新型汽车液压增力制动控制器

汽车液压增力制动控制器(HBI)主要由增压缸等组成,串联于汽车制动主缸与前制动轮缸之间。制动主缸输出的压力制动液经HBI增压,在送往前制动轮缸的同时还被送往后制动轮缸,实现汽车增压制动,其实际增压比为ip=βD2/d2。配装HBI的Ⅱ型或X型管路布置的液压制动系统,其制动效率高于配装了现有压力分配阀的制动系统的制动效率10%以上,制动踏板力明显下降100N左右,制动稳定性明显提高。     

制动主缸中残留阀的作用类型及应用

在汽车的液压制动主缸中,有一影响制动性能的部件——残留阀,它位于液压制动主缸制动腔与制动管路之间。在实现制动的过程中,由于脚踏板力的作用,制动主缸内的制动液流过残留阀上的小孔排向管路,通过制动轮缸对制动液压力的传递实现制动;在制动解除后,部份制动液流回制动腔,制动腔内制动液的压力为零,由于残留阀的作用,使轮缸及管路内仍保持一定值的残留压力Pc。残留阀这两个方面的作用,充分地改善了车辆的     

汽车液压制动常见故障分析

汽车液压制动机构是由制动踏板总成、真空助力器带制动主缸总成、制动轮缸及车轮制动器等组成,其间由制动管路连通。其作用是将驾驶员作用较小的力经真空助力器带制动主缸及制动轮缸,放大后传给车轮制动器,减轻驾驶员的劳动强度,同时提高行车安全性。     

高效率汽车制动轮缸气动密封试验台

液压制动轮缸(俗称分泵)是汽车制动系统的关键性部件,如果其密封性能不良,将导致制动失灵。为保证汽车制动轮缸出厂检测质量,提高检测效率,我们设计并制成“制动轮缸气动密封试验台”,经轮缸生产厂验收及使用结果,表明能完全满足出厂检测要求和大大提高检测效率。     

如何正确使用汽车制动液

汽车制动液是液压制动时用于传递压力的液体，当相当于液压缸的制动钳在推动摩擦衬夹持制动盘（鼓）时，会由于动能转化为摩擦热能而处于高温状态，当温度超过沸点温度，制动液会沸腾，产生气泡。使用制动时，由于制动液压力增大，但此时气泡却由于压力而体积缩小，液压便传递不到制动钳或制动轮缸，因而产生所谓的“气阻”，以致造成制动踏板的行程逐渐加大，根据气泡的多少，甚至造成制动完全失灵。     

插接器连线折断引起的故障

该车的防抱死制动系统为车轮减速控制式，其工作原理（图1）是：当驾驶员踩下制动踏板制动时，制动主缸将制动液加压，通过液压调节器分配给各车轮制动轮缸，推动制中动蹄压紧制动鼓（盘），完成对汽车的制动，装在前、后轮上的速度传感器，将各车轮的转速信号输送给ECU，ECU将这些信号经过计算后适时向液压调节器中的电磁阀发出指令，以控制滑移率。     

汽车制动液的型号及检查

汽车制动液是液压制动系统中传递压力的工作介质,使车轮制动器实现制动作用的一种功能性液体。当踩制动踏板时,从脚踏板上踩下去的动量,由制动主缸的活塞,通过制动液传递到车轮各制动钳(分泵),使制动块夹紧制动盘(制动蹄涨开)阻止车轮转动,达到停止车辆的目的。汽     

两种典型的制动压力调节器工作原理分析

汽车的安全主要分为主动安全和被动安全,车轮防抱死制动系统属于汽车主动安全装置。其功用主要是在汽车进行制动时,自动地调节制动压力,从而防止车轮抱死拖滑,使车轮滑移率始终维持在20%左右,以保证车轮同地面之间的附着力最大。制动压力调节器,位于主缸和制动轮缸之间,它可自动调节车轮制动轮缸的压力,其工作性能的好坏将直接影响ABS工作的可靠性。文章重点分析了两种典型的制动压力调节器的结构及工作原理。     

用“三脚制动”法判断液压制动系统故障

汽车液压制动系统主要由制动踏板、助力器、制动总泵、液压管路及车轮制动器等组成。汽车制动时,踩下制动踏板后,推动助力器控制阀推杆向前移动．助力器产生助力作用后推动制动主缸推杆及活塞移动．将踏板力转变为制动油液压力．通过液压管路传至车轮制动器．     

铃木（微型车）制动主缸,轮缸国产化

我厂从1984年起研制日本铃木ST90微型汽车的制动主缸、轮缸和调节器,目前已形成批量生产。主缸为串列双腔式,可形成双回路液压制动系统,分别通过两个独立回路上的前、后轮缸及其调节器对前,后轮进行制动,使汽车的制动安全性大为提高。目前也适用于国产“长安”、“松花江”、“吉林”、“昌河”、“汉江”等多种微型汽车。‘一、主要性能指标: 1.制动介质 4604 SY4005—81合成制动液 2.工作温度 40℃～70℃ 3.总泵全行程 28mm 4.总泵空行程 <3mm 5.主缸残留压力 0.05±0.03MPa 6.轮缸回程时间≤1.5s 7.正常制动液压 5～7MPa 8.最大工作液压 8.82MPa 9.密封性能主缸和轮缸在8.82MPa的液压作用下,保持3min、无任何渗漏。     

汽车ABS液压调节器建模与分析

汽车ABS液压调节器是ABS的执行机构,它的性能好坏直接影响着汽车制动效能。为研究和评价ABS液压调节器性能,文章在分析调节器的组成和工作原理的基础上,基于AMESim建立了包括液压调节器、制动主缸及制动轮缸的模型,对影响调节器动态响应特性的制动液和控制阀(增、减压阀)结构因素进行了仿真分析;并针对某型号调节器进行了台架试验。试验结果表明,基于AMESim的汽车ABS液压调节器仿真结果与试验结果基本吻合。AMESim建模为调节器的研究提供了一种行之有效的方法。     

基于制动轨迹检测的汽车路试模拟技术

为提高汽车制动性能检测结果的客观性,解决对同一辆汽车进行台试与路试的检测结果不一致的问题,提出路试模拟技术.该技术得以实现的关键是汽车制动轨迹的检测,具体方法是:在单个矩形测试平板的4个角,分别安装相同的压力传感器,以矩形平板的相邻边,建立平面坐标系,当车轮在平板上制动时,利用力矩平衡原理,求得车轮制动时的运动轨迹.将测试平板并排串联放置,组成路试模拟系统,可以对汽车各个车轮的制动轨迹同时进行检测.利用该方法可实现对汽车制动距离、横向位移、航向角等参数进行实时检测,从而模拟路试法进行汽车制动性能的评价.     

Development of an electric booster system using sliding mode control for improved braking performance

Brake systems of the future, including BBW (Brake-by-Wire), are in development in various forms. In one of the proposed hydraulic BBW systems, an electric booster system replaces the pneumatic brake booster with an electric motor and a rotational-to-linear motion mechanism. This system is able to provide improved braking performance by the design of controllers with precise target pressure tracking and control robustness for better system reliability. First, a sliding mode controller is designed using the Lyapunov function approach to secure the robustness of the system against both the model uncertainty and the disturbance caused by the master cylinder and mechanical components. Next, a simulation tool is constructed to validate the electric booster system with the proposed controller. Finally, the electric booster system is implemented into an actual brake ECU and installed in a vehicle for testing under various braking conditions. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed controller produces faster pressure build-up performance than the conventional brake system, and its tracking performance is sufficient to ensure comfortable braking.     

一种新型双动双腔真空增压器

EQ1060F轻型载货汽车的制动系统最初采用单腔制动总泵加单真空增压器及安全缸的半双管路结构。为了提高安全性，后采用双膜片真空助力器的双管路结构。为了适应使用要求，又改为两个真空增压器的方案，但仍存在结构复杂、接头环管多、易泄漏、自由行程过大，超载行驶时，感到制动力不足等问题。现采用一种新设计方案，以双腔制动总泵输出油压为控制源，用真空动力缸为增压机构，以双进、双出、双活塞的泵体为辅助缸，实现单真空增压器的双管路系统。     

提高制动主缸寿命的设计改进

文章从设计角度阐述了提高制动主缸寿命的方法。改进方法主要有缸体阳极氧化处理、补偿孔反冲工艺、活塞结构设计、活塞倒角改圆设计、皮碗圆角设计5个方面，通过对缸体、活塞、皮碗的结构和工艺加工方法等细节方面的改进，提高了整个制动主缸的耐久性，并通过试验数据证明了改进的效果。改进后的主缸耐久性得到了全面提高，使制动主缸的寿命延长，同时提高了整车的使用性能。     

Modeling and control of an anti-lock brake and steering system for cooperative control on split-mu surfaces

The brake and steering systems in vehicles are the most effective actuators that directly affect the vehicle dynamics. In general, the brake system affects the longitudinal dynamics and the steering system affects the lateral dynamics; however, their effects are coupled when the vehicle is braking on a non-homogenous surface, such as a split-mu road. The yaw moment compensation of the steering control on a split-mu road is one of the basic functions of integrated or coordinated chassis control systems and has been demonstrated by several chassis suppliers. However, the disturbance yaw moment is generally compensated for using the yaw rate feedback or using wheel brake pressure measurement. Access to the wheel brake pressure through physical sensors is not cost effective; therefore, we modeled the hydraulic brake system to avoid using physical sensors and to estimate the brake pressure. The steering angle controller was designed to mitigate the non-symmetric braking force effect and to stabilize the yaw rate dynamics of the vehicle. An H-infinity design synthesis was used to take the system model and the estimation errors into account, and the designed controller was evaluated using vehicle tests.     

MK20型圆ABS的排气加液

MK20型ABS中，由于液压回路中增加了用来调节车轮制动器压力的电磁阀，使得系统的排气加液跟传统的制动系统有所不同。介绍了ABS的真空排气加液过程和ABS常闭阀控制过程，并对真空加液的操作时间节拍进行估算。试验结果表明，其排气加液效果较好。     

汽车制动液的发展与选用

汽车制动液是保证车辆有效制动和行驶安全的专用化学制品。介绍了制动液的基本要求、发展概况、以及制动的性能和选用中应注意的事项。     

Development of the brake system design program for a vehicle

It is quite challenging to estimate the braking performance of a vehicle because the brake system is comprised of many parts, including a booster, master cylinder, and caliper. Calculation of characteristics such as braking force through vehicle tests requires much time and money. Therefore, the development of a method to estimate the braking performance of a vehicle using qualitative methods is beneficial. In this study, a program that can analyze the braking capabilities of a vehicle such as pressure, efficiency, and pedal travel is presented. The increase in disc temperature during braking as well as the properties of various boosters can be calculated using the proposed program. Dynamic characteristics of a vehicle equipped with a Load Sensing Proportional Valve (LSPV) were computed more precisely by obtaining the change in valve pressure according to the displacement of a suspension system. Since all input and output files are composed in the Microsoft Excel format, both design data management and database construction can easily completed.     

Wheel slide protection control using a command map and Smith predictor for the pneumatic brake system of a railway vehicle

In railway vehicles, excessive sliding or wheel locking can occur while braking because of a temporarily degraded adhesion between the wheel and the rail caused by the contaminated or wet surface of the rail. It can damage the wheel tread and affect the performance of the brake system and the safety of the railway vehicle. To safeguard the wheelset from these phenomena, almost all railway vehicles are equipped with wheel slide protection (WSP) systems. In this study, a new WSP algorithm is proposed. The features of the proposed algorithm are the use of the target sliding speed, the determination of a command for WSP valves using command maps, and compensation for the time delay in pneumatic brake systems using the Smith predictor. The proposed WSP algorithm was verified using experiments with a hardware-in-the-loop simulation system including the hardware of the pneumatic brake system.