过改造和优化,ESC排放水平能满足国Ⅳ限值.同时对EGR和供油参数的调节以及后处理装置...     

Optimisation of active suspension control inputs for improved performance of active safety systems

A collocation-type control variable optimisation method is used to investigate the extent to which the fully active suspension (FAS) can be applied to improve the vehicle electronic stability control (ESC) performance and reduce the braking distance. First, the optimisation approach is applied to the scenario of vehicle stabilisation during the sine-with-dwell manoeuvre. The results are used to provide insights into different FAS control mechanisms for vehicle performance improvements related to responsiveness and yaw rate error reduction indices. The FAS control performance is compared to performances of the standard ESC system, optimal active brake system and combined FAS and ESC configuration. Second, the optimisation approach is employed to the task of FAS-based braking distance reduction for straight-line vehicle motion. Here, the scenarios of uniform and longitudinally or laterally non-uniform tyre–road friction coefficient are considered. The influences of limited anti-lock braking system (ABS) actuator bandwidth and limit-cycle ABS behaviour are also analysed. The optimisation results indicate that the FAS can provide competitive stabilisation performance and improved agility when compared to the ESC system, and that it can reduce the braking distance by up to 5% for distinctively non-uniform friction conditions.     

基于扰动观测的客车ESC自适应神经网络滑模控制

为了提高客车电子稳定性控制系统（ESC）的控制精度,针对实际车辆系统建模中存在各种非线性扰动项以及传统滑模控制（Sliding Mode Control,SMC）中抖振较大的问题,提出一种自适应神经网络滑模控制算法。基于2自由度车辆模型,首先设计一个二阶滑模（Second-order Sliding Mode,SOSM）估计器对车辆的质心侧偏角进行估计,然后利用径向基（Radial Basis Function,RBF）神经网络对车辆系统建模中的各种非线性扰动项进行实时估计,并进行Lyapunov稳定性证明,RBF神经网络估计车辆系统建模的各种非线性扰动项可以有效减小滑模控制符号项的系数,从而减小滑模抖振水平。为了更进一步优化传统滑模控制的参数调节过程,减小滑模抖振并提高系统控制精度,再次利用RBF神经网络对传统滑模控制中的关键参数进行自适应调节。最后为了验证算法的有效性,搭建客车电控气压制动系统硬件在环试验台,在硬件在环试验台上对算法的有效性和精度进行试验验证。研究结果表明：客车ESC在自适应神经网络滑模算法的控制下,横摆角速度和质心侧偏角能够较好地跟随上理想的横摆角速度和理想质心侧偏角,横摆角速度和质心侧偏角的跟随误差降低;利用RBF神经网络估计客车建模中的各种非线性扰动项和利用RBF神经网络自适应调节传统滑模控制的关键参数,可以有效提高客车ESC的控制精度。     

Robustness analysis of ESC ECU to characteristic variation of vehicle chassis components using HILS technique

The ESC system, since its introduction in the mid 90s, has greatly contributed to prevention of vehicle accidents with its capability of maintaining vehicle stability in severe driving conditions. Due to its significant advantages, many nations are now adopting regulations that mandate installation of the ESC system in all classes of passenger vehicles — from mini to luxury. Accordingly it became important to know whether an ESC ECU can yield good performance on a wide range of vehicle parameter changes. In this paper, robustness analysis was conducted to study how characteristic variation of the main chassis components affect the performance of the ESC ECU. This analysis was carried out using a HILS system built on an actual ESC ECU. The variation range of each chassis component was carefully selected considering the component’s design criteria adopted in automotive industries. Based upon the robustness analysis results, the allowable variation ranges of the chassis components for ensuring sound performance of an ESC ECU were proposed.     

轻型汽车ESC国家标准研究与制定

为使汽车行业充分理解轻型汽车电子稳定性控制系统（ESC）国家标准,引导和规范ESC测试评价,文章对轻型汽车ESC全球技术法规的主要内容和特点进行系统剖析,针对ESC过度转向评价和路面摩擦因数测定开展验证试验,并探索不足转向试验方案。在ESC国家标准中明确了路面摩擦因数测定方法,并通过冰雪路面上的双移线试验和稳态圆周试验对ESC不足转向特性进行评价。轻型汽车ESC国家标准弥补了全球技术法规在不足转向评价上的不足,为我国规范与完善ESC性能测试奠定了基础。