真空联合堆载预压加固海相软基的环境效应研究

针对真空堆载联合预压技术加固海相软土地基理论研究落后于工程实践的问题,结合现场监测数据,对真空联合堆载预压加固海相软土路基过程的地表沉降、环境效应随时间的变化规律进行分析。结果表明:真空联合堆载预压能加快地基沉降的速率,缩短施工工期;抽真空时,土体内向变形主要发生在地表下2 m范围内;堆载时,加固土体更易向加固区外软土区域产生侧向挤出变形,水平土体环境影响范围超过8 m。     

不同加载方式下真空加固吹填软土的现场试验与数值模拟*

吹填软土在真空负压作用下发生排水固结时,其强度和变形特性与真空负压的加载方式关系密切。首先对吹填软土进行了真空预压现场加固试验,通过对地表沉降、真空度跟踪监测,研究并比较不同负压加载方式下地基沉降规律及加固效果;然后采用FLAC3D建立三维弹塑性数值模型,对软土地基采用不同加载方式进行数值模拟,并与现场试验的实测数据进行对比,深入探讨加载方式对软土地基固结影响的细观机理。研究结果表明：采用真空预压法加固吹填软土地基时,慢速加载方式比瞬时加载方式更有利于土体的加固,建议在实际工程中采用分级加载方式施加真空荷载。     

真空预压机理模拟装置

真空预压技术已广泛应用于软土地基的加固，但目前所提出的加固机理缺乏直观性，难以令人信服和认同，特别是关于影响深度这一困惑工程界多年的疑问，尚未得到令人满意的回答。文章介绍了研制的一套真空预压机理的演示模型装置，该装置可以直观演示真空预压过程中孔隙水与地基土骨架应力的相互转换和传递过程，可以解释和解决真空预压的影响深度问题，试验结果和相关分析有力地证明真空预压的有效加固深度大于10m。     

真空联合堆载预压处理火山灰沉积软土加固效果研究

为研究真空联合堆载预压对火山灰沉积结构性软土的加固效果,选取印度尼西亚爪哇岛典型结构性软土,进行真空联合堆载预压处理时的地表沉降、地下水位等监测分析,对真空联合堆载预压处理火山灰沉积结构性软土加固效果进行分析。研究发现,真空联合堆载预压下土体沉降变形明显,效果显著,地表最终沉降量达4m左右,卸载时沉降速率为0～0.5mm/d,满足工后沉降的要求,说明真空联合堆载预压对火山灰沉积结构性软土的加固效果显著。另外经过加固处理后,火山灰沉积结构性软土的孔隙比、压缩系数和渗透系数等物理力学指标均有较大的改善,能够满足工程需求。     

真空-堆载加固胶州湾软基现场试验研究

结合现场监测数据,对真空-堆载联合预压加固软基过程的地表沉降、孔隙水压力、水平位移和地下水水位随时间的变化规律进行分析。分析表明：真空联合堆载预压能加快地基沉降的速率,缩短施工工期;真空联合堆载预压对浅层土孔压变化影响明显,而对深土层孔压变化较为缓慢;抽真空开始后土体水平位移方向是指向加固区内的,而堆载预压阶段是指向加固区外的;真空联合堆载预压减少地基的水平变形,提高了地基的稳定性。     

水气分离式真空预压技术在地基处理中的应用

针对常规真空预压技术存在的问题,通过在广州龙穴岛地区进行现场试验,采用水气分离式真空预压新型技术对场地软土层进行地基加固处理。根据地基加固前后的监测及检测数据,从膜下真空度、地表沉降、孔隙水压力、十字板剪切试验、静力触探试验、耗电量等方面进行研究,分析地基处理效果,进一步验证了水气分离式真空预压新技术在软基处理中具有良好的地基加固效果及经济价值,应用前景较好。     

真空预压法处理滨海软土加固效果分析

结合工程实例分析了真空预压加固软土地基的机理和加固效果,由现场检测真空度、地下水位和室内试验数据分析了真空预压法的有效加固深度,通过室内试验对加固前后地基土体工程性质的变化做了定量分析。     

真空预压与真空井点降水用于软土处理的机理差异

真空预压与真空井点降水两种工艺均可用于软土地基处理,表观上两者都是通过抽真空使土体内孔隙水排出并使软土沉降,但目前对两者的工艺和机理等关键差异的认识不深入,难以有效指导现场施工。真空预压和真空井点降水在抽真空设备、竖向排水通道和密封边界等设备与工艺方面有显著差异;两者的的排水机理也有着本质区别。真空预压的加固机理是负压作用下土体发生塑料排水板水平向排水固结,同时塑料排水板内的水向上流动与重力无关;真空井点降水的加固机理是群井抽水引起地下水位降低,土体的浮重度变为湿重度导致荷载增大使土体沉降,同时井点管内的水向上流动受重力影响。在工艺和机理的差异分析的基础上,进一步明确了真空预压和真空井点降水在10个关键方面的差异,包括加固机理、影响深度、不同深度的真空传播、土体水平变形、竖向排水与重力的关系、抽真空位置影响、与外界是否连通、影响区成因、地下水位变化、是否形成非饱和带。     

真空预压软基处理工程监测

介绍真空预压软基处理工程中一些常用的监测手段及监测方法.结合工程实例,通过综合运用表层沉降监测、孔隙水压力监测、分层沉降监测、地下水位观测等手段,分析真空预压软土地基处理方法的加固效果,可供软土地基处理设计与施工参考.     

浅谈地表水倒灌对真空预压加固软土地基的影响

结合黄骅港综合港区起步工程W3-W5后方地基处理真空预压加固区的海水倒灌事故,试验分析了地表水倒灌对真空预压加固软土地基的影响。试验证明,地表水倒灌对真空预压加固软土地基的主要影响发生在表层。     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

Catalyzing Coastal Management in Kenya and Zanzibar: Building Capacity and Commitment

Site-based projects were initiated in Chawka Bay-Paje, Zanzibar, and Nyali-Bamburi-Shanzu, Kenya, to demonstrate the benefits of an integrated coastal management (ICM) approach for addressing coastal issues such as tourism development and enhancement of resource-dependent village economies in eastern Africa. A two-year, multidonor project used three primary strategies to make rapid, but sustainable, progress toward ICM. These included using interagency government teams for ICM planning, adopting an internationally recognized framework for ICM as a project ''road map,'' and explicitly incorporating capacity-building strategies into all aspects of the project. Within two years, integrated ICM action strategies, prepared through participatory processes, were being implemented at both sites, and both teams were working to expand the scale and scope of ICM in their nation. More importantly, the project helped create committed, capable, interagency groups that continue to work together to address urgent ICM issues.     

A simplified method for reliability- and integrity-based design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems

This paper presents a simplified method for the reliability- and the integrity-based optimal design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems. The design of structural systems is transitioning from the conventional methods, which are based on factors of safety, to more advanced methods, which require calculation of the failure probability of the designed system for each project. Using factors of safety to account for the uncertainties in the capacity (strength) or demands can lead to systems with different reliabilities. This is because the number and arrangement of components in each system and the correlation of their responses could be different, which could affect the system reliability. The generic factors of safety that are specified at the component level do not account for such differences. Still, using factors of safety, as a measure of system safety, is preferred by many engineers because of the simplicity in their application. The aim of this paper is to provide a simplified method for design of engineering systems that directly involves the system annual failure probability as a measure of system safety, concerning system strength limit state. In this method, using results of conventional deterministic analysis, the optimality factors for an integrity-based optimal design are used instead of generic safety factors to assure the system safety. The optimality factors, which estimate the necessary change in average component capacities, are computed especially for each component and a target system annual probability of system failure using regression models that estimate the effect of short and long term extreme events on structural response. Because in practice, it is convenient to use the return period as a measure to quantify the likelihood of extreme events, the regression model in this paper is a relationship between the component demands and the annual probability density function corresponding to every return period. This method accounts for the uncertainties in the environmental loads and structural capacities, and identifies the target mean capacity of each component for maximizing its integrity and meeting the reliability requirement. In addition, because various failure modes in a structural system can lead to different consequences (including damage costs), a method is introduced to compute optimality factors for designated failure modes. By calculating the probability of system failure, this method can be used for risk-based decision-making that considers the failure costs and consequences. The proposed method can also be used on existing structures to identify the riskiest components as part of inspection and improvement planning. The proposed method is discussed and illustrated considering offshore mooring systems. However, the method is general and applicable also to other engineering systems. In the case study of this paper, the method is first used to quantify the reliability of a mooring system, then this design is revised to meet the DNV recommended annual probability of failure and for maximizing system integrity as well as for a designated failure mode in which the anchor chains are the first components to fail in the system.     

含裂纹钢板复合材料修补强度和刚度数值分析

用ANSYS有限元分析软件对复合材料补片修复含边裂纹和中心裂纹钢板的强度和刚度进行了数值分析.引入相对刚度的概念,研究了钻有止裂孔裂纹的长度对损伤钢板相对刚度的影响,分析了损伤钢板刚度复合材料贴片修补效果;引入屈服载荷提高率的概念,分析了损伤钢板强度的修复效果.     

舰艇反鱼雷技术

对目前舰艇反鱼雷技术中的非杀伤、软杀伤和硬杀伤等比较先进的手段进行了阐述,并在此基础上分析研究了舰艇反鱼雷技术的发展趋势。     

混凝土道路、堆场面层裂缝的产生与防治

从混凝土道路、堆场的各个结构层分析裂缝产生的原因,并针对性地说明预防措施,阐述裂缝维修方法。     

利比亚米苏拉塔市萨瓦瓦区5000套住宅项目中心区设计

从确定符合项目实际情况的设计原则入手,通过利比亚米苏拉塔市萨瓦瓦住宅区中心区总体布局和建筑设计两个方面的设计实践,探讨了"传统、现代与文脉"这一当今时代无法回避的文化议题。并且针对具有鲜明文化、宗教和气候特征的建筑设计的特点、方法与风格进行了总结,为今后的实践提供借鉴。     

Community-Based Management for Sustainable Fisheries Resources in Phang-nga Bay,Thailand

Fishing communities, the Government of Thailand Department of Fisheries, local nongovermnental organizations, universities, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and FAO's Bay of Bengal Program have undertaken a partnership in management of Phang-nga Bay's coastal resources. It is the first project of its kind in Thailand, and although still in the early stages, offers insights that may contribute to our knowledge of how we can improve our management of coastal resources, including the importance of (1) building relationships within the governance process; (2) combining education, enforcement, and economic incentives to achieve compliance; (3) implementing solutions early; and (4) government support of community-based decisions. These insights reinforce trends emerging in other coastal management projects in the Asian region.