全航速三维线性波浪载荷时域内数值计算研究

高速船舶波浪诱导载荷存在航速效应,波浪诱导船体垂向弯矩随航速增加而增加.针对某集装箱船采用三维时域全航速水动力分析理论预报集装箱船在波浪上的运动性能和剖面载荷,深入分析船体运动性能和剖面载荷的航速效应,得到船体纵荡、横荡,横摇和首摇以及船体扭转波浪弯矩航速效应显著,为船舶结构设计人员在波浪载荷的计算上有一定的参考.     

30万吨级FPSO波浪诱导载荷研究

应用三维势流理论,以挪威船级社(DNV)的SESAM程序系统作为主要工具,分析研究了一条在西非海域作业的30万吨级浮式生产储油轮(FPSO)的水动力特性,包括船体运动与波浪诱导载荷的规律,给出了该轮主要截面上波浪诱导载荷的长期预报计算结果.     

Investigation of Sloshing and its Effects on Global Responses of a Large LNG Carrier by Experimental Method

液舱中液体晃荡不仅对液舱结构产生内载荷作用,同时也通过与船体运动的耦合对LNG船的波浪载荷产生影响.文章通过某大型LNG船自航模型在波浪中的带液舱运动和波浪载荷试验,研究液舱中液体晃荡特性及其对总体波浪载荷的影响.同时对液舱有水(30%H)状态下的液舱中液体运动周期进行了试验研究,结果发现:在相同排水量和重量分布下,液舱中液体的存在对船体梁垂向振动频率和船体横摇周期都有影响;液舱中液体的运动周期不仅与液舱本身的形状和液面高度有关,还与船模航行时遭遇的浪向以及航速有关;虽然船舶浪向和航速是液舱内液体晃荡对总体波浪载荷产生影响的敏感参数,但总体影响不显著.     

航速对大型半潜船波浪载荷影响研究

基于三维势流理论,采用考虑航速的波浪载荷预报方法,对一艘10万t级半潜运输船在0航速及设计航速下的船体梁波浪弯矩及波浪剪力进行预报,结果表明,设计航速下船体波浪弯矩极值较0航速时增加约9%,波浪剪力极值增加约18%。为10万吨级大型半潜船设计提供参考。     

THAFTS在大型散货船水弹性响应中的应用

随着船舶主尺度的增加,在进行船舶运动与波浪载荷分析时,为了考虑船体弹性变形与流体运动的相互作用,有必要采用水弹性分析方法。采用中国船舶科学研究中心开发的三维水弹性软件THAFTS对大型散货船的水弹性响应进行研究。首先,采用有限元方法分析了船体在真空中的固有频率和振型;然后基于模态叠加原理,计算了船体在波浪中的运动和水弹性响应,并讨论了航速对波浪载荷的影响;最后探讨了波激振动对船体结构疲劳损伤的影响,所得结论对于大型船舶的结构设计具有重要的参考价值。     

考虑液舱内部水动力的FPSO波浪载荷研究

为研究液舱内液货自由面水动力效应对船体波浪载荷及船体运动的影响,基于一艘15万吨FPSO,选取液货舱原始布置形式下两种典型装载工况以及一组具有不同长度中部半载液舱的FPSO液舱分布模型,分别采用准静态方法和全动态方法对船体波浪载荷及运动进行计算。结果表明,使用准静态方法进行波浪载荷预报具有工程可靠性,中部半载液舱长度对船体波浪载荷及运动有一定影响。     

基于三维势流理论的耐波性数值预报

准确预报船体运动响应对于砰击等波浪载荷的计算以及合理结构设计具有重要意义。船舶在大幅波浪中的运动呈明显的非线性,而现阶段耐波性预报多采用线性切片方法。三维水动力分析软件WASIM基于时域势流理论,采用Rankine面元法预报船舶在波浪中的运动响应,并考虑了多种非线性因素。本文以标模DTMB5512为对象,采用WASIM预报其在不同航速下的耐波性,并与基于线性切片理论的计算结果和模型试验结果进行对比。结果表明:利用WASIM计算得到的船体运动响应比其他方法更接近试验值,合理体现了船舶在风浪中的实际耐波性能。因此,利用WASIM能够较好地评估船舶在波浪中的非线性耐波特性。     

基于三维势流理论的耐波性数值预报

准确预报船体运动响应对于砰击等波浪载荷的计算以及合理结构设计具有重要意义。船舶在大幅波浪中的运动呈明显的非线性,而现阶段耐波性预报多采用线性切片方法。三维水动力分析软件 WASIM基于时域势流理论,采用 Rankine面元法预报船舶在波浪中的运动响应,并考虑了多种非线性因素。本文以标模 DTMB5512为对象,采用 WASIM预报其在不同航速下的耐波性,并与基于线性切片理论的计算结果和模型试验结果进行对比。结果表明：利用 WASIM计算得到的船体运动响应比其他方法更接近试验值,合理体现了船舶在风浪中的实际耐波性能。因此,利用 WASIM能够较好地评估船舶在波浪中的非线性耐波特性。     

基于全时域势流理论的船舶与液舱晃荡耦合运动的数值计算

基于三维线性有航速时域势流理论计算船体时域运动外域波浪力,同时采用三维全非线性时域势流理论来计算舱内液体的非线性晃荡所诱导力与力矩,进而建立了波浪中载液船舶耦合运动方程。该方法能够完整地考虑波浪、船体和液舱晃荡之间的实时耦合作用。研究结果表明:通过模型实验和数值模拟计算的对比,数值模拟计算能够清晰显现出液舱晃荡对船体全局运动影响,无航速船体运动RAO与模型实验结果吻合良好,有航速运动计算合乎预期。     

大开口型船舶波浪诱导载荷研究

通过对某５万ｔ级大开口型船舶的各种波浪诱导载荷长期预报，详细讨论了不同波浪散布图、装载工况、航速、水动力计算理论和短峰波对波浪诱导载荷长期预报极值的影响，指出了一些值得注意的问题，以期对类似船型的液体波浪诱导载荷预报提供有用的参考。     

3-D computational method of wave loads on turret moored FPSO tankers

A three-dimensional method of calculating wave loads of turret moored FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading) tankers is presented. The linearized restoring forces acting on the ship hull by the mooring system are calculated according to the catenary theory, which are expressed as the function of linear stiffness coefficients and the displacements of the upper ends of mooring chains. The hydrodynamic coefficients of the ship are calculated by the three-dimensional potential flow theory of the linear hydrodynamic problem for ships with a low forward speed. The equations of ship motions are established with the effect of the restoring forces from the mooring system included as linear stiffness coefficients. The equations of motions are solved in frequency domain, and the responses of wave-induced motions and loads on the ship can be obtained. A computer program based on this method has been developed, and some calculation examples are illustrated. Analysis results show that the method can give satisfying prediction of wave loads.     

基于设计波的载重3600t干货船结构强度直接计算分析

为准确评估超规范的载重3600t大通舱干货船的弯扭强度及变形水平,采取全船水动力分析及全船有限元直接计算的方法,对各工况下的主要载荷参数进行长期预报,推导出对应等效设计波各参数。根据等效设计波求出各工况全船所受的波浪诱导动载荷,施加到全船有限元模型上,进而对船体弯扭强度及变形水平进行评估。比较了单舱船及货舱中部设一道横舱壁的两舱船,得出单舱船屈曲强度不足的结论,并提出改善屈曲强度的方案。     

扁平船舶波浪载荷预报研究

针对宽深比比较大的扁平船,研究了船舶波浪载荷长短期预报的直接计算方法。基于三维频域线性水动力理论,通过分析得出波浪载荷的响应幅算子,采用谱分析法对波浪载荷进行长短期期预报。以某试验船为例进行了计算并将结果与规范值进行了比较。得到的结论对扁平船船体强度的评估研究提供了重要参考,也为其他相关方面的研究提供了一定的借鉴价值。     

Dynamics of ships running aground

A comprehensive dynamic model is presented for analysis of the transient loads and responses of the hull girder of ships running aground on relatively plane sand, gravel, or rock sea bottoms. Depending on the seabed soil characteristics and the geometry of the ship bow, the bow will plow into the seabed to some extent. The soil forces are determined by a mathematical model based on a theory for frictional soils in rupture and dynamic equilibrium of the fluid phase in the saturated soil. The hydrodynamic pressure forces acting on the decelerated ship hull are determined by taking into account the effect of shallow water. Hydrodynamic memory effects on the transient hull motions are modeled by application of an impulse response technique. The ship hull is modeled as an elastic beam to determine the structural response in the form of flexural and longitudinal stress waves caused by the transient ground reaction and hydrodynamic forces. A number of numerical analysis results are presented for a VLCC running aground. The results include bow trajectory in the seabed, time variation of the grounding force, and the maximum values of the sectional shear forces and bending moments in the hull girder.     

Research on shafting alignment considering ship hull deformations

Ship hull deformation is one of the most significant influences on propulsion shafting alignment. Based on the calculation fundamentals of ship hull deformations, a new method of shafting alignment considering ship hull deformations is proposed in this paper. Ship loadings, wave loads and environment temperature differences in some extreme conditions, as well as elastic constraints, are simulated and applied to the finite element model of 76,000 DWT product oil tanker, so that ship hull deformations can be solved. Then, the deformations of the double bottom are converted to bearing offsets, which behave as boundary constraints for shafting alignment calculations. Taking the condition of light ship in calm water as a reference, the impact of hull deformations on shafting alignment is analyzed and optimized shafting alignment considering ship hull deformations is realized.     

Numerical calculations of propeller shaft loads on azimuth propulsors in oblique inflow

This paper evaluates various computational methods used to compute propeller performance, hydrodynamic side force and bending moment applied to an azimuth propulsor propeller shaft in oblique inflow. The two non-viscous models used are the BEM method and the blade element momentum theory (BEMT). RANS calculations are used to compute the loads on the propeller and the nominal wake velocity from the thruster body to be used in the BEMT model. The effect of the ship hull is also considered in the calculation by implementing the measured nominal wake of a ship hull at different propeller azimuthal positions. All the models are compared and validated against the experimental results, and the discussions are presented.     

基于RANS法的船舶阻力及自由运动预报

文章介绍了基于RANS法求解船舶自由运动水动力性能的方法。通过对流域设计、网格划分方法、运动求解法及湍流模型的选择等进行完整的讨论与分析,提出了一套求解船舶自由运动的RANS方法。以低速船(KCS型船模)及高速船(Fridsma滑行艇)为计算对象,计算结果验证了RANS法在预报船舶自由航行时水动力性能的实用性。     

碰撞事故时超大型浮体模块连接处荷载特性研究

精确评估模块连接处荷载特性对超大型浮体的水动力设计及结构安全性研究具有重要的工程意义。文章以5模块半潜式超大型浮体为研究对象,考虑碰撞荷载和风、浪、流环境荷载的联合作用并采用AQWA软件对超大型浮体模块连接点处的受力特性开展了数值计算。船舶碰撞荷载简化为矩形脉冲,采用定常风、定常流以及JONSWAP波谱,探讨了船舶碰撞角度、撞击位置、环境荷载等因素对模块连接点受力特性的影响。该文的研究成果可为事故荷载作用时超大型浮体连接器结构设计和强度计算提供一定依据。     

Practical estimation methods of the design loads for primary structural members of tankers

Various design loads used in the strength evaluation of ship structures have been introduced currently by classification societies. As most of these design loads have been determined as the standard loads for the sake of convenience, the relationships between the design loads and the sea states actually encountered by ships seem to be weak. Accordingly, it may be difficult to refer and utilize them as the fundamental design concepts for ship designers or the operational guidelines for ship operators. To overcome these difficulties, the authors have developed practical estimation methods of the design loads having transparent and consistent backgrounds to the actual loads acting on primary structural members of tankers. In this paper, the design sea states that closely resemble the actual sea states which are considered as the most severe for hull structures are firstly proposed. Secondly, the practical estimation methods of the design sea states are proposed by parametric studies using the results of series calculation of representative tankers. Thirdly, the practical estimation methods of design regular waves resulting in the same level of stresses with that induced in irregular waves under the design sea states are proposed. Finally, the practical estimation methods of the design loads such as ship motions, accelerations, hull girder bending moments and hydrodynamic pressures that are induced under design regular waves are proposed.