碳纤维复合材料发动机罩行人保护性能的试验验证

为研究碳纤维复合材料发动机罩行人保护性能,与同结构金属发动机罩进行了对比试验验证。试验结果表明,碳纤维复合材料发动机罩的头部合成加速度峰值比金属发动机罩平均低30%,在结构加强位置类似的情况下,其更有利于降低头部伤害值;碳纤维复合材料发动机罩对发动机舱内布置影响较小;碳纤维复合材料发动机罩在受到行人头部冲击后能够保证结构的完整性,有利于降低事故维修成本。     

基于行人保护的发动机罩铰链研究进展

作为头部撞击的集中区域,汽车发动机罩铰链为发动机罩的内部硬点,其故障会对驾乘人员和行人造成危险。文章在对行人保护发展进行综述的基础上,从发动机罩铰链的仿真分析及试验和结构设计两个方面详细介绍了基于行人保护的发动机罩铰链的研究现状。结果表明,发动机罩铰链的仿真分析及试验研究以仿真结合试验的方法开展,发动机罩铰链的结构设计呈现主动式、压溃式、结构优化式和可折叠变形式四种类型,最后展望了发动机罩铰链的发展方向。     

某轻型客车行人头型碰撞保护研究

采用仿真与试验相结合的方法,研究某轻型客车行人头型保护区域的设计要点和改进方法。结果表明:对发动机罩的厚度及其两侧铰链和罩锁的缓冲空间进行改进设计,可有效降低头型伤害值。     

基于E—NCAP行人碰撞保护的发动机罩设计

行人头部碰撞保护一直是汽车行人安全设计的难点,随着E—NCAP对行人保护要求的不断提高,头部保护的得分比重对于获得高星级评价至关重要。文章基于某车型E—NCAPV6．2五星性能开发,采用虚拟仿真与试验测试有效结合的方法,对发动机罩进行了优化设计,提出了一种有利于行人头部碰撞保护的发动机罩。改进前后测试成绩的对比分析表明,该结构可极大优化行人头部碰撞保护效果,使发动机罩头部测试区域得分总分提升至24．43分,满足E—NCAPV6．2五星行人保护性能要求。可为后续设计提供参考,具有很高的推广价值。     

基于行人保护的发动机罩铰链研究

针对发动机罩铰链区域对满足行人头部保护要求存在的不足,设计了一种新式压溃式铰链.采用Hy-permesh软件建立了该铰链的有限元模型,并进行了试验验证.应用有限元软件Nastran对原始铰链和新铰链进行静强度仿真比较可知,新式压溃式铰链的横向强度更好.按照欧洲行人保护法规应用有限元软件LS-DYNA对新铰链和原铰链进行行人保护性能仿真比较可知,使用压溃式铰链使行人的头部伤害值HIC由原来的1420下降到了940,表明压溃式铰链在横向强度提高的基础上具有更好的行人头部保护性能.     

基于行人头部保护的汽车发动机罩铰链优化设计

文章提出一种可折叠变形式发动机罩铰链,降低行人头部撞击发动机罩铰链区域时的伤害,并运用Hyper Mesh软件建立某轿车发动机罩及行人头部有限元模型,通过LS-dyna软件求解行人头部撞击发动机罩铰链区域时的伤害指标,验证可折叠式发动机罩铰链设计的可行性。     

行人保护主动式罩盖的系统开发

主动式罩盖的开发对行人保护头碰非常重要,发动机前舱的零件布置与发动机罩盖间的距离是保护行人头部的关键空间.在行人头部撞击到汽车后,主动式罩盖的后端会弹起并起到增大保护空间的作用.针对带有主动式罩盖车型的开发设计,早期对前保蒙皮进行设计,中期进行CAE的仿真分析,后期采用物理试验进行验证都是至关重要的.除此之外,带有主动...     

聚丙烯复合材料发动机罩盖行人头部保护优化设计

为研究车辆与行人发生碰撞时汽车发动机罩盖对行人头部的保护性能,减少人车事故中行人的受伤害程度,建立了行人头部冲击器撞击发动机罩盖的有限元模型,分析了行人头部冲击器撞击相同结构的聚丙烯复合材料、钢制发动机罩盖的行人头部保护性能,比较了不同材料发动机罩的吸能特性,探究了发动机罩盖影响头部HIC值的主要影响因素。设计3因素2水平的正交试验,利用LS-DYNA依次进行了试验的仿真计算与分析,确定了各影响因素对头部HIC值的影响顺序,并对复合材料发动机罩盖的结构参数进行了优化调整。为降低复合材料发动机罩盖的头部碰撞损伤相关加速度值,增加其吸能特性,对翼子板进行了局部结构优化设计。结果表明:经过局部优化,铰链结构能使碰撞区域远离行人头部与翼子板尖角处碰撞最为激烈的发动机罩铰链边缘区域;弱化翼子板侧边垂直尖角的结构,能够起到一定的吸能作用,对行人起到保护效果;改进后的长玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料发动机罩盖的质量相比原来降低51.5%,更有利于满足对车身的轻量化要求,增加车辆燃油经济性;对长玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料发动机罩盖的静态刚度进行了分析,扭转刚度得到增加,弯曲刚度和侧向弯曲刚度值变化在10%范围内,符合设计要求。     

基于儿童行人头部保护要求的发动机罩锁扣碰撞性能研究

针对某款汽车发动机罩锁扣加强板区域的儿童行人保护性能,建立了儿童行人头部模型与车辆碰撞的有限元模型,并根据试验结果对碰撞模型进行了验证.分析了锁扣加强板区域各部件对行人头部碰撞的影响,对罩锁扣加强板的设计进行了改进.分析结果表明,在保证刚度条件下使用新的发动机罩锁扣加强板结构,儿童HIC值可由原来的1211下降到756...     

人车相撞头部伤害影响因素仿真分析及试验

在汽车与行人碰撞事故中,行人头部伤害是造成行人重伤或死亡的主要原因。采用有限元三维实体建模技术,建立了发动机罩和包括头皮、头骨两层球体结构的行人头部有限元模型,分析了头部与发动机罩的瞬态大变形非线性撞击响应,得到了头部与发动机罩相撞时的速度、位置及头部质量、发动机罩的厚度、摩擦因数等因素对头部伤害的影响规律,并对铝质与钢质发动机罩作了比较,结果表明铝质发动机罩对行人头部具有更好的保护效果。     

行人头部伤害与头部碰撞试验方法的相关性分析

本文通过对行人交通事故数据的统计分析,讨论造成行人头部伤害的原因与规律,并对现行的头部模块碰撞试验方法与行人交通事故的相关性进行了分析与讨论。结果表明,碰撞前行人的运动状态对碰撞结果有显著影响,目前EEVC头部模块试验方法中规定的碰撞方向与实际行人碰撞事故中行人头部的碰撞方向存在较大差异;行人头部与风档玻璃、A柱区域以及地面发生碰撞的可能性均比较大,所以有必要通过进一步的试验研究,分析头部与这些区域发生碰撞的规律,并将其纳入头部模块的碰撞试验中。     

行人头型撞击前风挡玻璃区域的损伤风险分析

针对行人头部防护开展研究,建立了符合GTR要求的4.5kg成人头部模型.通过虚拟试验方法使用成人头部模型对轿车前风挡玻璃进行冲击分析,比较不同碰撞部位及相关结构对人体头部损伤评价指标的影响.结果表明,头部损伤风险表现出明显的区域分布趋势,针对特定结构进行设计,可以有效降低风挡玻璃导致头部损伤的风险.     

Assessment of the pedestrian friendliness of a vechicle using subsystem impact tests

Annually, thousands of unprotected pedestrians are killed or suffer serious injuries in accidents with moving vehicles. Numerous automobile organizations have performed research on pedestrian safety. The European Enhanced Vehicle- Safety Committee (EEVC), Working Group 17 (WG17) proposed three component subsystem tests to evaluate the friendliness of a vehicle to pedestrians: the legform to hood test, the upper legform to bonnet leading edge test and the headform to bonnet top test. In assessing the pedestrian friendliness of a vehicle, the present study adopted the WG17 regulations of the three component subsystem tests. We herein describe in detail a finite element subsystem model built to analyze the pedestrian friendliness of a vehicle using LS-DYNA. The first objective of this study was to simulate these three component subsystem impact tests and evaluate car front aggressiveness. The second objective was to analyze the frontal structures of a vehicle and, based on the simulation results, identify dangerous areas and provide suggestions for vehicle front design that may decrease pedestrian injuries. The analysis of these models and the results obtained may be used to help evaluate the pedestrian friendliness of a vehicle and guide the future development of pedestrian-friendly vehicle technologies.     

Bonnet weight reduction and VRU protection: Design proposals implementing non-conventional materials

The use of non-conventional and innovative materials is increasingly important in automotive design. They allow reductions in the weights of structures with consequent reductions in fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. At the same time, they ensure excellent safety levels. Once excellent results in terms of active and passive safety have been obtained, the attention of car manufacturers, and of the public opinion, is focused on the safety of vulnerable road users (VRU), pedestrians and cyclists. Some examples concerning the redesign of a bonnet with the double targets of weight reduction and pedestrian safety are illustrated. Hybrid metal/plastic and more conventional metal sheet solutions are compared. The static performance (stiffness and denting resistance), as well as the impact against a pedestrian head, are evaluated by means of FEM models along with actual regulations.     

有利于行人头保护的风挡玻璃下横梁结构优化设计与试验验证

基于某车型的风挡玻璃下横梁结构,针对提高行人头保护性能进行了优化设计.结果表明,优化后的风挡玻璃下横梁可以提供更大的变形吸能空间,降低加速度峰值和HIC值,提高行人保护性能,为车型行人保护性能评价和开发改进提供借鉴.     

基于EEVC要求的行人碰撞试验台的研制和评估

基于EEVC/WG17制定的行人碰撞保护试验标准,开展了行人模块碰撞试验台的研制工作。文中介绍了该试验台的工作原理和各个功能模块的设计,并利用该试验台进行了行人头部模块和下肢模块碰撞试验,从能量、控制精度和试验可重复性等方面对其试验能力进行了初步评估。试验结果表明,该试验台满足EEVC制定的相关试验要求,可用于行人碰撞保护的研究和设计开发。     

Safety benefits of integrated pedestrian protection systems

This study developed a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of an integrated pedestrian protection system (IPPS) based on simulations. The proposed IPPS consists of active and passive vehicular systems for protecting pedestrians, including a pedestrian warning information system (PWIS), an active hood lift system (AHLS), and pedestrian airbag system (PAS). Two simulation methods were applied in the proposed methodology: a driving simulation and a finite element simulation. A driving simulator was used to obtain the change in collision speed, which is a key parameter for evaluating driving behavior when a PWIS is applied. In addition, a well-known simulator for finite element analysis, LSDYNA was used to simulate the impact of a pedestrian on a vehicle hood in a pedestrian-vehicle collision. The head injury criterion (HIC), which is an outcome of LS-DYNA simulations, is a major parameter for evaluating passive safety systems. The probability of pedestrian fatalities by collision speeds and HICs were estimated to quantify the safety benefits of an IPPS based on the statistical analyses. The results showed that an IPPS is capable of reducing pedestrian fatalities by approximately 90 % associated with jaywalking in the midblock and walking on the roadside. The findings of this study can be used to boost the development of various vehicular technologies for pedestrians. The results can be effectively used for policy making and deriving legislative requirements associated with advanced vehicular technologies for enhancing pedestrian safety.     

汽车发动机罩儿童行人保护安全性仿真研究

重点进行儿童头型撞击发动机罩的试验研究,建立数学模型,通过仿真来分析在不同发动机罩结构、不同撞击位置等条件下头部HIC值及头部位移量的变化情况.     

保护行人大腿的汽车前端结构的研究

为进行行人保护研究,建立了某车型前端的有限元模型,并通过试验验证了该模型的精确性.以提高EuroNCAP行人大腿碰撞试验的得分为目标,对汽车前大灯采取了自身刚度弱化的措施,试验结果表明效果良好.文中还尝试将安全气囊运用到发动机罩上,仿真计算验证了该安全气囊对行人大腿保护的有效性.     

Development of Headform Impactor Finite Element Model Considering the Hyperelastic and Viscoelastic Responses of Rubber

To evaluate and analyze the pedestrian injury risk of automobiles, the finite element models of headform impactors are used. In this study, a modeling method that can accurately estimate the peak of the headform impactor impact pulse and head injury criterion (HIC) was developed. The headform impactor skin has the characteristics of both hyperelasticity and viscoelasticity. Therefore, compression tests, stress relaxation tests, and rheometer tests were conducted, and the hyperelastic and viscoelastic models were developed. The models were combined and used in the finite element analysis. The new headform impactor model was verified to accurately estimate the peak of impact pulse and HIC at the certification test of the headform impactor.