某大功率柴油机顺序增压系统切换过程试验研究

为提高某大功率柴油机顺序增压系统切换过程的平稳性,对柴油机不同负荷工况下切换对增压压力的影响规律,进气阀延迟时间与动作速度对系统喘振、空气倒流的影响规律进行了台架试验研究。试验结果表明:切换点选择在柴油机的较大负荷工况,可以避免切换过程中柴油机功率的大幅度下降;从1TC到2TC的切换过程中,进气阀延迟并缓慢打开,从2TC到1TC的切换过程中,进气阀延迟并快速关闭,可以避免系统的喘振和空气倒流。研究结果为顺序增压系统控制策略的制定提供了依据。     

车用质子交换膜燃料电池空气供应系统自适应解耦控制方法研究

当空压机性能发生衰减或静态特性发生变化时,采用前馈补偿解耦闭环控制算法对车用质子交换膜燃料电池空气供应系统基于该算法进行控制的品质会变差。为此本文在前馈补偿解耦闭环控制的基础上增加了自适应查表算法,以期提高空压机转速调节能力。硬件在环仿真结果表明,改进后的自适应解耦控制算法可在线和自适应地更新空压机转速标定表,从而有效消除PI调节器积分饱和现象,使空压机响应速度更快,入堆空气流量的控制效果更好。     

电动客车空气管路气压控制的另一途径

采用简单可靠的汽车元件,对电动客车气压制动系统中空气压缩机和集成调压阀空气干燥器进行合理控制,以满足电动客车气压制动系统功能要求。     

电动汽车燃料电池增程器应用——小功率空气压缩机建模与仿真

将小功率燃料电池系统作为增程器是解决电动汽车续驶里程不理想的可选方法之一。针对适用于燃料电池增程器系统的滑片式空气压缩机,利用相关测试数据和热力学校正的方法,建立空气压缩机模型并进行相关仿真研究。仿真结果表明,该空气压缩机模型能够反映环境因素、出口背压和空压机转速对出口空气流量的影响,能为整个燃料电池增程器系统的设计和优化提供有用的信息。     

二级增压系统压气机效率的优化策略研究

对配置在1台重型车用柴油机上的二级增压系统进行了性能研究。结果表明:放气阀开启的二级增压系统存在进气能力不足、压气机效率低的问题;关闭二级增压放气阀后,在中、低转速低负荷工况仅采用高压级增压器,而其余工况借助高压级涡轮旁通阀实现进气压力可调,增压系统压气机效率均可超过60%,且最大进气压力可达334kPa;针对不同工况采用不同增压形式,通过控制涡轮旁通阀开度使二级增压系统进气压力及压比分配得到有效调节,可以改善压气机效率及燃油经济性,为二级增压系统与重型柴油机的性能匹配提供技术参考。     

变排量压缩机汽车空调制冷系统节流元件的配置

对变排量压缩机与定排量压缩机加以比较，在分析变排量压缩机和热力膨胀阀汽车空调制冷系统以及变排量压缩机和节流管理汽车空调制冷系统基础上，提出了变排量压缩机和电子膨胀阀组成的空调制冷系统，并对其系统特征加以分析，提出了其制方案和控制算法。     

加压燃料电池发动机开发

以系统可靠性和耐久性为开发重点,通过引进空压机突破加压燃料电池发动机的技术障碍,提高系统工作压力到0．1MPa左右。通过加压改善系统的增湿情况,提供系统工作温度,验证引进空压机的可靠性和在燃料电池系统中适应性,开发一套可用于轿车的燃料电池发动机。     

汽车动力转向器任意曲线切边矩形阀口压力静特性的计算分析

阀是动力转向器的关键元件，其静特性决定着转向器的性能。阀静特性包括其流量特性、压力特性和流量—压力特性。根据阀等效液压桥路模型，建立了汽车动力转向器恒流源阀压力静特性的一般公式和负载压力与阀入口压力之间的定量关系。对任意曲线切边矩形阀口压力静特性的计算方法做了阐述。最后，以圆弧切边阀口为例，讨论了与阀压力静特性有关的一些问题。     

车用PEM燃料电池发动机的动态响应特性

通过建立一个蛇形流场单电池的三维模型,计算了质子交换膜(PEM)燃料电池发动机的动态响应特性,从而得出影响PEM燃料电池发动机动态特性的最佳运行条件。结果表明,操作压力为303 975 Pa时超调量过大,202 650 Pa时性能最好;温度越高,超调量越小,但性能越差,低电流密度下60℃时电池性能最佳,高电流密度下70℃时电池性能最佳;阴阳极相对湿度之比为100%/100%时,超调量过大,为70%/70%时性能最稳定;空气过量系数为1时,超调量过大,电池的动态性能不稳定,空气过量系数为2时最利于控制。     

Analysis of the performance of the evaporator of automotive air conditioning system

The purpose of this research was to establish a theoretical model for the evaporator of automotive air conditioning system and conducting simulations to evaluate the effect of operation parameters, environmental conditions, and design parameters on the performance of evaporator. An automotive air conditioning system primarily consists of four components: the compressor, the condenser, the refrigerant controller, and the evaporator. The refrigerant flow in the evaporator can be divided into two regions: the evaporating region and the superheat region. The refrigerant in the first region is a two-phase flow, while the refrigerant in the latter region is in the state of superheated vapor. The air flowing through the interior of the evaporator can also be divided into two zones: the unsaturated zone and the saturated zone. Water vapor is condensed in the saturated zone while in the unsaturated zone, no water condenses. Because the refrigerant flow and the airflow are perpendicular to each other, the distribution of refrigerant in the evaporating region and the superheat region does not coincide with the distribution of air in the unsaturated zone and the saturated zone. This study examines the effects of different design parameters, environmental conditions and operating parameters on the cooling capacity and superheat of an air conditioning system. Design parameters include the length of the refrigerant channel, the length of the air channel, and the thickness of the fins. Environmental conditions include the air inlet temperature and absolute humidity. Operation conditions include the refrigerant inlet enthalpy, inlet air flow rate, and refrigerant mass flow rate. Results of simulation demonstrated that fins with 50 micron meters width has the greatest cooling capacity for identical outer dimensions; thicker or thinner fins only decreased cooling capacity. Under different outer dimensions, longer refrigerant tubes and air channels created a greater cooling capacity. However, the increase in cooling capacity becomes less and less if the refrigerant flow was fixed because the heat transfer capability of the gaseous refrigerant was limited. In this study, an increase of 19% in cooling capacity can be reached as the length of refrigerant channels was increased, and the increased length of the air channels can promote the cooling capacity by 22%. Besides, it was found in this study that a decrease in the refrigerant inlet enthalpy, the inlet air flow rate, the air inlet temperature, and the inlet absolute humidity, or an increase in the refrigerant mass flow rate, would extend the superheat region and decrease the refrigerant’s superheat. It was also found that the cooling capacity of air conditioners is extremely sensitive to changes in the refrigerant mass flow rate and the inlet enthalpy, and variations more than 50% were found in the operating ranges examined in this study. However, changes in the inlet temperature, absolute humidity, and inlet air flow rate only resulted in variations between 10% and 20% in the examined ranges of conditions. Finally, a correlation among these variables and the simulated cooling capacity was obtained in this study, enabling the relevant researchers to evaluate automotive air conditioning performance under different environmental conditions and operation parameters more easily.     

高压质子交换膜燃料电池运行参数优选研究

通过正交试验,研究了空气压力、空气当鼍比、空气-氢气压力差及燃料电池工作温度等运行参数对高压质子交换膜燃料电池性能的影响.对试验结果的分析表明:使用该高压燃料电池时,理应尽可能采用较高的空气当量比,但会相应增加空气压缩机的功率消耗,故在燃料电池发动机整体设计中须加以综合权衡;在较小电流情况下,较高的空气压力有利于燃料电池性能的提高;而随着电流的增加,工作温度对于燃料电池性能的影响增大.     

Performance of air conditioners with a gas-liquid separation condenser and one-tank laminated evaporator

In this study, a parallel flow condenser and laminated evaporator for an automotive air-conditioning system were modified to improve performance. Gas-liquid separation type condensers, in which the condenser and receiver drier are integrated, and one-tank laminated type evaporators were developed, and their performances were investigated experimentally using HFC-134a. Heat transfer characteristics in the condenser are examined by means of air temperature, air velocity entering the condenser and inlet pressure of the refrigerant; heat transfer characteristics in the evaporator are examined by means of air temperature, relative humidity, flow rate of air, outlet pressure of refrigerant and superheat. Pressure drops for both evaporator and condenser are also measured, and correlations for pressure drop are derived for the condenser and evaporator, respectively. Air velocity and mass flow rate of the refrigerant have a significant effect on the overall heat transfer coefficient, and flow pass is not significantly influenced by the cooling capacity of the condenser. The overall heat transfer coefficient of the evaporator increases as air flow rate, air temperature and relative humidity increases.     

Experimental validation of a mathematical model of a reed-valve reciprocating air compressor from an automotive-braking system

Mathematical simulation is the process of designing a model of a real system and then conducting experiments with the simulation to understand the system’s behavior. Mathematical simulation is widely used for investigating and designing compressors, and with a minimal number of simplifying assumptions, mathematical models can be used in conjunction with modern computing tools to solve complicated problems. A considerable amount of previous research has focused on the mathematical modeling of reciprocating air compressors used in automotive braking. The aim of the present work was to experimentally validate the mathematical model for such compressors. We present a simplified and effective mathematical model for estimating compressor performance, and this model can easily be executed using personal computers. Parameters such as compressor speed, discharge pressure and clearance volume were evaluated in terms of their effect on the thermodynamic behavior of compressors. The model can predict cylinder pressure, cylinder volume, cylinder temperature, valve lift and resultant torque at different crank angles; it can also predict the free air delivered and the indicated power of the compressor. Therefore, the model has been validated using experimental results.     

VGT叶片开度对二级增压柴油机高海拔低速匹配特性的影响

基于二级可调增压柴油机高海拔性能模拟试验平台,研究了不同海拔条件下 VGT 叶片开度对高压共轨柴油机二级可调增压系统低速匹配特性的影响。研究结果表明：不同海拔下,随着 VGT 叶片开度的减小,高压级涡轮的涡轮膨胀比和压气机压比、绝热效率逐渐提高,而低压级涡轮膨胀比及压气机效率变化则趋于平缓,因此两级压气机总压比、总效率和总功率的变化趋势与高压级压气机一致;柴油机进气流量及空燃比随着 VGT 叶片开度的减小而增大,动力性及经济性也随之升高;海拔0～4500 m ,高压级压气机匹配状况良好,联合运行线均位于高效率区内。     

奥拓轿车的空调系统

奥拓轿车是近几年国内出现的新车型，其空调系统设计合理，性能可靠，调温能力强。它的空调系统主要由压缩机，冷凝器，贮液干燥器，膨胀阀，蒸发器等组成，空调系统的控制元件主要有：制冷开关，彭风开关，放大器，高压开关，恒温器和加速断裂开关等，对各部件的结构和功用进行了详细的介绍。     

质子交换膜燃料电池系统建模与仿真分析

本文基于Amesim软件建立完整的燃料电池系统模型,包含电堆、空气系统、氢气系统和冷却系统模型,研究系统操作条件变化对系统性能的影响,结果表明,该模型可对空气计量比、电堆空入压力、电堆氢入压力、电堆水入温度等参数进行敏感性分析,并选出了最优系统运行操作条件及其对应的系统功率和效率输出,支持系统开发和操作条件优化。     

进、排气背压对涡轮增压柴油机工作过程影响的研究

本研究在不同进、排气背压下,测定了柴油机示功图,进、排气管温度及压力,柴油机输出功率和排气烟度等参数,在此基础上计算了柴油机放热率,分析了进、排气背压变化对柴油机放热率的影响。结果表明,进气背压变小后,柴油机燃烧持续期变长,热量利用率低;排气背压增大后,柴油机燃烧不充分,排气烟度大;排气背压变大后,涡轮增压器工作环境差,柴油机进气压力也相应降低。     

CA142空压机的正确使用与保养

简要介绍了ＣＡ１４２载货车所装用的空压机的结构和性能参数，详细分析了空压机的泵气和卸荷两工作过程，认为在使用中应注意管路中调压阀和安全空的压力值和空滤器的清洗问题。同时提出了对空压机卸荷失灵，空压机泵气不足，空压机温度高，空压机有异响等故障的排除方法。     

与液压间隙调节器有关的参数变化对气门机构动力学计算结果的影响

通过模拟计算考察了在有液压间隙调节器的气门机构中,柱塞—柱塞套间隙、机油温度、供油压力以及高压腔机油内混气变化对有直动式HLA的某气门机构的动力学特性的影响。结果表明,柱塞—柱塞套间隙、机油温度和压力变化对模拟计算结果影响很小;凸轮轴低转速时,柱塞—柱塞套间隙、机油温度对计算结果的影响比高转速时略大些;HLA高压腔机油混气对气门机构动力学计算结果有很大影响。     

Tracked Air Cushion Vehicle Suspension Models: Analysis and Comparison

In this paper several dynamical models of fluid suspensions for tracked air cushion vehicles are analyzed and compared. Specifically, the models considered conform to: a fifth-order linear suspension, a nonlinear configuration with a constant supply pressure, a nonlinear model with compressor characteristics, and a sixth-order nonlinear model with a supply duct connecting the compressor to the cushion chamber. Nonlinearities included in the analysis are the flexible-skirted cushion capacitance, cushion entrance and exit orifice restrictions, feeding system duct fluid capacitance, and compressor pressure-flow characteristics. Temporal responses are obtained for guideway and external force inputs. Back flow conditions under which the supply compressor can stall are examined. It is shown that the general behavior resulting from linear analysis is in many respects similar to that obtained from the nonlinear analysis. Thus, a linear model could provide a good initial basis for a preliminary design and performance specifications.