基于组合自动优化策略的水下机器人型线设计（英文）

In this paper, a hybrid automatic optimization strategy is proposed for the design of underwater robot lines. Isight is introduced as an integration platform. The construction of this platform is based on the user programming and several commercial software including UG6.0, GAMBIT2.4.6 and FLUENT12.0. An intelligent parameter optimization method, the particle swarm optimization, is incorporated into the platform. To verify the strategy proposed, a simulation is conducted on the underwater robot model 5470, which originates from the DTRC SUBOFF project. With the automatic optimization platform, the minimal resistance is taken as the optimization goal; the wet surface area as the constraint condition; the length of the fore-body, maximum body radius and after-body's minimum radius as the design variables. With the CFD calculation, the RANS equations and the standard turbulence model are used for direct numerical simulation. By analyses of the simulation results, it is concluded that the platform is of high efficiency and feasibility. Through the platform, a variety of schemes for the design of the lines are generated and the optimal solution is achieved. The combination of the intelligent optimization algorithm and the numerical simulation ensures a global optimal solution and improves the efficiency of the searching solutions.     

Design of the lines of underwater vehicles based on collaborative optimization

A generalized collaborative optimization (CO) framework is proposed to the optimization design of the lines of an underwater vehicle. The resistance and maneuvering performances are concerned about and taken as the optimization objectives in the optimization framework. The resistance, lateral force and yaw moment are calculated by RANS method. To improve the optimization efficiency, an automatic integration optimization platform is constructed in which a surrogate model is adopted. A SUBOFF model is taken as the verification model. The optimal results demonstrate the validity of the optimization strategy proposed.     

基于代理模型的水下航行体头型优化设计方法研究

文章采用Kriging代理模型技术针对水下航行体头型优化设计开展研究。采用CFD方法分析了不同头型水下航行体的流体动力性能,将性能参数作为初始样本建立代理模型;根据测试样本点的预测均方误差选择加点策略更新代理模型,提高代理模型预测精度;采用非劣分类遗传算法对阻力和表面压力开展多目标优化,寻找近似最优解。结果表明:基于代理模型技术的水下航行体头型多目标优化设计方法可以有效提高设计效率,获得具有良好水动特性的航行体头型。     

改进的MODSA算法在船型优化中的应用

针对传统智能优化算法处理高维优化问题时易陷入局部最优解且优化效率低的问题,文章采用近几年提出的基于模型的动态抽样分配(MODSA)算法作为研究对象,该算法具有处理高维优化问题的潜力,但对某些复杂高维问题很难搜索到全局最优解。为避免MODSA算法陷入局部最优解,采用多元正态分布作为抽样分布并推导相应参数更新式;为进一步提升该算法的优化效率,采用均匀设计确定初始抽样分布的期望值并通过Sigma管理水平自适应确定初始方差。通过数值函数测试结果表明:改进的MODSA算法具有更好的优化性能。最后,将改进的MODSA算法应用于5100TEU集装箱船兴波阻力性能优化。     

基于三元可控速度矩法的水下航行体推进泵参数化设计方法

随着水下航行体对推进器高性能和低噪声要求与日俱增,迫切需要研究适用于水下航行体的推进泵.本文选出影响水下航行体推进泵水动力性能的主要参数,基于三元可控速度矩方法,编写Matlab程序对推进泵进行参数化设计,并结合CFD数值模拟方法进行设计优化与试验验证.CFD计算结果表明模型泵水力效率能达到83%,达到设计目标并准确把握了设计工况点,验证了本方法的可靠性,为开发高性能水下航行体推进泵奠定基础.     

挖掘机动臂焊接生产线物料配送方案设计仿真优化

以规划设计阶段的某型号挖掘机动臂焊接生产线为例，研究离散事件仿真平台Plant Simulation在挖掘机动臂焊接生产线物料配送方案设计中的应用。挖掘机动臂焊接生产线采用有轨制导车（Rail Guided Vehicle，RGV）作为输送单元。分析生产线的调度控制策略，按随机作业、行驶距离最短和等待时间最短设计3种RGV物料配送方案，并对方案进行建模仿真。分别以产量最大化和工位负荷均衡为目标，分析不同优化目标下的最优物料配送方案，优化后的年产量提高475个且各工位负荷均衡，可为企业智能化生产线物料配送方案的选择和建设提供理论依据和科学指导。     

水下潜器改进S面控制及控制系统仿真(英文)

S surface controllers have been proven to provide effective motion control for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). However, it is difficult to adjust their control parameters manually. Choosing the optimum parameters for the controller of a particular AUV is a significant challenge. To automate the process, a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm was proposed. It was based on immune theory, and used a nonlinear regression strategy for inertia weight to optimize AUV control parameters. A semi-physical simulation system for the AUV was developed as a platform to verify the proposed control method, and its structure was considered. The simulation results indicated that the semi-physical simulation platform was helpful, the optimization algorithm has good local and global searching abilities, and the method can be reliably used for an AUV.     

基于改进GA优化的水下机器人航向鲁棒控制

基于某型号水下机器人水平面线性化模型,针对水下机器人系统存在的多种不确定因素,工作环境复杂多变的问题,采用混合灵敏度法设计水下机器人航向鲁棒控制器。在设计中,通过罚函数小生境遗传适应度值作为桥梁建立起遗传寻优与混合灵敏度参数之间的关系,构成多目标优化问题寻优加权函数。实验结果表明,所用方法可在保证系统较强鲁棒性的同时,又能兼顾时域指标和混合灵敏度加权函数频域要求,获得综合性能指标最优的鲁棒控制器,控制效果较好。     

船舶小组立复杂结构智能焊接装备应用方案

为提升船舶企业焊接自动化率,研究面向机器人焊接的小组立三维结构模型处理、复杂结构机器人焊接仿真、复杂结构焊接工艺数据库等关键技术,以提高船舶部件的焊接效率和质量。明确船舶小组立复杂结构智能焊接装备应用方案:针对加工对象梳理焊接流程;利用软件建立工艺数据库以实现焊接数据处理;完成控制系统设计和总体结构优化。利用该方案构建的智能焊接装备在船厂得到应用。实践证明,该方案具有较强的可实施性。     

一种水下航行体控制系统分布式半实物仿真平台的构建

针对水下航行体控制系统半实物仿真平台要完成的功能日趋复杂的问题,提出了一种基于dSPACE和xPC的分布式半实物仿真平台,介绍了该平台的系统构架和软硬件实现;介绍了将dSPACE仿真机和xPC实时仿真机集成在同一个实时系统中的方法和要解决的问题,分析了该仿真平台的实时性;给出了1个水下航行体控制系统半实物仿真的应用实例。该平台将dSPACE和xPC集成在同1个分布式实时系统下,分布式的系统结构不仅在功能的实现和扩展方面非常方便,同时也利于实时注入式仿真、快速控制原型的实施。通过半实物仿真试验,该平台已经成功服务于某水下航行体控制系统的研制,证明了本文所提出方案的可行性。     

基于ANSYS的无缆潜航器力学性能分析研究

为了设计无缆潜航器,采用数值分析和机械制造相结合的方式,设计出一款新型无缆潜航器,在设计制造出潜航器的基础上,对该无缆潜航器进行力学性能分析研究,对其水下运动规律及特性进行了理论推导,采用数值分析的方法分别讨论机器人的结构力学特性和流体力学特性,并对机器人的应力应变强度参数进行仿真分析,讨论不同情况下机器人的属性参数,结合分析数据,对潜航器运行工况下的各项参数进行了稳定性分析,最后对以上所有参数进行总结归纳,文中所采用的方法可以用于机器人设计及优化。     

面向协同设计的船舶电缆智能化布置软件开发与应用

结合船厂电缆设计业务流程,以船舶电缆布置为研究对象,提出在SPD设计系统平台上开发船舶电缆智能化布置软件,分析电缆布置软件的架构和功能模块,研究电缆路径智能化生成的关键技术,建立船舶电缆智能化布置的数学模型及求解方法,并完成船舶电缆智能化布置软件的开发工作。以公司14500TEU集装箱船的机舱区域电缆智能化布置为例进行验证,验证结果表明,该软件平台能够实现船舶电缆智能化布置的工程化应用,使电缆设计过程中数据更加透明、管理更加方便,提高了电缆设计的效率。     

矢量推进混合型水下运载器的概念设计研究

文章介绍了一种基于矢量推进方式的新型水下运载器的概念设计,提出了使用光纤微电缆(FOMC)连接蓝牙浮标实现半无线通信并应用于水下运载器的理念,对运载器的本体设计和控制方式进行了阐述,另外还基于MATLAB对控制上位机进行了仿真。作为一种新型水下机器人,它可以通过半无线控制,轻便灵活,实现五个自由度的运动,能在半人工控制和半自主运动的模式下,实现水下悬停、定深运动并能灵活回转和爬升下潜等,成为一种兼具ROV和AUV优点的混合型水下半自主航行器。     

水下捕捞机器人的研究现状与发展

本文介绍了国内外水下机器人研究现状和研究技术。基于现有水下机器人的技术水平和水下捕捞的具体环境,讨论了水下捕捞机器人机、电、流体、智能识别等关键技术,并对比了各项技术之间的优缺点。展望了未来水下捕捞机器人的发展趋势。     

带缆水下机器人控制仿真模拟与水动力分析

本文以Fluent多重滑移网格技术对带缆水下机器人系统进行路径跟踪的仿真计算,将收放缆反馈控制与PID算法调节螺旋桨转速的双重控制策略应用于带缆水下机器人系统,并对带缆水下机器人系统升沉运动的控制误差、螺旋桨推力与转速之间的关系、缆绳系统的张力特性以及水下机器人的水动力响应做了分析。文中数值模拟结果表明,双重控制策略下,带缆水下机器人路径跟踪的控制运动较为精确,其升沉运动位移最大误差约为0.2 m;螺旋桨的转速与推力呈正相关性,转速越大,推力也越大;水下机器人沿预定轨迹运动过程中,缆绳系统张力呈现周期性震荡的变化规律,机器人主体受到的水动力荷载与多种因素相关。     

ROV在导管架检查中的应用与安全管理

海上石油平台安装后,需要定期对导管架水下检查,以确保人员和生命财产安全。ROV遥控潜水器类似于一种＂带缆的水下机器人＂。在超过空气潜水范围的水深处检查具有明显的安全、效率、成本优势。介绍了ROV的功能和优势,介绍了固定式平台之钢质导管架式平台特点。以某导管架为案例,详细介绍了ROV的操作步骤。并介绍了ROV作业中的风险...     

A new functional optimization method applied to the pitch distribution of a marine propeller

Based on Hilbert space theory, an infinite-dimensional optimization method to find the optimal pitch distribution of marine propellers was developed. Thereby, the three-dimensional effect of induced velocity could effectively be controlled in an optimal way; i.e., an investigation was carried out to learn whether the present method is applicable to the design of marine propellers, especially pitch distributions, by maximizing the propeller efficiency functional. In addition, with the help of Hilbert space theory, it was successfully shown that the optimization method developed has a unique mathematical solution. In this work, only the pitch distribution was optimized, while other parameters such as the camber and thickness of the trial propeller remained as in the original. With a numerical study, it is shown that the present optimization method gives an optimal pitch distribution, the open-water characteristic curve being superior to the original curve. Received: August 24, 2000 / Accepted: July 16, 2001     

最优设计及分配理论在舰船维修中的应用研究

通过基于多服务台有限源排队系统的理论,分析舰船维修工作中在满足一定的可靠性要求下的最优设计与最优分配问题,同时结合计算机技术,提出了求解的方法,最终通过举例确定其最优设计理论的准确性。     

水面舰船电磁兼容性数字化设计方法——舰船EMC辅助量化设计平台

随着对现代舰船作战能力需求的大幅提高,舰载电力电子设备配置方案日趋复杂,舰船隐身性、集成性与电磁兼容性(EMC)成为论证和设计的焦点,EMC论证和设计迫切需要向数字化、精确化和智能化方向发展。提出了舰船EMC数字化设计方法,定义并阐述了EMC顶层量化预设计概念和内涵,提出了设备EMC指标设计和预检验方法以及EMC设计流程,并对进行EMC辅助设计的数字化平台功能需求进行了分析。在此基础上,提出了"舰船EMC辅助量化设计平台"框架。该设计平台基于数字化预测的仿真系统,能在一个统一的平台上帮助论证和设计人员解决舰船EMC论证和设计中指标量化、方案优选和定量评价难题,将成为舰船实现EMC数字化论证和设计不可或缺的手段。     

水下船舶清洗技术综述（英文）

This paper presents a comprehensive review and analysis of ship hull cleaning technologies. Various cleaning methods and devices applied to dry-dock cleaning and underwater cleaning are introduced in detail, including rotary brushes, high-pressure and cavitation water jet technology, ultrasonic technology, and laser cleaning technology. The application of underwater robot technology in ship cleaning not only frees divers from engaging in heavy work but also creates safe and efficient industrial products. Damage to the underlying coating of the ship caused by the underwater cleaning operation can be minimized by optimizing the working process of the underwater cleaning robot. With regard to the adhesion technology mainly used in underwater robots, an overview of recent developments in permanent magnet and electromagnetic adhesion, negative pressure force adhesion, thrust force adhesion, and biologically inspired adhesion is provided. Through the analysis and comparison of current underwater robot products, this paper predicts that major changes in the application of artificial intelligence and multirobot cooperation, as well as optimization and combination of various technologies in underwater cleaning robots, could be expected to further lead to breakthroughs in developing next-generation robots for underwater cleaning.