弯道路面车辆制动稳定性控制仿真研究

车辆在弯道路面行驶,由于离心力的作用,制动易导致车辆失去横向稳定性。本文分析了车辆弯道制动时ABS控制方法存在的不足,提出了车辆ABS与横摆力矩控制的协调控制策略。利用模糊控制原理设计了横摆力矩控制器,在车辆ABS的基础上,通过对车辆的横摆力矩控制和车轮滑移率的调节,实现了制动过程中对附加横摆力矩的动态调整,从而提高车辆在弯道路面上的制动稳定性,通过在低附着系数弯道路面上车辆制动力矩分配仿真验证了该控制方法的有效性。     

基于滑移率优化的半挂汽车列车制动力分配

为提高半挂汽车列车制动时的制动性能和横向稳定性,提出基于滑移率优化的制动力分配策略,建立关于各轴滑移率加权和的目标函数,考虑牵引车与挂车之间的相互作用,采用模糊控制方法估计当前路面附着系数,基于扩展Kalman滤波法实时估计各轴的纵向力,实时比较牵引车与挂车的纵向力来调整目标函数权重,以各轴滑移率最小为目标优化分配牵引车前轴、后轴和挂车车轴之间的制动力;并通过Simulink与TruckSim联合仿真对优化分配方案进行验证,测试干燥与湿滑路面附着情况及直线与弯道路况下的制动性能,结果表明所提出的制动力分配策略在不同制动工况下能显著改善车辆的制动性能和横向稳定性。     

基于MPC的独立驱动电动汽车稳定性集成控制

针对独立驱动电动汽车在高附着系数路面高速急转时易发生侧翻事故,在低附着系数路面急转易发生侧滑失稳事故,且单一控制器在不同附着系数路面适应性较差等问题,根据独立驱动电动汽车特点设计了基于分层式结构的稳定性集成控制器。建立了整车动力学模型,并进行了车辆状态参数估计;设计了稳定性集成控制器的控制策略,对车辆的侧倾、横向稳定性状态判定条件和协调策略的制定进行了研究,分别设计了侧倾稳定性控制器和横向稳定性控制器;设置了路面附着系数0.9到0.2的对接路面仿真工况,并在此工况下对所设计的控制器的控制性能进行了仿真测试。结果表明,所设计的稳定性集成控制器相比于单一控制器具有更好的适应性,可有效降低车辆高速行驶过程中的横向载荷转移系数、质心侧偏角等状态量,提高车辆行驶的稳定性和安全性。     

轮毂电机驱动汽车区域极点配置横向稳定性控制

分布式驱动结构给车辆动力学控制带来机遇和挑战,如何可靠地实现其横向稳定性控制是关键技术。考虑车辆参数的不确定性,提出了基于区域极点配置的轮毂电机驱动汽车横向稳定性控制策略,分析了保性能权重矩阵参数对控制性能的影响;为了能最大限度地利用路面附着能力,利用轮毂电机驱动力和制动力共同产生横摆力矩,并结合驱动模型切换提出了规则化转矩分配控制策略;通过数值仿真和硬件在环仿真开展了控制系统的性能分析。结果表明,所提出的基于区域极点配置的上层控制策略不仅能改善汽车的操纵稳定性,而且对轮胎侧偏刚度等参数不确定性具有较强的鲁棒性;同时,下层规则化转矩分配控制策略能确保在低附着路面可靠实现转矩分配。     

弯道安全车速建模及影响因素分析

车速的合理选择,是影响弯道行车安全的关键.为此,针对车辆在弯道行驶过程中因超速导致的侧滑、侧翻等侧向失稳事故,通过建立车辆转向行驶动力学模型,结合道路环境信息,在分析车辆转向时载荷横向偏移、悬架变形等基础之上,对传统模型进行改进,建立精度更高的弯道安全车速计算模型.并采用车辆动力学仿真软件CarSim和TruckSim进行不同工况下的仿真试验验证.运用正交试验方法对试验结果进行极差和方差分析,获取弯道安全车速对7种主要影响因素的敏感度.结果表明,该模型所得的安全车速值,与车辆侧向失稳时的临界车速值之间的平均误差为1.55%;相比于其他因素,弯道半径和路面附着系数对安全车速的影响最为显著;当路面附着系数达到特定值时,模型考虑了车辆的侧翻危险,使其计算得到的弯道安全车速呈现饱和现象.      

基于多参数自适应优化的智能车轨迹跟踪

为了在不同工况中，同时兼顾轨迹跟踪算法的跟踪精度，计算速度与车辆稳定性，提出基于不同车速和路面附着系数的参数自适应MPC算法。在线性时变MPC的基础上增加车辆稳定性控制，并基于路面附着系数设计2种控制策略：在高附着系数路面，针对不同车速优化预测时域与控制时域；在低附着系数路面，开启车辆稳定性控制并基于改进粒子群算法优化权重参数。2种策略在保证跟踪精度与车辆稳定性的基础上提高计算速度。设计基于前馈神经网络的路面识别算法从而为多参数自适应轨迹跟踪算法识别所在道路的路面附着系数，利用CarSim-Simulink平台进行联合仿真。研究结果表明：路面识别算法的平均绝对百分比误差为12.77%,足够满足多参数自适应轨迹跟踪算法的需求；相较于传统线性时变MPC跟踪算法，低速工况下参数自适应轨迹跟踪算法在高附着系数和低附着系数的路面上，横向平均绝对误差分别降低了20.7%和24.6%;高速工况下横向平均绝对误差分别降低了66.2%和50.7%;综合所有试验，算法的计算时间减少了40.2%;在保障车辆稳定性的同时降低算法的计算时间。研究成果针对不同车速与附着系数对轨迹跟踪算法参数进行优化，利用自适应预...     

基于路面附着系数的制动力利用率评价法

为了考察在各种附着系数的路面上汽车的制动性能,分析了理想汽车前、后车轮制动力分配曲线与前、后制动器制动力分配曲线之间的匹配关系.引入能够反映制动性能的概念“制动力利用率”作为评价方法,根据不同的匹配关系导出对应的制动力利用率算法.针对某轻型客车,详细地分析了其在不同附着系数路面上的制动性能.同时改变制动器制动力分配系数,分析不同匹配关系下汽车的制动性能.结果表明:随着路面附着系数的增加,制动力利用率呈现先增后减的趋势;随着制动器制动力分配系数的增大,汽车在低附着系数路面的制动力利用率降低,在高附着系数路面的制动力利用率升高;制动力利用率评价法能够有效地评价汽车在不同附着系数路面上的制动性能.     

基于线控制动的轮胎与地面附着系数实时检测

轮胎与地面间的附着系数是影响车辆安全性能的重要因素.在理论分析的基础上,提出了基于线控制动的路面附着系数检测方法.利用踏板位置传感器估计制动器制动力,采用MMA6260Q加速度传感器检测车辆制动减速度,由制动器制动力与地面制动力判断轮胎运动状态,根据车辆载荷转移公式得到车轮法向载荷,获得进入滑动区域的利用附着系数,并由此得到地面附着系数.分析显示,该检测方法可以较准确地识别轮胎与地面附着系数,具有一定的实用价值.     

汽车防滑控制系统简释

制动防抱死系统简称ABS。又称防锁死驻车系统。车辆制动时，车轮的制动力与地面附着系数有关。当车轮处于半滑动半滚动状态时，地面的附着系数最大，制动力较大，侧向稳定性也较好。当车轮完全抱死时，地面附着力有所下降，汽车的侧向稳定性为零．极易出现侧滑和甩尾现象，造成事故。     

车辆弯道制动工况下的动力学分析

主要从2个方面对弯道制动工况进行了分析.首先定性分析了载荷变换反应对车辆稳定性的影响,然后在多刚体动力学软件ADAMS中建立了整车模型,对弯道制动工况进行了动力学仿真,分析了制动强度、前后制动力分配系数及质心位置等参数对车辆稳定性的影响程度.     

New Control Technique for Maximizing Braking Force on Antilock Braking System

In this paper, we propose a new control strategy for an antilock braking system (ABS) to maintain the braking force at maximum. The popularization of the ABS that prevents the wheels from locking has resulted in an improvement of the vehicle stability and shortening of the braking distance. Further improvement is anticipated if the maximization of the braking force is realized. We found an interesting phenomenon in which the characteristics of the resonance system composed of the vehicle body and the wheel and road surface reflects the slip condition of the road surface. Using this phenomenon, we realized a control method for maintaining the maximum value of the braking force.     

New Control Technique for Maximizing Braking Force on Antilock Braking System

In this paper, we propose a new control strategy for an antilock braking system (ABS) to maintain the braking force at maximum. The popularization of the ABS that prevents the wheels from locking has resulted in an improvement of the vehicle stability and shortening of the braking distance. Further improvement is anticipated if the maximization of the braking force is realized. We found an interesting phenomenon in which the characteristics of the resonance system composed of the vehicle body and the wheel and road surface reflects the slip condition of the road surface. Using this phenomenon, we realized a control method for maintaining the maximum value of the braking force.     

轮胎附着极限下差动制动对汽车横摆力矩的影响

本文以纵滑－侧偏联合工况的稳态轮胎模型为基础，分析了汽车极限转向条件下制动作用于不同车轮时对汽车横摆力矩的影响，并通过整车动力学仿真进行了验证，研究结果为利用差动制动控制提高汽车的高速操纵稳定性提供了动力学依据。     

Design of Regenerative Anti-Lock Braking System Controller for 4 In-Wheel-Motor Drive Electric Vehicle with Road Surface Estimation

This paper presents a regenerative anti-lock braking system control method with road detection capability. The aim of the proposed methodology is to improve electric vehicle safety and energy economy during braking maneuvers. Vehicle body longitudinal deceleration is used to estimate a road surface. Based on the estimation results, the controller generates an appropriate braking torque to keep an optimal for various road surfaces wheel slip and to regenerate for a given motor the maximum possible amount of energy during vehicle deceleration. A fuzzy logic controller is applied to fulfill the task. The control method is tested on a four in-wheel-motor drive sport utility electric vehicle model. The model is constructed and parametrized according to the specifications provided by the vehicle manufacturer. The simulation results conducted on different road surfaces, including dry, wet and icy, are introduced.     

随机不平路面上的ABS制动研究

在ADAMS中建立整车和各种等级随机不平路面的模型,在MATLAB/simu link中建立逻辑门限值ABS控制方法,利用联合仿真技术研究随机不平路面对ABS的影响,得到随机不平路面上ABS制动过程中轮胎纵向力、角速度和制动距离等重要参数的变化规律,为ABS在随机不平路面上的抗干扰措施提供依据。     

Modeling and control of an anti-lock brake and steering system for cooperative control on split-mu surfaces

The brake and steering systems in vehicles are the most effective actuators that directly affect the vehicle dynamics. In general, the brake system affects the longitudinal dynamics and the steering system affects the lateral dynamics; however, their effects are coupled when the vehicle is braking on a non-homogenous surface, such as a split-mu road. The yaw moment compensation of the steering control on a split-mu road is one of the basic functions of integrated or coordinated chassis control systems and has been demonstrated by several chassis suppliers. However, the disturbance yaw moment is generally compensated for using the yaw rate feedback or using wheel brake pressure measurement. Access to the wheel brake pressure through physical sensors is not cost effective; therefore, we modeled the hydraulic brake system to avoid using physical sensors and to estimate the brake pressure. The steering angle controller was designed to mitigate the non-symmetric braking force effect and to stabilize the yaw rate dynamics of the vehicle. An H-infinity design synthesis was used to take the system model and the estimation errors into account, and the designed controller was evaluated using vehicle tests.     

变路面车辆稳定性控制策略研究

建立了某四轮汽车9自由度车辆模型和轮胎动力模型,并提出了一种基于侧向力利用系数的差动制动、主动转向切换控制策略。模拟了汽车以车速24.5m/s行驶时的一个紧急避让情况,研究了无控制模式、差动制动控制模式、联合控制模式下的车辆横摆角速度、质心侧偏角、质心侧向位移的变化。结果表明,所提出的差动制动联合主动转向技术的控制策略可以满足变路面下车辆稳定性控制要求。     

Braking Force Distribution Control for Improved Vehicle Dynamics and Brake Performance

This paper describes the feasibility of improving the braking performance of a commercial vehicle by using an electronic braking system. An electronic braking system enables the braking force at each wheel to be independently controlled. Braking force distribution control makes the braking force at each wheel proportional to each wheel's load. Results of computer simulation and vehicle test showed that the proposed control laws can eliminate the effects of a laden condition on the braking distance and can increase the degree of deceleration at which wheel lock occurs, resulting in improved vehicle attitude stability during a critical maneuver.     

Design of tyre force excitation for tyre–road friction estimation

Knowledge of the current tyre–road friction coefficient is essential for future autonomous vehicles. The environmental conditions, and the tyre–road friction in particular, determine both the braking distance and the maximum cornering velocity and thus set the boundaries for the vehicle. Tyre–road friction is difficult to estimate during normal driving due to low levels of tyre force excitation. This problem can be solved by using active tyre force excitation. A torque is added to one or several wheels in the purpose of estimating the tyre–road friction coefficient. Active tyre force excitation provides the opportunity to design the tyre force excitation freely. This study investigates how the tyre force should be applied to minimise the error of the tyre–road friction estimate. The performance of different excitation strategies was found to be dependent on both tyre model choice and noise level. Furthermore, the advantage with using tyre models with more parameters decreased when noise was added to the force and slip ratio.     

Rollover detection and control on the non-driven axles of trucks based on pulsed braking excitation

The major challenges for rollover detection are the accurate modelling of vehicle dynamics and the real-time estimation of the varied parameters. To circumvent the dependence on vehicle parameters, a novel rollover detection method based on the pulsed braking excitation is proposed. With the lateral load transfer ratio (LTR), the relationship between rollover risks and non-driven wheel rotational dynamics is deduced, which is the basis to apply braking excitation on wheels. The lateral acceleration is adopted as the first criterion to activate the rollover detection. Once the pulsed braking is applied to the non-driven wheels, the braking pressure and wheel angular speeds are measured to estimate the LTR on the non-driven axle. In case of emergency, the differential braking-based anti-rollover is implemented. Experiments were conducted on a Hardware-in-Loop bench. The results show that, the pulsed braking can be activated timely, and the LTR on the non-driven axle is estimated accurately. With the anti-rollover control, the roll stability is improved considerably.