中国资源巨头自建船队

中国石油天然气股份有限公司（中石油）将斥资两亿元人民币打造两艘超大型油轮。这宗交易已经酝酿多时，标志着中石油将建立自己的油轮船队。中石油是中国最大的石油生产商。早在2008年，该公司就提出了筹建超大型油轮船队的想法，金融危机的到来迫使中石油推迟实施造船计划。     

矿山巨头纷建船队

5月中旬的船舶交易信息显示．巴西淡水河谷刚从中东的一家油轮公司购买了5艘单壳超大型油轮（VLCC），计划将其改装成散货船运输铁矿石；力拓集团也向韩进重工订购了8艘超大型矿砂船（VLOC）．重启自建船队计划。     

单壳油轮的去留影响油轮市场行情

近日，业内预期超大型油轮（VLCC）的运力供给平衡问题，今后将主要取决于单壳油轮何时退出油轮市场，2010年前，单壳油轮根据法律退出油轮市场，因此目前超大型油轮新船的订单量很大，但由于目前单壳油轮还未退出市场，因此造成超大型油轮运力大涨，供大于求，导致油轮整体市场疲软.[第一段]     

对油轮公司船舶能效管理实施架构的探讨

船舶营运能效管理计划即将实施,油轮公司将制定油轮能效管理计划和船队能效管理体系,通过计划和体系的实施,推进油轮公司船队更安全、节能、环保地营运。     

2010年俄罗斯港口将禁止单壳油轮挂靠

俄罗斯港口决定将于2010年禁止单壳油轮靠泊，而5年前他们还曾表示这些油轮可能将继续运营。俄罗斯作为全球第二大石油生产商，其港口主要挂靠苏伊士极限型和阿芙拉极限型油轮，如果禁止单壳油轮挂靠，对全球苏伊士极限型和阿芙拉极限型油轮市场将产生一定的冲击。据经纪商ICAP Shipping研究显示，苏伊士极限型油轮全球大约360艘，占全球油轮船队的13％，阿芙拉极限型油轮大约750艘，占全球油轮船队的14％，这些都是单壳油轮。     

加快建设世界级油轮船队的步伐 中海续建VLCC和大型油轮

近日,中海发展在上海分别与大连船舶重工、广船国际签订船舶建造合同,续建4艘30万吨级VLCC(超大型油轮)和4艘4．2万吨级原油/成品油兼用船。此举标志着中海集团在创建“世界级油轮船队”过程中又迈出了极其重要的一步。     

中国加紧组建远洋油轮船队

中国海运(集团)总公司副总经理孙治堂目前说，为了保障国家能源运输战略的需求，中海集团正在加快建设一支世界级的油轮船队。他预计，随着我国远洋油轮船队建设的加快，5年内我国油轮船队承担的进口石油份额，将从现在的仅仅占10％提高到30％左右，孙治堂介绍说，由于我国远洋油轮运输能力严重不足，     

2010年将是淘汰单壳油轮的大限

至2010年，世界船队将从现在的大约3．5亿载重吨大幅增加到4．5亿载重吨，九成的油轮将建有双壳船体。这个油轮船队的平均船龄可能在10年左右，甚至更年轻。届时油轮业将彻底翻身，摆脱“锈桶”形象。[第一段]     

VLCC

事件回放：007年全球油轮船队的新增运力幅度有望达到6％，今后两年则分别为5％与5．9％。照此计算，从2007～2009年，全球油轮船队规模将扩大17.87％以上。各家公司大力扩张运力，扩张VLCC。但2007年油轮运输却只能以黯淡形容。自2004年以来，船队增长速度远远大于运量需求，这使得运价低迷不振。但冬天到了，春天还会远吗？     

Euronav对VLCC大笔投资油轮登上中心舞台

2014年原油运费将上涨，海运业的主要看点将是油轮船队。 圣诞节期间，虽然大多数船东去度假了，但是比利时油运船东Euronav经过努力，把一个巨大的赌注押在了大型油轮市场。许多航运分析师也附和，预测2014年原油运费将上涨，海运的主力将是油轮船队．     

编队协同防空系统通信网设计初探

目前编队防空正由平台防空模式向协同防空模式过渡,这对防空系统通信网设计带来了一定的挑战.本文首先分析了美军编队协同防空系统的组成和作战样式,据此分析了其通信网组成及相关参数指标.以美军为借鉴.提出了我军编队协同防空系统的初步设想,并据此提出了防空通信网的技术体制,并就其中涉及到的关键技术进行了相关讨论.     

Strategic fleet size planning for maritime refrigerated containers

In the present economic climate, it is often the case that profits can only be improved, or for that matter maintained, by improving efficiency and cutting costs. This is particularly notorious in the shipping business, where it has been seen that the competition is getting tougher among carriers, thus alliances and partnerships are resulting for cost effective services in recent years. In this scenario, effective planning methods are important not only for strategic but also operating tasks, covering their entire transportation systems. Container fleet size planning is an important part of the strategy of any shipping line. This paper addresses the problem of fleet size planning for refrigerated containers, to achieve cost-effective services in a competitive maritime shipping market. An analytical model is first discussed to determine the optimal size of an own dry container fleet. Then, this is extended for an own refrigerated container fleet, which is the case when an extremely unbalanced trade represents one of the major investment decisions to be taken by liner operators. Next, a simulation model is developed for fleet sizing in a more practical situation and, by using this, various scenarios are analysed to determine the most convenient composition of refrigerated fleet between own and leased containers for the transpacific cargo trade.     

多功能挖泥配套辅助船舶的研究

疏浚作业是一项复杂的系统工程 ,如何合理配置其各组成单元 ,是一项很值得研究的工作。在分析系统组成的基础上 ,从减少挖泥船队投资规模、提高作业管理效率的角度 ,提出了吸扬式挖泥船队的编队方式 ,即挖泥船 (含水上排泥管系 ) +宿舍船 +多功能辅助船组成的挖泥船队 ,实现了吸扬式挖泥船队的最简化配置 ,并进一步就多功能辅助船舶的设计研究作了有益的探讨     

Refrigerated container versus bulk: evidence from the banana cold chain

During the last 20 years, the reefer shipping sector has been characterised by a gradual changing process, leading from specialised vessels to reefer containers. In fact, the reefer bulk fleet has experienced an irreversible decline, while the reefer container fleet has shown a continuous growth. This article investigates the current major factors shaping the reefer shipping industry, in order to understand the economic drivers inducing competition between bulk and containers. Therefore, a twofold analysis has been performed. First, an overview of the reefer market, including the cold chain, the demand for refrigerated products and the supply of reefer capacity given both by containership fleet and by conventional reefer fleet. Second, a specific case of the banana trade has been carried out for evaluating the revenues of each player involved in the banana cold chain followed by a cost analysis. The results reveal the market tendencies, focusing on the main sources of competition for bulk versus container.     

A dynamic model and algorithm for fleet planning

By analysing the merits and demerits of the existing linear model for fleet planning, this paper presents an algorithm which combines the linear programming technique with that of dynamic programming to improve the solution to linear model for fleet planning. This new approach has not only the merits that the linear model for fleet planning has, but also the merit of saving computing time. The numbers of ships newly added into the fleet every year are always integers in the final optimal solution. The last feature of the solution directly meets the requirements of practical application. Both the mathematical model of the dynamic fleet planning and its algorithm are put forward in this paper. A calculating example is also given.     

郑和船队下西洋航线及其相关的季风航海问题

郑和船队的海上航行活动,与低纬度地区的季风变化有着密切联系,具体表现为:1)郑和船队下西洋的出发港选择在福建长乐,这里属于亚热带季风的稳定影响地区;2)郑和下西洋船队,往返时间一般为一年半,这个特点主要是由船队选择的特定航线和航行中需要利用的不同季风的转向时间决定的;3)郑和船队航程中的候风点有“斯鲁马益”、“苏门答剌”;4)分地点有“苏门答剌”、“古里”;5)主船队与各分支船队的合地点在“满剌加”。郑和船队在选择航线,确定候风点、分点、合点时,充分考虑了低纬度地区季风的变化特点,反映出当时中国海员深谙低纬度季风变化规律,充分利用其特点进行远洋航海的高超水平。     

正交设计法在拖驳船队参数优选中的应用

将正交设计法应用于拖驳船队参数的优选上，对拖驳船队组方案进行技术经济论，通过多级优选，得到了最佳组队方案，并且对油价等因素的变化是否对象最佳组队方案产生影响进行了敏感性分析。     

Tonnage tax: is it working?

The introduction of the tonnage tax for shipping companies has been a response to the declining fleets in many European countries. There are strategic and commercial reasons why a maritime presence is desirable, not least of which is to maintain an important skill base. Although regimes have differed they all offer some form of preferential rates of tax for those ships on the register. In certain cases this tax subsidy has been linked to a requirement to train seafarers, notably in the UK. This article analyses the impact of the tonnage tax system and its success in achieving its objectives of fleet expansion and employment with particular reference to the UK.     

The subsidization of seaports: an alternative approach

The introduction of the tonnage tax for shipping companies has been a response to the declining fleets in many European countries. There are strategic and commercial reasons why a maritime presence is desirable, not least of which is to maintain an important skill base. Although regimes have differed they all offer some form of preferential rates of tax for those ships on the register. In certain cases this tax subsidy has been linked to a requirement to train seafarers, notably in the UK. This article analyses the impact of the tonnage tax system and its success in achieving its objectives of fleet expansion and employment with particular reference to the UK.     

Future cost scenarios for reduction of ship CO2 emissions

International shipping is a significant contributor to Global Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, responsible for approximately 3% of global CO₂ emissions. The International Maritime Organization is currently working to establish GHG regulations for international shipping and a cost effectiveness approach has been suggested to determine the required emission reductions from shipping. To achieve emission reductions in a cost effective manner, this study has assessed the cost and reduction potential for present and future abatement measures based on new and unpublished data. The model used captures the world fleet up to 2030, and the analysis includes 25 separate measures. A new integrated modelling approach has been used combining fleet projections with activity-based CO₂ emission modelling and projected development of measures for CO₂ emission reduction. The world fleet projections up to 2030 are constructed using a fleet growth model that takes into account assumed ship type specific scrapping and new building rates. A baseline trajectory for CO₂ emission is then established. The reduction potential from the baseline trajectory and the associated marginal cost levels are calculated for 25 different emission reduction measures. The results are given as marginal abatement cost curves, and as future cost scenarios for reduction of world fleet CO₂ emissions. The results show that a scenario in which CO₂ emissions are reduced by 33% from baseline in 2030 is achievable at a marginal cost of USD 0 per tonne reduced. At this cost level, emission in 2010 can be reduced by 19% and by 24% in 2020. A scenario with 49% reduction from baseline in 2030 can be achieved at a marginal cost of USD 100 per tonne (27% in 2010 and 35% in 2020). Furthermore, it is evident that further increasing the cost level beyond USD 100 per tonne yield very little in terms of further emission reduction. The results also indicate that stabilising fleet emissions at current levels is obtainable at moderate costs, compensating for fleet growth up to 2030. However, significant reductions beyond current levels seem difficult to achieve. Marginal abatement costs for the major ship types are also calculated, and the results are shown to be relatively homogenous for all major ship types. The presented data and methodology could be very useful for assisting the industry and policymakers in selecting cost effective solutions for reducing GHG emissions from the world fleet.