基于序贯Kriging模型的潜器型线优化设计

潜器型线优化设计是一个多目标优化问题,在型线设计过程中,阻力性能与包络体积的要求是相互冲突的。为了解决计算流体力学软件如Fluent在进行潜器的外形优化设计时效率低下问题,采用Kriging模型代替仿真模型进行潜器外形设计的策略,其基本思想是：选取设计变量和样本点,利用ICEM软件建立参数化的水动力分析模型,用Fluent软件计算得到样本点的阻力响应值,建立反映设计变量与响应之间关系的Kriging模型,将阻力和体积作为潜器外形优化的两个目标,利用多目标遗传算法求出Pareto最优解。由于采样策略对Kriging模型精度影响很大,本文提出了一种新的序贯采样方法命名为加权累积误差方法,来选取样本点以提高Kriging模型精度。结果表明提出的序贯Kriging建模技术能极大提高潜器型线优化设计效率,同时保证设计精度。     

基于全参数化建模的高速客船型线优化设计

以某型高速客船为研究对象。采用CAESES FRIENDSHIP-Framework软件进行全参数化建模,对初始模型采用SHIPFLOW软件进行兴波阻力计算,将计算结果与船模试验结果进行对比,以验证计算的可靠性。采用Sobol算法进行特征参数的灵敏度计算,以有效降低设计空间维数,提高计算效率。建立多航速优化模型,完成船体艏部兴波阻力优化。结果表明,优化模型的兴波阻力在多航速下较初始模型均明显降低,研究结果具有一定的工程实用价值。     

Design of underwater robot lines based on a hybrid automatic optimization strategy

In this paper, a hybrid automatic optimization strategy is proposed for the design of underwater robot lines. Isight is introduced as an integration platform. The construction of this platform is based on the user programming and several commercial software including UG6.0, GAMBIT2.4.6 and FLUENT12.0. An intelligent parameter optimization method, the particle swarm optimization, is incorporated into the platform. To verify the strategy proposed, a simulation is conducted on the underwater robot model 5470, which originates from the DTRC SUBOFF project. With the automatic optimization platform, the minimal resistance is taken as the optimization goal;the wet surface area as the constraint condition; the length of the fore-body, maximum body radius and after-body＇s minimum radius as the design variables. With the CFD calculation, the RANS equations and the standard turbulence model are used for direct numerical simulation. By analyses of the simulation results, it is concluded that the platform is of high efficiency and feasibility. Through the platform, a variety of schemes for the design of the lines are generated and the optimal solution is achieved. The combination of the intelligent optimization algorithm and the numerical simulation ensures a global optimal solution and improves the efficiency of the searching solutions.     

协同优化理论在多破损模式结构分析中的应用

探讨如何运用协同优化方法解决多破损模式下船舶结构设计的优化问题。在协同优化方法的基本理论框架下,研究多破损模式条件下的结构并行设计和优化,建立相应的优化模型。以多破损模式下的船体结构静力学优化为例,运用协同优化方法进行优化计算,获得较好的破损残余强度。算例表明,协同优化方法能有效地解决多破损模式下的结构优化问题。     

基于组合自动优化策略的水下机器人型线设计（英文）

In this paper, a hybrid automatic optimization strategy is proposed for the design of underwater robot lines. Isight is introduced as an integration platform. The construction of this platform is based on the user programming and several commercial software including UG6.0, GAMBIT2.4.6 and FLUENT12.0. An intelligent parameter optimization method, the particle swarm optimization, is incorporated into the platform. To verify the strategy proposed, a simulation is conducted on the underwater robot model 5470, which originates from the DTRC SUBOFF project. With the automatic optimization platform, the minimal resistance is taken as the optimization goal; the wet surface area as the constraint condition; the length of the fore-body, maximum body radius and after-body's minimum radius as the design variables. With the CFD calculation, the RANS equations and the standard turbulence model are used for direct numerical simulation. By analyses of the simulation results, it is concluded that the platform is of high efficiency and feasibility. Through the platform, a variety of schemes for the design of the lines are generated and the optimal solution is achieved. The combination of the intelligent optimization algorithm and the numerical simulation ensures a global optimal solution and improves the efficiency of the searching solutions.     

改进Sobol’方法在船型优化模型中的应用

针对船型优化中采用更多的优化变量有可能带来"维度灾难"的问题,通过灵敏度分析确定不重要的变量并降维来缓解该问题。介绍以往提出的改进Sobol’方法,利用该方法对某集装箱船兴波阻力优化模型进行灵敏度分析并降维。为减少分析的计算量,对该船型优化模型构建Kriging模型。对优化模型降维前后的优化过程、最优解及其波形和型线进行对比。结果表明:降维后优化模型收敛更快,最优解兴波阻力系数仅增大0.15%,采用改进Sobol’方法进行降维,能在保证最优解质量的同时,提高优化效率。     

空爆载荷作用下波形夹层板抗爆结构优化设计

为了提高空爆载荷作用下夹层板的抗爆能力，提升其在舰船和海工装备上的应用程度，本文提出了一种针对波形夹层板结构的优化方法，该方法以结构质量和在爆炸载荷作用下的结构应力、变形以及吸能作为评估标准，利用正交试验筛选出样本点，通过BP神经网络生成夹层板结构参数与评估标准间的响应面模型，用遗传算法对响应面模型进行多目标优化分析，得出全局最优解，形成一套夹层板的优化设计方案，这为夹层板抗爆结构优化设计提供了一种新的设计思路和优化方法。     

基于CFD技术对2800TEU船的线型优化

基于CFD技术对线型优化是目前业界比较流行的做法。本文依托于实船2800TEU船项目,探索基于NAPA和CFD软件的一体化优化(传统经验模式)和基于CAESES和CFD软件的一体化优化(先进数值评估模式)的有机结合,以船模阻力系数为目标函数,对线型优化。结果显示,航速达到优化目标要求。     

基于集成仿真的灯光渔船艏部型线优化

针对我国现有渔船标准化建设中遇到的船体型线优化难的问题,提出一种基于集成仿真优化技术的船体型线优化方法,并以一艘灯光渔船的兴波阻力性能优化为例,通过半参数化方法提取10个控制参数用于艏部型线的变换,兴波阻力采用势流理论方法进行评估,并采用Sobol算法与梯度搜索算法相结合的优化算法。基于上述的船体型线优化方法最终得到兴波阻力性能最优的船型,优化结果表明,文中提出的船体优化技术是有效的,有助于加快推进渔船船型的标准化建设。     

多学科设计优化:载人潜水器设计的一种新工具

多学科优化作为一种新的设计方法,已经成功地应用在很多领域,如飞机制造,太空船,汽车制造等.传统的载人潜水器设计并不是一种最优的设计方法,并且在载人潜水器的设计过程中所要涉及多种技术学科.将多学科优化方法引进载人潜水器的设计,从而可以实现真正的设计优化.本文介绍了多学科优化的基本理论和方法,整体构架,并介绍了探索设计空间的算法.在对多学科优化设计方法理解的基础上,提出了在载人潜水器设计中如何应用的初步考虑.     

Single- and multiobjective design optimization of a fast multihull ship: numerical and experimental results

Numerical optimization of the initial design of a fast catamaran (high-speed sealift research model B, HSSL-B) has been carried out through a simulation-based design (SBD) framework, based on an advanced free-surface unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) solver and a potential flow solver, and global optimization (GO) algorithms. The potential flow computational fluid dynamics (CFD) SBD was used to guide the more expensive URANS CFD SBD. The fluid-dynamic analysis of the flow past the catamaran proved that the use of the URANS solver was fundamental in dealing with the multihull interference problem. In the case investigated, the separation distance was small and the viscous flow quite distorted by the proximity of the hulls, so that only viscous solvers could correctly capture the flow details. Sinkage and trim effects, due to the high speed range and again to the small separation distance investigated, are also relevant. The initial HSSL-B geometry and three optimization problems, including single- and multiobjective optimization problems, proposed by designers from Bath Iron Works, were successfully optimized/solved, and finally an experimental campaign was carried out to validate the optimal design. A new verification and validation methodology for assessing uncertainties and errors in simulation-based optimization was used based on the trends, i.e., the differences between the numerically predicted improvement of the objective function and the actual improvement measured in a dedicated experimental campaign, including consideration of numerical and experimental uncertainties. Finally, the success of the optimization processes was confirmed by the experimental measurements, and trends for total resistance, sinkage, and trim between the original and optimal designs were numerically and experimentally verified and validated.     

船舶航线优化中任意浪向的航速损失预测模型（英文）

This paper proposes a semi-empirical model to predict a ship's speed loss at arbitrary wave heading.In the model,the formulas that estimate a ship's added resistance due to waves attacking from different heading angles have been further developed.A correction factor is proposed to consider the nonlinear effect due to large waves in power estimation.The formulas are developed and verified by model tests of 5 ships in regular waves with various heading angles.The full-scale measurements from three different types of ships,i.e.,a PCTC,a container ship,and a chemical tanker,are used to validate the proposed model for speed loss prediction in irregular waves.The effect of the improved model for speed loss prediction on a ship's voyage optimization is also investigated.The results indicate that a ship's voyage optimization solutions can be significantly affected by the prediction accuracy of speed loss caused by waves.     

基于改进型遗传算法的舰船舱室布局优化

从布局优化角度分析求解舰船舱室的布局问题,以生活区舱室为切入点,借鉴二维FLP问题的理论和方法,对舱室布局进行分析和模型简化,并进一步分析和构建优化的数学模型。在数学模型构建过程中,定义舱室序列变量、目标评价函数和布局约束。对基本遗传算法在编码方式、遗传算子和流程框架上均做出适应性改进,并用于优化和求解该数学模型,最终输出Pareto舱室序列解集。理论和实例分析表明,所提出的改进型遗传算法能有效解决生活区舱室的布局优化问题。     

Optimal management of human resources in transhipment container ports

Human resources allocation plays a key role in transhipment maritime container terminals to achieve high levels of productivity and provide high quality services to shipping companies. The deep interest of container terminals in this issue can be supported by optimization methods. In this work, an optimization model is proposed to determine the optimal daily allocation of crane operators and trailer drivers. Different requirements are taken into account for permanent staff, external workers and personnel shortfall. Since workforce undermanning is a crucial factor for both shipping companies and container terminals, we aim to show that personnel shortfalls and operation delays can be significantly reduced if the model encompasses a longer-than-1-day planning horizon in a rolling horizon fashion.     

基于罚函数的滑行艇阻力性能优化方法研究

滑行艇的阻力性能优化是设计滑行艇艇体的重要内容之一,如何减小艇体阻力是设计师优先考虑的目标。文章从传统的SIT阻力估算方法着手,分析滑行艇受到的力和力矩,并引入Savitsky对艇体阻力的修正,即考虑因喷溅而产生的摩擦阻力。由于滑行艇的重心纵向位置对阻力性能有很大影响,故通过构造罚函数法,把有约束问题化为无约束问题,利用MATLAB优化工具箱中的fm incon函数计算出最佳的重心纵向位置。最后,通过某滑行艇模型的水池拖曳试验验证了该优化方法的可行性,具有一定的工程参考价值。     

中低水头船闸人字门浮箱及背拉杆抗扭能力研究

浮箱和背拉杆是中低水头船闸人字门提高抗扭能力的有效措施,但是考虑二者共同预应力的研究工作较少。基于江苏某在建船闸人字门,建立人字门空间薄壁结构有限元模型,对比设置不同浮箱的人字门抗扭能力,提出了较为合理的浮箱设置方案。在此基础上,研究不同背拉杆布置方式下人字门的抗扭能力,提出一种背拉杆预应力的改进优化模型,使施加预应力后闸门的整体抗扭能力得到更大提高。研究结果表明：采用U形浮箱及预应力背拉杆进行人字门组合抗扭的方案,可有效提高闸门的整体抗扭能力。研究方法和研究成果可为中低水头船闸人字门的设计提供参考。     

船舶柴油机轴系合理校中自动搜索的研究

本文用求多目标函数线性规划方法，在船舶柴油机轴系合理校中时，对轴承的合理变位进行搜索。求出满足轴系校中各项要求的轴承合理变位可行值。文章采用主机输出端法兰上的剪力和弯矩为目标函数，建立了相应的求解这类问题的模型和判定搜索方向的依据，编制了轴系合理校中计算的自动搜索程序。在实船计算中得到了满意的结果。     

深海复合材料悬链线立管基于可靠度的优化设计

研究基于可靠度的方法,对深海复合材料悬链线立管进行优化设计分析。对于正交各向异性层合复合材料结构而言,叠层顺序不同、各层铺角变化以及层间厚度差异等都会影响到结构的承载能力,因此,有必要引进可靠度作为优化设计指标。首先,根据经典层合板理论计算整体模型的等效属性,建立悬链线立管整体分析模型,得到关键截面响应,以此作为局部分析模型的约束;然后,运用试验设计方法构建Kriging近似模型;最后,利用蒙特卡罗撒点方法对比分析确定性优化与可靠性优化的结果。研究表明：优化后的深海复合材料立管在满足应力强度设计的要求下可有效降低结构重量,所提出的基于可靠度的优化设计复合材料悬链线立管具有可行性。     

深远海设施人员应急撤离路径优化模型

针对深远海设施人员应急撤离路线优化问题,基于深水半潜式支持平台船体实际环境信息,考虑各可撤离路径的通行能力,引入拥挤度和撤离时间来计算人员路阻函数,构建人员撤离路径优化模型.以一个小型多源多汇拓扑网络的人员撤离方案为例,分别求解人员撤离路径优化模型和传统最短撤离路径模型,并对计算结果进行对比分析,验证人员撤离路径优化模型的有效性.     

船舶光伏逆变器LCL滤波电路结构设计与参数优化方法

本文针对光伏发电系统与柴油发电机组构成的混合动力船舶,研究其电力系统结构及光伏逆变器PQ控制策略；针对光伏逆变器中LCL滤波器固有的谐振尖峰、及传统滤波电容串电阻降低高频谐波抑制能力的问题,提出了网侧电感并联L-R的无源阻尼LCL电路结构,并通过所该电路结构数学模型进行了频率特性与谐波抑制能力研究,揭示了其优良的高频谐波抑制特性,并获得该电路结构的参数优化方法。仿真结果表明,所提出的电路结构及参数优化方法在大为降低谐振峰值的同时,提高了对高频谐波的抑制能力。所提出的电路结构及参数优化方法在船舶光伏逆变器的应用领域具有广泛应用前景。