充液管路沿管壁传递的振动加速度测试方法研究

为了实现充液管路沿管壁传递的振动加速度的准确、快速测量,结合欧拉梁理论和壳体理论提出一种改进的测量方法,利用布置在同一截面的4个传感器,可同时测出沿管路传递的纵向波、扭转波以及分布在两个相互垂直平面内的弯曲波。通过对一系列具有不同管径的管路系统的试验验证,证实了本文所提方法的正确性。     

柔性隔振系统功率流传递特性研究

由于基础和隔振器存在着动力耦合,经典隔振理论的局限性日益突出,从而出现了将基础简化为欧拉梁、柔性板、圆柱壳等。本文将基础简化为两端固支弹性梁,运用四端参数法推导了单层柔性隔振系统传递功率流,并运用电力类比法对推导结果进行了验证。通过数值仿真,分析了偏心激励对功率流传递特性的影响,并将功率流与振级落差频谱曲线进行了比较。结果表明：偏心激励会激发系统的高阶模态,基础的刚性会影响振级落差对功率流的估计。     

损伤梁的振动功率流分析

从结构噪声的观点,对在集中力作用下的损伤梁进行了振动功率流研究,损伤部位模拟为转动弹簧,利用断裂力学的有关理论得到其转动刚度.分析了损伤梁的弯曲波运动以及振动功率流的输入和传播,结果表明振动功率流与损伤位置及其特征尺寸是相关联的,本研究为基于振动功率流方法的损伤诊断打下了理论基础.     

损伤梁的振动功率流分析

从结构噪声的观点,对在集中力作用下的损伤梁进行了振动功率流研究,损伤部位模拟为转动弹簧,利用断裂力学的有关理论得到其转动刚度。分析了损伤梁的弯曲波运动以及振动功率流的输入和传播,结果表明振动功率流与损伤位置及其特征尺寸是相关联的,本研究为基于振动功率流方法的损伤诊断打下了理论基础。     

损伤Timoshenko梁振动功率流特性

研究了损伤Timoshenko梁的振动功率流特性.用一局部转动弹簧来模拟梁中的损伤,利用断裂力学的有关理论得到局部弹簧的转动刚度.为了分析问题简便,讨论了一无限长Timoshenko梁在集中载荷作用下的弯曲波运动以及振动功率流的输入与传播,分析了振动功率流与损伤位置及其深度的关系,为Timoshenko梁的损伤识别提供了理论基础.     

邮轮管路系统两相流流动特性仿真分析

针对邮轮在极地航行时海水冷却管路系统发生冰堵的问题,基于颗粒动力学理论建立欧拉-欧拉双流体模型耦合相间传质模型,通过实验法和FLUENT数值仿真对比分析两相流流经水平圆管时入口流速和入口含冰率对两相流流态的影响。实验观测与仿真结果表明,海冰移动床的堆积是导致管路发生冰堵的主要因素;提高管道入口两相流速度有利于减弱冰晶颗粒在管道内部的非均匀分布状态,减少移动冰床的堆积;随着入口含冰率的增大,冰晶沿管道截面速度的不对称性分布随之减小,海冰速度场沿管道横截面呈现对称分布。     

管路-圆柱壳耦合振动功率流与声辐射特性研究

管路-内含铺板圆柱壳耦合结构是潜艇、鱼雷等水下航行器装备中的典型结构,为研究管路与圆柱壳结构耦合振动噪声传递的特性,论文采用阻抗综合法,利用耦合点处力与位移连续条件,建立管路-支撑-圆柱壳耦合结构振动计算模型。管路采用考虑流固耦合以及剪切变形的"十四方程"理论,从振动功率流传播视角研究管路系统向内含铺板圆柱壳振动传递的特性,并用边界元软件计算耦合结构远场辐射声功率。计算结果表明:充液管路各簇振动功率流分布与幅值随频率、管路支撑位置而变化,且管路系统输入功率流与耦合系统远场辐射声功率相关。研究结果可为管路系统从能量流角度进行振动控制提供参考。     

传感器安装偏差对功率流测试误差的影响分析

为分析传感器安装偏差对功率流测试误差的影响,将安装偏差分解为位置偏差和角度偏差两个部分,并分别基于互功率谱法和波分解法建立传感器安装偏差与功率流测试误差之间的数学模型。仿真分析结果表明：所建立的互功率谱法和波分解法功率流测试误差模型完全一致;位置偏差对功率流的影响由两个传感器位置偏差之差决定,角度偏差对功率流测试误差的影响与频率无关,但始终使得功率流向更小的方向变化,而总误差为两种安装偏差各自产生误差之积。     

淤泥质海岸波生沿岸流特性研究

淤泥质海岸波生流数值模拟缺乏有效验证数据和手段。为此,提出一种模型相互比对的验证方法,基于两种模型平台,引入三维波生流理论,经验证后开展地形坡度及波浪要素对于波生沿岸流的影响研究。研究结果表明:所建议的模型相互比对验证方法,可以有效弥补淤泥质海岸波生流实测资料匮乏的不足;淤泥质海岸波生沿岸流流速相对较小,但仍可达到潮流量级。随着岸滩坡度趋缓,波生流范围逐渐扩展,沿岸流流速相应变小;随着入射波高的增加,波生沿岸流的强度和影响范围逐渐增大;当波浪入射角度为45°时,波生沿岸流流速最大。     

基于CSR共同规范的船体梁极限强度分析

基于CSR共同规范编制船体梁极限强度的简化逐步破坏法计算程序,以12 000 DWT油船为工程实例,按共同规范的两种方法(简化逐步破坏法、有限元法),分析该船体梁的极限强度。研究表明,该油船极限强度校核应重点关注甲板部分结构;简化逐步破坏法可快速准确地计算船体梁的极限弯矩,相对较成熟;而非线性有限元法方面,共同规范需要在模型化技术方面进一步完善相关细节,就未破损船体梁极限强度计算而言,建议可在模型纵向尺度和横向构件建模方面做适当简化。     

A minimization theory in Hilbert space and its application to two-dimensional cavity flow with a numerical study

A minimization theory, which is based on the Hilbert space theory, is proposed and applied to two-dimensional cavity flow past a strut with the assumption of potential flow. That is, the minimization of the cavity drag of the strut on the cavity flow is studied with the help of the optimization theory proposed. To accelerate the optimization process, the Euler beam theory is introduced to generate a small variation in the strut. The introduction of the Euler beam theory makes the mathematical formulation for the present theory ill-conditioned. To overcome this condition, the Tikhonov regularization and the Morozov's discrepancy principle are used to regularize the present optimal theory. From the numerical study, it is shown that the proposed minimization theory is able to find an optimized shape for the given strut and corresponding optimized cavity drag. Received: June 22, 2000 / Accepted: January 30, 2001     

Effects of longitudinal fins on dynamic stability of pipes conveying fluid made of functionally graded material

Dynamic behavior and instability of clamped-clamped pipes conveying fluid with longitudinal fins are studied in this paper. The analysis is done for pipes made of both homogeneous and functionally graded materials (FGM). In the FGM case, the materials of pipe and fins are assumed to be graded through the radial direction based on a power-law distribution. The Hamiltonian principle and Euler-Bernoulli beam assumptions are employed to derive the governing differential equations of the pipe system. Different fin configurations are investigated and the effects of several parameters including power‐law index, fluid velocity, number of fins, thickness and height of the fins are analyzed. Natural frequencies of the pipe and critical flow velocities are determined for various values of parameters. Numerical results show that the stability of the system is significantly affected by the power‐law index and fin dimensions. Among different fin configurations studied in this paper, the addition of non-horizontal fins provides significant improvement in the stability of both homogeneous and FGM pipes conveying fluid and consequently, can be considered as an effective “dynamic stabilizer” for the pipe system. In contrast to non-horizontal fins, the horizontal fins improve the stability of pipes conveying fluid, slightly.     

周期支撑管路横向振动波传播特性分析

管道系统在船舶行业中应用广泛,其振动及声辐射特性一直以来都是研究的热点.基于Timoshenko梁理论,本文首先利用传递矩阵法计算了单根充液管道的横向振动响应,并通过有限元计算和实验对比验证了计算方法.在此基础上,对管道系统的传递矩阵取特征值得到波传播参数,从而进一步分析了周期支撑的充液管道系统的振动波传递特性.由本文的计算结果可见,基于Timoshenko梁理论的横向振动响应比基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论的结果更为精准,尤其是在较高频域内.此外,弹性支撑的刚度和间距会影响波阻和波传播带.本文工作将为周期支撑管系的减振提供一定的技术参考.     

加筋薄板简化方式对船体总振动影响的研究

以单向加筋板为主要研究对象，结合正交异性板理论和等效板厚理论提出了适用于振动分析的等效厚度正交异性板简化方法，并与常用的简化方法进行了比较。推导了3种简化方法下的加筋板固有频率的解析公式，并计算了四边简支单向加筋板固有频率。结果表明：本文提出的简化方法在求取单向加筋板低阶固有频率时计算结果与有限元结果前五阶误差在15%以内。文中应用该简化方法计算了一船体梁的固有频率，通过对船体梁甲板的加强筋结构进行简化，将模型总单元数降至原模型的27.6%，采用本文方法计算得到的船体梁垂向前三阶和扭转一阶振动频率优于传统的正交异性板简化方法，较原模型偏差在2.2%以内。说明等效厚度正交异性板简化方法在特定工程领域是可用的，且此法相较之前的方法有一定程度的改进，对相关研究和工程计算具有一定参考价值。     

Choked flow in water/CO2 solutions on air-independent propulsion systems

We develop a simplified model of choked flow in pipes for CO₂-water solutions as an important step in the modelling of a whole hydraulic system with the intention of eliminating the carbon dioxide generated in air-independent submarine propulsion. The model is based on an approximate fitting of the homogeneous isentropic solution upstream of a valve (or any other area restriction), for given fluid conditions at the entrance. The relative maximum choking back-pressure is computed as a function of area restriction ratio. Although the procedure is generic for gas solutions, numeric values for the non-dimensional parameters in the analysis are developed only for choking in the case of carbon dioxide solutions up to the pure-water limit.     

联排桩结构在航道高边坡直立式驳岸上的应用

针对岩层埋藏较浅的高边坡支挡结构,基于荷载结构法,根据弹性地基梁理论对模型进行合理的简化,将阻滑桩基由分布式结构优化为联排桩结构,充分发挥入岩段联排桩的固端作用,减小单桩的内力和变形,同时减少对周边建筑物的干扰,降低入岩桩基施工难度。     

Nonlinear Euler–Bernoulli beam kinematics in progressive collapse analysis based on the Smith's approach

Within the scope of this article a nonlinear kinematics of the two-dimensional, non-shear-deformable and extensible Euler–Bernoulli beam imposed with the planar flexure and/or lengthening/shortening is considered. The complete and exact formulations of the pertinent kinematic response quantities (displacements, curvature and strain) are derived and discussed. Special emphasis is given to the case of the symmetric bending devoid of the external longitudinal force action, since it represents an appropriate idealization of the realistic load cases for the most of the ship and aircraft structures. The relationship between proposed and conventional formulations, i.e. those commonly accepted in the current structural engineering practice and employed by the current progressive collapse analysis methods based on Smith's approach, is discussed throughout the article and illustratively exemplified through the case of the pure symmetric bending of the Euler–Bernoulli cantilever. Finally, implications of the derived formulations pertinent to the progressive collapse analysis methods based on the Smith's approach are discussed.     

基于人因工程理论的潜艇动力舱布置量化评价方法研究

应用人因工程理论,建立基于艇员人工操作失误的失误树。以该失误树为模型,通过潜艇典型动力舱室显控台人机工效设计分析,研究该显控台存在操纵面板布置和界面设置等技术缺陷,最终建立一套基于艇员人工操作失误的动力显控台人机工效量化评价方法。