EGR柴油机瞬态性能优化研究

以降低瞬态过程烟度和NO_x排放为目标,在一台高压共轨电控重型柴油机上进行了EGR对柴油机恒转速增扭矩5s典型瞬态过程燃烧和排放性能影响的优化研究。结果表明:瞬态过程中固定EGR阀开度造成EGR率"超调"、烟度剧增;与"全程轨压"策略相比,"分段轨压"有利于改善小负荷工况的燃烧热氛围,提高瞬态起始负荷并耦合"分段轨压"可以有效降低瞬态过程烟度峰值;EGR阀的开闭对瞬态性能影响最大,瞬态过程1.5s关阀、4s开阀的策略可以实现较好的烟度和NO_x排放折中,消光烟度峰值为9.2%,NO_x峰值稍有增加但增幅不大。     

可变喷嘴涡轮增压器对车用柴油机瞬态性能的影响

应用自行开发的柴油机瞬态工况测控系统和VNT电控系统,试验研究了可变喷嘴涡轮增压器对车用增压中冷柴油机瞬态工况下烟度、增压压力、燃油消耗量及空燃比等性能参数的影响规律。研究结果表明,在典型瞬态工况下适当减小VNT的开度可以改善进气响应、增加进气充量,选取合理的VNT开度可以降低排气烟度,低速增负荷工况排气烟度可降低34%,但喷嘴环开度过小,将导致增压器效率下降,进气量降低,排气烟度增加。     

烟度限制策略对柴油机瞬态性能的影响研究

针对柴油机瞬态工况出现冒烟的问题,设计了一种基于扭矩协调的烟度限制控制策略,实现了柴油机瞬态工况下烟度的控制,系统研究了不同过量空气系数(φa)限值对柴油机瞬态工况下动力性能和排放的影响.结果表明:φa限值可以限制柴油机瞬态过程中的循环喷油量,保证期望的过量空气系数,从而限制炭烟的排放.φa限值为1.51时,烟度较低,与φa限值1.01对比,1 200 r/min和3 200 r/min转速下烟度峰值降幅分别达到85％和88％;φa限值为1.51时,瞬态动力响应较慢,与φa限值1.01对比,1 200 r/min和3 200 r/min转速下瞬态响应分别延迟了 58％和57％.为了确保柴油机满足瞬态工况下的动力性需求,防止瞬态过程过量空气系数过小而导致过高的烟度,应该标定合适的φa限值.     

进气节流对柴油机低负荷性能影响的试验研究

在柴油机上加装节流阀是提升小负荷工况排温、改善排放的途径之一,但会对柴油机的其他性能造成影响。本研究通过给柴油机加装节流阀,研究了进气节流对柴油机小负荷工况性能的影响。试验结果表明:进气节流对柴油机的排温和NOx排放提升明显;柴油机进气节流后缸内压力下降,缸内平均燃烧温度、机械效率升高,滞燃期延长,燃烧始点后移;中低转速小负荷工况,随着节流程度的增加,燃油消耗率和烟度增加;高转速小负荷工况,一定范围内通过进气节流可以实现燃油消耗率和烟度的降低。2 500r/min,29N·m工况,保持EGR阀全开,随着节流程度的增加,NOx和烟度出现同时下降趋势,当空气流量由191.4kg/h降至140.6kg/h时,燃油消耗率、NOx、烟度分别下降了7.9%,58.1%,27.3%,排温提升了42.5%。     

EGR影响高速直喷柴油机NOx和烟度排放机理的研究

设计了基于步进电机的高精度EGR率可变电子控制系统,并利用该系统研究了不同工况下EGR率对柴油机NOx和烟度排放的影响.结果表明,随着负荷的增加,EGR对NOx的抑制效果明显,NOx排放对氧浓度变化的敏感性增强,而燃烧温度的增加是次要因素;随着转速的增加,NOx排放对氧浓度变化的敏感性降低,此时反应时间起主要作用,所以EGR对NOx的抑制效果减弱;烟度排放主要取决于氧的含量,故在各转速下随负荷的增加烟度随EGR率的变化越明显.     

基于PID的柴油机闭环EGR控制策略研究

介绍了基于PID控制原理的柴油机闭环EGR控制策略;探讨比例系数P、积分系数I对EGR系统稳定性和响应性的影响,提出不同工况下PI参数的整定原则;在欧洲稳态试验循环NOx排放水平一致的前提下,对比分别采用开环、闭环控制策略控制EGR开度时,不同转速加速工况下发动机烟度排放、加速性能的区别。结果表明,采用闭环控制EGR系统时,发动机的瞬态工况烟度排放和加速性能都明显优于开环控制系统。     

高低压EGR对重型柴油机性能影响的试验研究

针对一台两级增压的高压共轨重型柴油机,围绕高压废气再循环(HP_EGR)和低压废气再循环(LP_EGR)在不同工况下对重型柴油机的两级增压系统、进排气参数和排放特性的影响机理展开试验研究.研究结果表明:不同工况下,仅开低压EGR对柴油机的两级增压系统、进排气参数基本无影响,而仅开高压EGR对以上参数影响较大;中速中高负荷在开低压EGR时,可明显改善NO x与燃油消耗率(BSFC)和NO x与烟度的Trade-off关系;而高速开高压EGR时,也可明显改善NO x与BSFC的Trade-off关系,但烟度会出现小幅度恶化趋势;在高速高负荷点开高压EGR时,存在由于泵气损失降低带来油耗下降和燃烧恶化带来油耗升高的平衡点,但在高速低负荷点并未出现类似平衡点;在高低压EGR分配策略方面,中速中高负荷时以低压EGR为主,高速低负荷时以高压EGR为主,高速高负荷时以高压EGR为主,低压EGR为辅,从而实现较低原排的同时拥有较好燃油经济性和烟度.     

排气背压对有无EGR重型柴油机油耗的影响

为了研究排气背压对有无废气再循环(EGR,Exhaust Gas Recirculation)重型柴油机油耗及排温等性能的影响,选取了1540r/min和320N.m的稳态工况分别对有EGR和无EGR的发动机进行了变排气背压试验。试验结果表明:排气背压每增加1kPa,无EGR的发动机油耗率增加0.49g/kWh;有EGR的发动机油耗率增加1.43g/kWh;排气背压对有EGR发动机的油耗率更敏感;低背压时,有EGR发动机的油耗率低于无EGR发动机,高背压时,有EGR发动机高于无EGR发动机。研究结果为重型柴油机排气系统结构设计和布置提供了理论指导。     

EGR增压柴油机的燃烧及排放特性研究

在1台增压中冷柴油机上,采用从涡轮前取气回流到压气机后的高压EGR系统,研究了恒定转速不同负荷下发动机的燃烧和排放特性。在同一工况下,随着EGR率增加,压缩终了混合气温度升高,着火延迟期缩短,燃气压力和温度下降,燃烧持续期延长。分析了柴油机燃烧过程及排放污染物的形成机理。研究发现,当发动机负荷由大变小时,随着EGR率增加,CO的形成因受温度控制增幅越来越大,HC受着火延迟期和供氧的影响增幅越来越小,NO_x的降幅几乎随EGR率呈线性变化,而排气烟度则呈二阶多项式趋势的恶化。     

EGR阀升程规律对重型柴油机瞬态工况排放特性的影响

基于1台配备废气再循环系统(EGR)的重型柴油机,试验研究了瞬态工况下EGR阀升程规律对重型柴油机排放特性的影响。针对恒转速变扭矩与恒扭矩变转速过渡工况设计了5种EGR阀升程规律,根据升程走势可分为3种类型:线性升程,上凸型升程以及下凹型升程。结果表明:瞬变过程中,初始EGR阀开度变化速率对NO_x生成影响巨大,NO与NO_x排放规律基本吻合,EGR阀升程规律对NO_2排放影响甚微。不同EGR阀升程规律下烟度变化规律相同,呈先增后减的趋势,但峰值明显不同。EGR阀升程规律对燃油经济性影响不大。     

EGR对车用柴油机性能影响的试验研究

结合某废气涡轮增压和高压共轨小型4缸柴油机国Ⅳ排放达标工作,进行了计算机在线实时控制EGR对柴油机性能影响的试验研究,通过试验分析了EGR对NOx、烟度、排气温度、燃油消耗率的影响规律,并对EGR率与喷油提前角的匹配作了进一步的研究。结果表明,为降低柴油机NOx排放,不同工况应采取不同的EGR率;烟度、排气温度、燃油消耗率均随着EGR率的增加而增大;EGR率和喷油提前角应实现良好的匹配,才能保证NOx排放和燃油消耗率都能达到要求,其中小EGR率匹配小喷油提前角,大EGR率匹配大喷油提前角。     

Adaptation Strategy for Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Common Rail Pressure to Improve Transient Torque Response in Diesel Engines

Fuel injection limitation algorithms are widely used to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions under transient states in diesel engines. However, the limited injection quantity leads to a decrease in the engine torque response under transient states. To overcome this issue, this study proposes an adaptation strategy for exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and common rail pressure combined with a fuel injection limitation algorithm. The proposed control algorithm consists of three parts: fuel injection limitation, EGR adaptation, and rail pressure adaptation. The fuel injection quantity is limited by adjusting the exhaust burned gas rate, which is predicted based on various intake air states like air mass flow and EGR mass flow. The control algorithm for EGR and rail pressure was designed to manipulate the set-points of the EGR and rail pressure when the fuel injection limitation is activated. The EGR controller decreases the EGR gas flow rate to rapidly supply fresh air under transient states. The rail pressure controller increases the rail pressure set-point to generate a well-mixed air-fuel mixture, resulting in an enhancement in engine torque under transient states. The proposed adaptation strategy was validated through engine experiments. These experiments showed that PM emissions were reduced by up to 11.2 %, and the engine torque was enhanced by 5.4 % under transient states compared to the injection limitation strategy without adaptation.     

Nonlinear sliding mode observer for exhaust manifold pressure estimation in a light-duty diesel engine

In this paper, a sliding mode observer is proposed to estimate exhaust pressure for a diesel engine equipped with variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems. Since the exhaust pressure directly affects generation of the VGT power and the EGR rate in the cylinder, the exhaust pressure information is important for precise control of the VGT and EGR systems. In order to estimate the exhaust pressure accurately, a dynamic model of intake and exhaust pressure was derived. Furthermore, the mass flow rate and temperature of the air system in the diesel engines were modeled by consideration of physical phenomena and the thermodynamic law. Based on the developed models, a nonlinear sliding mode observer was designed to estimate the exhaust pressure. Convergence of the proposed observer was verified by the Lyapunov stability criterion. The proposed observer was implemented on a real-time embedded system and validated with the engine experiments. The experimental results show that the observer estimates the exhaust pressure accurately in both steady and transient engine operating conditions. Moreover, as a case study, the estimation results of the proposed observer could be applied for detecting a fault of the EGR system. The fault of the EGR system was detected precisely using the estimation result and the limited sensor information in mass-produced engines.     

Reduction of engine emissions via a real-time engine combustion control with an egr rate estimation model

Vehicle emissions regulations are becoming increasingly severe and remain a principal issue for vehicle manufacturers. Since, WLTP (Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedures) and RDE (real driving emission) regulations have been recently introduced, the engine operating conditions have been rapidly changed during the emission tests. Significantly more emissions are emitted during transient operation conditions compared to those at steady state operation conditions. For a diesel engine, combustion control is one of the most effective approaches to reduce engine exhaust emissions, particularly during the transient operation. The concern of this paper is about reducing emissions using a closed loop combustion control system which includes a EGR rate estimation model. The combustion control system calculates the angular position where 50 % of the injected fuel mass is burned (MFB50) using in-cylinder pressure for every cycle. In addition, the fuel injection timing is changed to make current MFB50 follow the target values. The EGR rate can be estimated by using trapped air mass and in-cylinder pressure when the intake valves are closed. When the EGR rate is different from the normal steady conditions, the target of MFB50 and the fuel injection timing are changed. The accuracy of the model is verified through engine tests, as well as the effect of combustion control. The peaks in NO level was decreased during transient conditions after adoption of the EGR model-based closed loop combustion control system.     

废气再循环降低增压柴油机排放的试验研究

对废气再循环（EGR）系统降低CA498Z柴油机排放进行了试验研究，介绍了试验设备和试验方法。试验结果表明，EGR系统能显著降低发动机NOx的排放量，在高负荷时尤为明显；但高负荷时应用EGR系统会引起动力性下降、油耗上升、排气烟度增大；在发动机各工况点下选择最佳的EGR率，可在对发动机其它性能影响很小的前提下，显著地降低发动机的NOx排放。     

Study of strategy for model-based cooperative control of EGR and VGT in a diesel engine

There is a mutual influence between the effects of controlling exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and a variable geometry turbocharger (VGT). This paper presents an approach through the application of a control system CAD program and rapid prototyping tools to improve transient operating states by referring to a model-based exhaust recirculation and variable geometry turbocharger control algorithm. The operation model for estimating the state conditions of EGR and a VGT was built on the controller. Simulation and experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of optimized transient control are also described.     

内部EGR率计算方法的C语言实现

介绍了实现HCCI燃烧的不同内部EGR策略,分析了排气门晚关策略和负气门重叠策略下EGR率计算方法,编写了两种策略下EGR率的C语言计算程序,并对两种策略下的不同工况进行了计算。计算结果显示:随着负荷的增大EGR率逐渐降低;在较为宽广的负荷范围内,排气门晚关策略下的计算程序误差限小于4%;负气门重叠策略下的EGR率计算程序简洁实用。     

EGR在内燃机上的应用

EGR是降低内燃机NOx排放的主要机外净化措施之一。文章介绍了EGR技术对抑制NOx生成的理论基础及EGR率的确定原则：阐述了EGR对发动机排放性、动力性、经济性、气缸磨损的影响以及EGR在其他新型燃料发动机的应用。指出随着EGR的增大,发动机NOx的降低效果非常明显,但是烟度、PM和CO的排放都有增加的趋势,对HC的影响不大;同时,随着EGR的增大,发动机的动力性和经济性都有恶化的趋势,特别是对于发动机的动力性降低较明显。