周期支撑充液管路轴向振动特性分析

基于Timoshenko理论,采用传递矩阵法计算了充液周期结构管路和周期支撑管路轴向振动传递特性,分析了轴向波波数实部、虚部与轴向波传播特性之间的关系。计算表明,轴向周期结构管路与轴向周期支撑管路系统均存在振动带隙,且振动带隙范围与轴向波波数实部、虚部之间一一对应。还分析了单个晶胞长度与支撑刚度对轴向振动带隙的影响。研究结果可为管路系统的振动噪声控制提供有效的技术支撑。     

管壁不连续对管路中传播的弯曲波的隔离

采用梁弯曲振动的运动方程来求解管壁中传播的弯曲波,然后用传递矩阵的方法得出了弯曲波在通过管壁不连续段后的透射系数矩阵。利用边界条件,分析了管壁材料不连续段及其在管路中的布置情况对弯曲波透射系数的影响,并得出了如下结论:作为管路不连续段的铜管、铝管和挠性胶管都可以对管路中传播的弯曲波起到隔离作用,但它们也都有可能使振动放大。这与频率、边界条件和管路不连续段的布置密切相关;对极低频弯曲波的隔离是十分困难的,甚至是不可能的;管路不连续段的布置情况、管路边界条件(即支撑情况)和频率应当是管路隔振设计中需要特别注意的因素;挠性胶管在可以起隔离作用的条件下能够取得比铜管和铝管更低的透射系数和更大的位移补偿。     

基于欧拉梁理论的管路纵向波功率流简化模型误差分析

为分析基于欧拉梁理论的管路纵向波功率流简化模型的误差,首先基于壳体理论推导了充液管路纵向波功率流的精确模型,该模型解析和表述了管路材料、几何参数以及管内液体流速等因素与功率流之间的关系,通过与基于欧拉梁理论的功率流简化模型的对比即可得到简化模型的误差。理论分析与仿真结果表明：在低频区,基于欧拉梁理论的纵向波功率流模型误差近似为一恒定的常数,该常数与厚径比以及管路的材质有关,而管路半径以及管内流速对简化模型误差的影响可以忽略。     

基于四端参数法的管路支架隔振性能研究

管路支架是管道与船体之间振动能量交互传递的通道,从隔振的角度可以把它看成是一种特殊的隔振器。利用四端参数法建立管路支架隔振系统的振动传递力学模型,推导管路支架的力和位移的传递率。在此基础上,分析管路支架的刚度、阻尼、管道弹性以及基础弹性等因素对力传递率和位移传递率的影响,并通过仿真计算验证了理论求解的相关结论。分析结果表明,管路支架的刚度是影响其隔振性能的主要因素,同时管道和基础的弹性也会产生一定的影响。     

锥管中流动工作介质的声传递特性研究

锥管是船舶管路系统中的典型管件,对其声传递特性的研究是管路系统声学设计和分析的组成内容之一。文章考虑锥管截面积沿长度变化对平均流速的影响,推导了锥管的声传递矩阵;以无反射终端为条件,获得管路元件传递损失的理论公式。通过算例说明了流动马赫数和锥角大小对锥管声传递特性的影响。     

液压介质弹性模量在线测量

通过对液压管路中压力波传递速度的测量,推算液压介质的体积弹性模量,并对液压系统介质体积弹性模量进行了实际测量.论述了在油-气两相状态下,液压介质体积弹性模量变化的随机性.采用最新的非插入式测量方法,把压力测量夹具安装在管路的两处,检测压力波达到不同夹具的时间差,计算波速.该方法可以方便地测量液压油管各段的弹性模量,同时对管路没有任何破坏,影响小,测量准确.结果可为系统仿真、设备的选型与液压设备管理工作提供参考,并给设计人员提供依据.     

基于AM软件二次开发的船舶管系一体化设计

在现代船舶设计流程中,船舶管路设计主要分为初步设计、详细设计和生产设计等3个阶段,其中详细设计和生产设计是船舶管路设计中最重要的环节。基于对AM(Aveva Marine)软件的二次开发,对船舶管路系统详细设计阶段的二维原理图与生产设计阶段的三维模型之间的信息传递和空间转换进行研究。在船上的广泛区域内实现从“二维”到“三维”的信息传递和空间转换;在船舶设计过程中实现对船舶管路系统原理图和船舶管路系统设备信息的实时更新,并将其传递给三维模型。     

管路结构振动能量传递规律研究

为研究管路系统中振动能量的传递规律,建立了2根半无限长管道结构的纵弯耦合振动模型,基于波分析法,分别研究了2根管道在各类不同的连接边界条件下,弯曲波振动传递规律。引入无量纲系数,简化方程组,推导出弯曲波入射时在不同边界条件下的反射及透射系数。通过数值分析得到了弯曲波入射条件下,参数变化对振动能量传递规律的影响,研究结果表明两管连接刚度主要影响高频振动,两管夹角主要影响低频振动,扭转刚度会使振动能量曲线产生波谷,且当扭转刚度值较低时,对低频振动影响较大,计算结果对管路结构在不同工况下连接参数的选择具有指导作用。     

空调风管系统减振降噪技术

在船舶与海洋平台中,空调管路系统噪声是舱室噪声的主要来源之一,风机与管路元件流动噪声通过管路系统与管口传递至舱室,风机振动通过管路传递至甲板引起结构辐射噪声。本文开展空调通风系统噪声源及其传递路径分析,在掌握主要影响因素与规律的基础上开展消声布风器、微孔消声器与管路弹性吊架等减振降噪元器件的设计与仿真分析,取得了优于传统元件的降噪效果,为船舶空调管路系统及舱室噪声控制提供技术支撑。     

一种舰用管路振动传递控制的工程方法

对舰用管路振动传递的特点及原因进行了理论分析。针对舰艇管路的实际情况,提出并通过实验研究验证了合理选用支撑的刚性是控制舰用管路振动的一种有效方法,对工程实际应用具有一定的指导意义。     

数值波浪序列中的高频成分

可靠的波浪模拟方法对于海洋结构物水动力性能的评估而言至关重要。文章基于软件FLUENT,分别采用四种不同的网格模型,实现了对于规则波的模拟。文中采用VOF方法对自由液面进行捕捉,并采用动网格方法模拟摇板的运动从而实现造波。考虑到数值耗散及截断误差对数值模拟结果的影响,针对沿水池方向的波浪衰减情况进行了相关研究。为了避免造波板的初始运动所引起的波面扰动,引入了一种“缓入”方法使造波板缓慢地达到最大幅值的运动,有效地避免了初始扰动所带来的影响。数值模拟的结果分别与一阶和二阶理论解进行了对比。结果表明,该数值波浪模型能够给出可靠的预测,为下一步模拟强非线性波浪（如畸形波）奠定了基础。     

A new look at the external pressure capacity of sandwich pipes

Sandwich Pipes (SPs) have been developed to overcome the required flow assurance and pressure capacity issues in deep and ultra-deep waters. This research aims at studying the influence of certain structural parameters on the pressure capacity (also referred to as the plastic buckling pressure) of Sandwich pipelines. The use of high grade steel pipes, as the internal or external pipes, has also been considered as one of the design parameters in this study. Moreover, a comprehensive parametric study, considering a practical range of the parameters that influence the response of SPs (and considering 3840 SP configurations) was conducted. The results from this large array of pipes were used to formulate a practical equation, capable of estimating the plastic buckling pressure of SPs. The accuracy of the proposed equation was evaluated by comparing the results with the experimental and numerical results available in the literature. The comparative results demonstrated that the proposed equation could predict the buckling capacity of such pipes with a reasonable accuracy. Furthermore, the proposed equation was used, along with a general optimization procedure, to establish the most optimum and cost-effective combination of structural parameters for SPs suitable for use in various water depths.     

三维流体动力方法计算穿浪双体船的船体响应

穿浪双体船船型复杂,航速较高,要准确预报其波浪载荷比较困难,但同时对于结构设计而言又非常重要。基于线性势流理论,采用三维流体动力学方法在时域上计算了穿浪双体船的运动响应和波浪载荷,时域计算结果经过傅立叶变换,在频域上分析了其响应特征。通过与规则波中试验结果和数值计算结果进行比较分析,表明用该方法计算穿浪双体船的船体响应可以获得比较满意的结果,可应用于同类船舶的波浪载荷预报。     

航行于波浪中的肥大型船波浪增阻计算研究(英文)

Under the background of the energy saving and emission reduction, more and more attention has been placed on investigating the energy efficiency of ships. The added resistance has been noted for being crucial in predicting the decrease of speed on a ship operating at sea. Furthermore, it is also significant to investigate the added resistance for a ship functioning in short waves of large modern ships. The researcher presents an estimation formula for the calculation of an added resistance study in short waves derived from the reflection law. An improved method has been proposed to calculate the added resistance due to ship motions, which applies the radiated energy theory along with the strip method. This procedure is based on an extended integral equation (EIE) method, which was used for solving the hydrodynamic coefficients without effects of the irregular frequency. Next, a combined method was recommended for the estimation of added resistance for a ship in the whole wave length range. The comparison data with other experiments indicate the method presented in the paper provides satisfactory results for large blunt ship.     

考虑应变强化效应海底管道极限承载力研究

文章基于线性强化材料模型,推导了轴向拉力作用下海底管道极限弯矩承载力解析解,给出了海底管道在轴向拉力与弯矩载荷同时作用下的极限承载力的近似解,编制了海底管道极限承载力计算程序BCP。通过与实验结果的比对,验证了解析方法的正确性。结论表明考虑应变强化效应的海底管道极限承载力结算结果更为合理,该文可为海底管道的结构强度设计和安全性评价提供一定的参考依据。     

Dynamic behavior of conveying-fluid pipes with variable wall thickness through circumferential and axial directions

In addition to the traditional hollow circular sections used in marine structures, other hollow sections have attracted the attention of architects and design engineers due to their mechanical characteristics such as torsional rigidity and local strength against impact loading. The purpose of this study is to investigate dynamic response of pipes conveying fluid with variable wall thickness through both circumferential and axial directions. Pipes with variable wall thickness have different flexural rigidities about two different principal axes. This property allows these pipes to be oriented efficiently, meet various design requirements and resist the applied loads. The results of this investigation provide a better insight into the physics and dynamic behavior of non-circular pipes conveying fluid. Two different geometries are studied, (i) the pipe is assumed with a general non-circular cross section with variable wall thickness along the circumferential direction, (ii) both inner and outer boundaries of the pipe cross section are assumed to be circles whereas the wall thickness of the pipe along axial direction is varied with a specified function. The governing differential equations of the problem are derived using Timoshenko beam theory with the effect of shear deformation included in the formulation. The discretization of the problem domain is done using the finite element method. Consequently, a modal analysis is employed to calculate the critical flow velocities of the pipe with clamped-clamped end conditions. The effects of different cross sections on the critical flow velocity are investigated. The importance of Coriolis forces on the presence of coupled-mode flutter and re-stabilization point are also discussed for different values of mass ratio.     

Reliability analysis of ovalized deep-water pipelines with corrosion defects

The accurate assessment of the remaining strength of corroded pipes is a subject that has been increasingly investigated over the past decades. This is because of the risk of significant social, economic, and environmental effects that may be caused by an accident. The finite element method has been successfully used to predict the collapse pressure considering external load. It was also used in this study. The literature primarily focused on the corroded pipes subjected to internal pressure. In this study, the out-of-roundness (ovalization) of the pipe was considered to evaluate the collapse pressure. Uncertainties should be incorporated into a computational model to assess the reliability of corroded pipes. Three methods for evaluation of the probability of failure were used: the first-order reliability method (FORM), traditional Monte Carlo (MC), and a new proposed methodology that combines MC results with the kernel density estimation method (MCkde). The probability of failure of ovalized corroded pipes subject to external pressure was computed. The results exhibited a good agreement between FORM and MCkde method. The statistical importance of each random variable was observed and the results were compared with those from intact ovalized pipes. The computation cost of the MC method with numerical simulation limits its use to the application under study. Solutions using the FORM and MCkde methods exhibited good agreement with those of the full MC method. However, the computational effort of the latter was independent of the stochastic dimension, and it was a derivative-free method. As expected, in general, the solutions based on empirical methods were conservative.     

混凝土楼板埋设暖气管作法的改进

暖气管在楼面水平布管,现有工程普遍采用在楼板上后浇混凝土垫层边部留槽埋管的作法,这样多耗用了材料又增加了建筑自重。文章提出改为在混凝土楼板边部留浅槽的形式,将结构构件与建筑构造融为一体,使建筑形式更为简洁合理。同时应用AN SY S程序对该板的内力形态进行了分析,初步总结了内力计算公式,对其经济性与施工可行性进行分析探讨。     

基于一个二维修正水弹性方法的集装箱船体梁动态前极限强度评估研究

海上极端波因其巨大的波高常常导致船体的极限破坏。该文提出了一个二维的修正水弹性方法来研究一个集装箱船船体梁在极端波中的动态前极限强度。传统的极限强度评估基于准静态方法,没有动态效应被考虑。而船体在波浪下的动态结构响应是基于水弹性方法,传统的水弹性方法并不能计算船体梁的动态非线性强度。该二维修正的水弹性方法考虑时域波浪和非线性船体梁之间的耦合,将水弹性方法和Smith方法结合,用Smith方法计算船体梁的刚度,而其刚度与船体梁的强度和变形曲率有关。所以该时域的非线性刚度被用于修改水弹性方法里的常数项的结构梁刚度。几组极端波模型被用以产生船体梁的大变形和非线性动态垂向弯矩。文中分别采用修正水弹性方法和普通水弹性方法,通过改变四个重要的极端波参数如极端波最大波高、规则波的波高、波速和波长等来研究其对船体梁船中处的大变形转角和非线性垂向弯矩的影响,通过采用修正的水弹性方法计算得来的结果与水弹性方法计算得来的结果相比较,得到了一些差异和结论。