电动汽车远程监控技术研究及其平台开发

为提高电动汽车运行的安全性和揭示设计参数对性能的影响,设计并开发了一套远程监控平台。该平台基于GPS数据,采用投影法和曲线拟合算法对车辆进行实时定位;以电动汽车动力电池组的故障诊断为例,提出了基于阈值原则,采用QTouch开发平台软件和Matlab软件进行电池状态和故障监控的方法;选择典型的城市行驶工况,对所开发的平台进行了实车测试。结果表明,该平台能实现电动汽车远程数据的准确采集与监控,对车辆各总成进行实时故障诊断并作出报警提示,也可对电动汽车进行性能分析与评价,满足电动汽车远程监控与管理的需求。     

轮毂式电动汽车驱动系统的研究与开发

介绍轮毂式电动汽车的发展现状及结构特点，说明了轮毂式电动汽车的转向控制模型，并对其动力性能进行了仿真。仿真研究表明，轮毂式电动汽车各项性能指标均优于传统电动汽车。     

汽车永磁同步电机切换函数式混合控制策略

为提高电动汽车所配永磁同步电机（PMSM）的驱动系统工作效率，增强运动过程的平稳性及响应速度，以达到提升电动汽车驱动系统的整体动态控制性能。根据电动汽车电机工作特性分析及反馈控制原理推导，提出并设计切换函数式混合控制技术。该控制技术有效地提高了车用电机控制系统的动、静态性能和鲁棒性。为验证所提控制技术的有效性，建立仿真模型对其进行仿真分析，并搭建实验平台进行实验验证。仿真与实验结果均表明，所提控制技术具有输出响应快、无超调和振荡的优点，能够提高电机工作效率，优化驱动系统输出特性，提升电动汽车驱动系统的控制性能。     

电动汽车全参数化车身平台化与模块化建模及性能带宽研究

为解决概念设计阶段电动汽车开发周期长等问题,基于隐式参数化方法提出一种电动汽车全参数化车身的平台化与模块化建模策略。首先将车身结构分解为上车体结构与下车体结构,根据设计要求对上下车体各自进行区域划分,定义各区域关键平台化衍生尺寸并进行基线总布置,形成平台化建模策略;然后基于平台化建模对下车体进行功能性模块划分,对上车体进行匹配性模块划分,分别进行参数化建模,形成模块化建模策略;最终建立了某款电动汽车车身的全参数化模型。结果表明,建模策略可实现不同车型的快速衍生,并且根据性能带宽规律,探究了轮距、轴距、车高、前端长度以及后端长度变化对刚度和模态性能的影响,有助于实现基于性能驱动的电动汽车车身与电池包的短周期开发。     

欧洲NCAP启动电动汽车安全性能评估

欧洲新车评估组织（EuroNCAP）近期对电动车汽车的安全性能进行了碰撞测试，此次评测的车型包括三菱i-MiEV、雪铁龙C—Zero和标致iOn这3款同一平台的电动汽车以及部分其他品牌的电动汽车。这是该组织第1次对电动汽车进行评级。     

电动汽车车身结构设计与轻量化策略

为设计开发一种新型电动汽车车身,给出该小型电动汽车车身设计过程的架构方案,提出设计过程中实现尺寸、性能、重量等目标的管控方法。为确保汽车车身各项性能目标的实现,采用CAE仿真技术进行多维度分析评估,将车身性能立体化呈现,及时发现风险点,并进行同步修正设计,得到良好的车身结构。在重量控制方面,通过多材料、多工艺的应用实现车身的轻量化,初步完成该型电动汽车的钢铝混合车身设计,为该新型电动汽车车型量产提供理论依据。     

混合动力电动汽车的结构与特性分析

混合动力电动汽车是当今汽车研究与开发的热点，本文阐述了串联式、并联式和混联式混合动力电动汽车的结构特点，并分析了各种混合动力电动汽车性能特点，提出了对我国研究与开发混合动力电动汽车类型与参数选择的看法。     

插电式混合动力电动汽车排放和能耗评价方法研究

插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)由于具有能够更充分地利用电能而减少传统石化燃料消耗的技术优势,成为当前电动汽车领域的研发热点.分析了插电式混合动力电动汽车技术特点和工作特性,对比研究了国内外针对这类车辆能耗和排放性能的试验方法和标准.从试验循环、测试程序、结果计算等几个方面对插电式混合动力汽车能耗和排放评价面临的关键问题进行了讨论.并针对我国当前标准体系中关于插电式混合动力汽车试验评价方法的制订完善提出了建议.     

基于LabVIEW的全线控纯电动汽车测控平台开发

针对全线控纯电动汽车(UFEV)的特点开发了测控平台,基于LabVIEW设计了UFEV测控平台的硬件架构和和软件环境,并利用此平台进行了实车试验验证.试验结果表明,该测控平台可实现对转向系统和驱动系统信号的实时测量、显示并记录,较好地满足了实车测试与控制的需要.     

搭载机电控制CVT电动汽车再生制动变速策略

基于对机电控制无级变速器工作原理的分析,提出电动汽车搭载机电控制无级变速器的结构方案,并相应地建立了电机数值模型、电池充电数学模型和机电控制无级变速器速比控制模型。综合考虑电机效率、机电控制无级变速器效率、电池荷电状态和整车特性,提出了再生制动时机电控制无级变速器的变速策略。在MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台上,搭建了系统再生制动性能仿真模型,并对搭载机电控制无级变速器的电动汽车再生制动性能进行了仿真。结果表明,采用所提出的变速策略与传统两挡变速策略相比,能更好地发挥电动汽车性能,提高再生制动过程中的能量回收率。通过台架试验,验证了仿真结果的有效性。     

电动汽车轮毂电机车轮动力系统的研究

目前,电动汽车研制的难点之一是传统电动机的转矩不够大,不得不使用变速机械来满足电动汽车起动和爬大坡的大转矩需求。本技术方案就是使用高于传统电动机常规电压的宽范围系列阶梯电压来驱动特制的轮毂电机车轮动力系统,以彻底解决当前研制电动汽车的这一难点,从而使现代电动汽车能早日大量使用,造福于人类。     

电动轮驱动电动汽车差速技术研究

提出了电动轮旋转动力学方程和对驱动电机采用转矩指令控制及车轮转速随动的方法,实现电动轮系统的自适应差速。进行了转向行驶、路面不平及不同车轮半径等工况的道路试验,试验结果表明:电动轮汽车在各种工况下都能保持良好的差速性能,具有自适应差速特性。     

Dynamics characteristics analysis and control of FWID EV

Compared with internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, four-wheel-independently-drive electric vehicles (FWID EV) have significant advantages, such as more controlled degree of freedom (DOF), higher energy efficiency and faster torque response of an electric motor. The influence of these advantages and other characteristics on vehicle dynamics control need to be evaluated in detail. This paper firstly analyzed the dynamics characteristics of FWID EV, including the feasible region of vehicle global force, the improvement of powertrain energy efficiency and the time-delays of electric motor torque in the direct yaw moment feedback control system. In this way, the influence of electric motor output power limit, road friction coefficient and the wheel torque response on the stability control, as well as the impact of motor idle loss on the torque distribution method were illustrated clearly. Then a vehicle dynamics control method based on the vehicle stability state was proposed. In normal driving condition, the powertrain energy efficiency can be improved by torque distribution between front and rear wheels. In extreme driving condition, the electric motors combined with the electro-hydraulic braking system were employed as actuators for direct yaw moment control. Simulation results show that dynamics control which take full advantages of the more controlled freedom and the motor torque response characteristics improve the vehicle stability better than the control based on the hydraulic braking system of conventional vehicle. Furthermore, some road tests in a real vehicle were conducted to evaluate the performance of proposed control method.     

电动客车轮边驱动电机的转矩分配控制策略研究

轮边驱动电机采用轮毂电机,实现四轮独立驱动,方便汽车动力学性能的控制。对于电动客车,轮边电机驱动以其轻量化、传递效率高等优势正在取代中央直驱的方式,成为现在研究的热点。这种驱动方式取消了离合器和变速器等,驱动电机安装在车轮旁边,结构空间和重量得以大幅度降低电。文章以四轮独立驱动的轮毂电机电动客车为研究对象,通过驱动转矩的合理分配,保证其有最佳的动力性和经济性。     

Transient switching control strategy from regenerative braking to anti-lock braking with a semi-brake-by-wire system

Regenerative braking is an important technology in improving fuel economy of an electric vehicle (EV). However, additional motor braking will change the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle, leading to braking instability, especially when the anti-lock braking system (ABS) is triggered. In this paper, a novel semi-brake-by-wire system, without the use of a pedal simulator and fail-safe device, is proposed. In order to compensate for the hysteretic characteristics of the designed brake system while ensure braking reliability and fuel economy when the ABS is triggered, a novel switching compensation control strategy using sliding mode control is brought forward. The proposed strategy converts the complex coupling braking process into independent control of hydraulic braking and regenerative braking, through which a balance between braking performance, braking reliability, braking safety and fuel economy is achieved. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy is effective and adaptable in different road conditions while the large wheel slip rate is triggered during a regenerative braking course. The research provides a new possibility of low-cost equipment and better control performance for the regenerative braking in the EV and the hybrid EV.     

纯电动汽车整车控制器进展

在广泛研究国内外纯电动汽车整车控制器的工作原理和系统结构的基础上．总结了如下特点：国外纯电动汽车整车控制器主要用于结构复杂的四轮驱动纯电动汽车和轮毂电机纯电动汽车中。对于单电机驱动的纯电动汽车,通常由电机控制器代替整车控制器实现控制功能。在国内市场没有纯电动汽车整车控制器产品的生产和销售．整车控制器停留在试验室研发阶段。本文可为企业开发出口纯电动汽车整车控制器和国家制订标准提供参考。     

Real-time model predictive control of connected electric vehicles

ABSTRACT

Electric Vehicles (EVs) motors develop high torque at low speeds, resulting in a high rate of acceleration with the added advantage of being fitted with smaller gearboxes. However, a rapid rise of torque in EVs fitted with central drive powertrains can create undesired torsional oscillations, which are influenced by wheel slip and flexibility in the halfshaft. These torsional oscillations in the halfshaft lead to longitudinal oscillations in the vehicle, thus creating problems with regard to comfort and drivability. The significance of using wheel slip in addition to halfshaft torsion for design of anti-jerk controllers for EVs has already been highlighted in our previous research. In this research, we have designed a look-ahead model predictive controller (LA-MPC) that calculates the required motor torque demand to meet the dual objectives of increased traction and anti-jerk control. The designed LA-MPC will improve drivability and energy consumption in connected EVs. The real-time capability of the LA-MPC has been demonstrated through hardware-in-the-loop experiments. The performance of the LA-MPC has been compared to other controllers presented in the literature. A validated high-fidelity longitudinal-dynamics model of the Rav4EV, which is the test vehicle of our research has been used to evaluate the controller.     

基于Advisor的纯电动汽车整车性能参数化分析

提高纯电动汽车整车动力性能和续驶里程,电池和电机的选用非常关键。文章介绍了纯电动汽车结构;对比分析了在纯电动汽车上常用的电机和电池类型及性能参数;在Advisor软件中分别针对电机和电池的参数对续驶里程和动力性的影响进行仿真,得出了其对整车性能的影响;进一步推导出了电池电量与续驶里程的函数关系,为实际应用中选用电池类型．核算电量成本等提供了经验公式。     

利用力矩电机全工况仿真汽车转向盘反力矩

在汽车动态模拟系统中，转向盘反力矩的仿真逼真度影响实验驾驶员的操纵行为，从而影响驾驶模拟实验的准确性。本文系统地阐述了利用力矩电机进行全工况仿真汽车转向盘反力矩的原理、力矩电机的工况分析及稳态误差分析等，为全工况仿真汽车转向盘反力矩提供了一种新方法。     

模型跟踪控制在复合制动系统中的应用

本文旨在协调复合制动系统中的机-电制动力矩,确保车辆的制动效能。以搭载基于常规的逻辑门限值控制的液压防抱死制动系统车辆单轮模型为仿真平台,构建了复合制动控制器。针对以轮速为控制变量的模型跟踪控制方法的缺陷,搭建了以车轮角加速度为控制变量的模型跟踪控制器,并通过仿真对比验证了其改进效果。硬件在环试验结果验证了控制策略的有效性。