多轴汽车转向分析

多轴汽车转向时，各车轮的转向必须保证纯滚动而无滑动，各车轮的转角必要证有统一的瞬时转向中心而每个桥的梯形机构及转向壁长度必须满足一个关系式。本文主要分析了各转向壁长度的关系，转向纵拉杆的布置形转向助力设计。     

整体式转向梯形机构几何参数的确定

转向梯形机构的几何参数决定汽车转向时内、外转向轮转角的联关系.本文探讨了求解4×2、6×4汽车转向轮理论转角关系的方法及整体式转向梯形机构几何参数的确定,介绍了在系列汽车设计中应用这些方法的实例.     

汽车转向梯形故障检测机理研究

通过对汽车转向梯形机构进行合理简化,建立了相应的数学模型,推导出了汽车前轮转向前张角与转向梯形底角之间的变化规律:当汽车外侧车轮转到某一定值时,内侧车轮转角受同侧梯形底角的影响,并且内轮转角变化与同侧梯形底角变化成反比。经试验验证了此结论的正确性,由此使得利用现有的检测设备即可实现对汽车转向梯形工作状态的在线检测。     

SX3400型自卸汽车转向梯形及杆系的设计与计算

为确保汽车转向时各车轮的转向达到纯滚动而无滑动,使各车轮的转角有统一的瞬时转向中心,以SX3400型自卸汽车为例,对其转向梯形及杆系进行设计与计算。结果表明,SX3400型自卸汽车转向系设计合理,既减少了轮胎的磨损,又减轻了转向阻力,提高了汽车的机动性。     

基于ADAMS的汽车转向机构参数分析及优化设计

应用动力学分析软件ADAMS,从汽车运动学出发,研究了SGA3550矿用汽车转向机构的优化设计。分析了最小传动角对汽车转向性能的影响及最小传动角与转向梯形底角、转向梯形臂长度的关系,建立了以转向过程中汽车外侧车轮实际转角与理想转角差值最小为目标函数的数学模型,并分析了转向梯形底角和梯形臂长度对目标函数的影响。最后,应用ADAMS软件完成了转向机构的优化设计。     

基于阿克曼理论的四轮转向汽车转向梯形优化设计

以汽车转向系统中的阿克曼理论作为研究出发点,研究四轮转向汽车中满足阿克曼理论的转向梯形设计.提出一种基于MATLAB计算的设计观点和设计方法.在确定四轮转向汽车前后轮转向策略的基础上,根据四轮转向车辆的理想阿克曼转角关系,求得在不同车速和不同内轮转角下对应的理想前后外轮转角,并将实际外轮转角与理想外轮转角的差值作为函数优化目标,最终在几何结构允许的范围内实现四轮转向的阿克曼最优.     

线控四轮独立转向系统的结构及控制研究

主要介绍了四轮转向汽车以及线控转向技术的优点,设计了一种线控四轮独立转向汽车的总体结构,说明所设计的转向系统相对其他转向系统的优点。建立四轮转向汽车的3自由度数学模型,找出四轮转向汽车各车轮转角与转向盘转角的关系。对模型前后轮转角对质心侧倾角和横摆角速度的影响做了Matlab／Simulink仿真,考虑影响汽车行驶安全的因素,找出不同车速和前轮转角对应的最佳后、前轮转角比例系数,从而确定了高速行驶的汽车在指定车速与转向盘转角时各车轮对应的转角。     

转向节主销与转向轮间转向运动及转角误差分析

通过对主销带动车轮转动时的主销转角几何投影进行分析,推导了斜面角度在水平面的投影方程,建立了考虑4个定位角参数的转向车轮与主销转角可相互求解的数学模型,将该模型与用球面三角学建立的计算模型进行了对比验证,以转向梯形机构转角计算为例,分析了不同计算模型产生的计算误差,并讨论了机构中各部分转角计算误差对总转角计算误差的影响,根据推导的车轮接地点坐标,给出了理想转角计算中汽车轴距和主销中心距的合理值。     

断开式汽车转向梯形机构的优化设计

介绍了 Y-CH 微型汽车的后置断开式转向梯形机构。推导了外侧转向车轮实际转角β′和转向梯形机构传动角θ的计算公式。并以 Y-CH 型汽车为例,介绍了断开式转向梯形机构优化设计的方法。     

基于MATLAB的转向梯形机构的优化研究

以MATLAB软件为主要优化工具,利用MATLAB优化工具箱中的Lsqnonlin函数求优化解程序,通过对转向梯形机构进行合理设计,尽可能保证在汽车转向过程中各车轮的轴线理论上应始终交于一点—瞬时转向中心,使各车轮在转向过程中始终处于纯滚动状态,从而提高轮胎使用寿命,保证汽车操纵的轻便性和稳定性。     

汽车整体式转向梯形机构优化设计

以MATLAB软件为优化工具,通过对汽车整体式转向梯形进行合理设计,尽可能地保证汽车在转向过程中全部车轮均绕同一个瞬时转向中心行驶,使在不同圆周上运动的车轮,作无滑动的纯滚动运动。     

Vehicle steering returnability with maximum steering wheel angle at low speeds

In this paper, an analytical model with suitable vehicle parameters, together with a multi-body model is proposed to predict steering returnability in low-speed cornering with what is expected to be adequate precision as the steering wheel moves from lock to lock. This model shows how the steering response can be interpreted in terms of vertical force, lateral force with aligning moment, and longitudinal force. The simulation results show that vertical steering rack forces increase in the restoring direction according to steering rack displacement for both the inner and outer wheels. As lateral forces due to side-slip angle are directed toward the medial plane of the vehicle in both wheels, the outer wheel pushes the steering wheel in the returning direction while the inner wheel does not. In order to improve steering returnability, it is possible to increase the total steering rack force in both road wheels through adjustments to the kingpin axis and steering angle. This approach is useful for setting up a proper suspension geometry during conceptual chassis design.     

Method for control of steering angles for articulated vehicles using virtual rigid axles

Many methods we have been developed to control the rear wheels of a vehicle, but most of them are designed for automobiles with four wheels. The AWS (all wheel steering) control method for articulated vehicles is currently applied only to Phileas vehicles developed by APTS, but the control algorithm for this system has yet to be reported. In the present paper, a new algorithm is proposed after the AWS ECU (electronic control unit) of the Phileas vehicle was tested and analyzed in order to understand the existing steering algorithm. The new algorithm considers the vehicle geometry, stability of handling, and safety, and can be easily applied to multi-axle vehicles. In order to verify the AWS algorithm, the trajectory and steering angles of each algorithm were compared using the commercial software ADAMS. Turning radius, swing-out, and swept path width were also investigated to determine the turning performance of the proposed algorithm.     

An adaptive integrated algorithm for active front steering and direct yaw moment control based on direct Lyapunov method

In this article, an adaptive integrated control algorithm based on active front steering and direct yaw moment control using direct Lyapunov method is proposed. Variation of cornering stiffness is considered through adaptation laws in the algorithm to ensure robustness of the integrated controller. A simple two degrees of freedom (DOF) vehicle model is used to develop the control algorithm. To evaluate the control algorithm developed here, a nonlinear eight-DOF vehicle model along with a combined-slip tyre model and a single-point preview driver model are used. Control commands are executed through correction steering angle on front wheels and braking torque applied on one of the four wheels. Simulation of a double lane change manoeuvre using Matlab^®/Simulink is used for evaluation of the control algorithm. Simulation results show that the integrated control algorithm can significantly enhance vehicle stability during emergency evasive manoeuvres on various road conditions ranging from dry asphalt to very slippery packed snow road surfaces.     

Automatic path-tracking controller of a four-wheel steering vehicle

The present paper proposes an automatic path-tracking controller of a four-wheel steering (4WS) vehicle based on the sliding mode control theory. The controller has an advantage in that the front- and rear-wheel steering can be decoupled at the front and rear control points, which are defined as centres of percussion with respect to the rear and front wheels, respectively. Numerical simulations using a 27-degree-of-freedom vehicle model demonstrated the following characteristics: (1) the automatic 4WS controller has a more stable and more precise path-tracking capability than the 2WS controller, and (2) the automatic 4WS controller has robust stability against system uncertainties such as cornering power perturbation, path radius fluctuation, and cross-wind disturbance.     

New approaches to enhance active steering system functionalities: preliminary results

An important development of the steering systems in general is active steering systems like active front steering and steer-by-wire systems. In this paper the current functional possibilities in application of active steering systems are explored. A new approach and additional functionalities are presented that can be implemented to the active steering systems without additional hardware such as new sensors and electronic control units. Commercial active steering systems are controlling the steering angle depending on the driving situation only. This paper introduce methods for enhancing active steering system functionalities depending not only on the driving situation but also vehicle parameters like vehicle mass, tyre and road condition. In this regard, adaptation of the steering ratio as a function of above mentioned vehicle parameters is presented with examples. With some selected vehicle parameter changes, the reduction of the undesired influences on vehicle dynamics of these parameter changes has been demonstrated theoretically with simulations and with real-time driving measurements.     

Modelling and control of a new differential steering concept

This paper presents a new steer-by-wire concept using an all-wheel drive vehicle layout with in-wheel motors while completely omitting the application of any dedicated steering device. Steering is based on the so-called differential steering principle which generates the necessary steering moment about the kingpins by a traction force difference between left and right sides of the vehicle. In order to investigate the behaviour of the vehicle and to design the underlying control algorithms, a planar vehicle model is presented, where the vehicle is described as constrained non-holonomic system requiring a special treatment. A state feedback linear controller for controlling of the lateral dynamics of the vehicle at higher speeds and a simple PI angle controller for low-speed manoeuvring are developed. The resulting behaviour of the system is investigated by various simulation experiments demonstrating a comparable steering performance of the new steering concept as that of conventional passenger cars.     

实现快速调整某转向前桥转向角

转向前桥在汽车上一个非常重要的功能就是实现汽车转向,而转向角是决定转向前桥性能的一个非常重要的参数,本文解决了在桥总成装配线快速调整某转向前桥转向角问题。     

四轮转向技术在牵引汽车中的应用

简述车辆四轮转向技术的应用，经过对机场牵引汽车四轮转向系统的研究，提出一种新的控制方式，在随动轮角度跟随基础上加入汽车行驶速度控制因子，既解决了车辆高速行驶的稳定性问题，也保证了车辆低速转弯的灵活性。