半潜式钻井服务支持平台随机风载荷特性研究（英文）

风载荷是海洋平台设计载荷之一,直接关系到平台稳性,确定平台在不同工况下的风荷载对于平台安全设计具有重要的工程意义。该文基于Fluent软件结合自编UDF程序,考虑Davenport、NPD以及API三种典型风谱的影响,利用简谐波叠加法将风谱由频域转换为时域内的随机脉动风速,引入雷诺平均法求解NS方程结合分离涡(DES)湍流模型对半潜式钻井服务支持平台在自存海况下的风力和风倾力矩开展了数值研究,并将数值模拟得到的最大风力及风倾力矩与ABS、DNV以及CCS的计算结果进行了对比验证。计算结果表明:平台受到的风力和风倾力矩与风谱自身特性、平台倾斜角及风向角等因素密不可分;同一工况下采用Davenport与NPD风谱计算时平台受到的平均风力(矩)较为接近;NPD风谱作用时平台受到的随机最大风力(矩)最大;采用API与NPD风谱计算时,各工况下最小风力(矩)随风向角的变化趋势、计算结果均基本一致。     

基于CFD的FPSO风载荷规范计算适用性研究

[目的]目前,设计人员多使用针对大型油轮的OCIMF规范和针对海上平台的API规范对FPSO风载荷进行计算,但因FPSO船舶上层建筑更为复杂,需进一步研究这2种规范对于FPSO风载荷计算的适用性。[方法]建立具有通用型上部模块的某30万吨级大型FPSO数值模型,对恶劣海况下不同风向角、横倾角下的FPSO所受风载荷进行数值模拟,分析其中存在的遮蔽效应;与规范计算结果进行对比分析,讨论在风载荷作用下FPSO受到的横倾力矩。[结果]结果显示,船舶正浮状态受到的最大风载荷和横倾力矩出现在270°风向角;船舶横倾状态下受到的风载荷和横倾力矩比正浮状态更大,最大横倾力矩出现在10.5°横倾角280°风向角;采用API规范和OCIMF规范得到的FPSO风载荷计算结果与CFD计算结果相差较大,二者在270°风向角的结果与CFD分别相差13.6%和24.5%。[结论]数值仿真给出的流场细节有利于分析上部模块间的遮蔽效应,能够较为准确地预报船舶所受到的风载荷,可以为考虑遮蔽效应的FPSO稳性设计提供参考。     

基于不同国家规范的半潜式钻井服务支持平台风载荷计算及对比研究

风载荷是海洋平台设计载荷之一,对平台稳性起着至关重要的作用,同时也关系到平台结构的安全,确定平台在不同工况下的风力与风倾力矩值具有重要的工程意义.文中以半潜式钻井服务支持平台BT-3500 TSV为研究对象,采用中国船级社(CCS)、挪威船级社(DNV)和美国船级社(ABS)3种规范,对平台在4种典型工况下的风载荷进行了计算,对比了不同规范对风载荷计算结果的差异,分析和归纳了不同风向角下平台风倾力矩的变化趋势.     

船舶风载荷数值模拟中流域构造方法的研究与应用

以15 000 TEU集装箱船为计算对象,针对船舶风荷载数值模拟中多风向角工况下大量重复性工作问题,基于STAR-CCM+平台,提出3种计算域构造方法:移动参考系模型法(MRF)、重叠网格法(Overset Mesh)、内外域分区构造法(Subregion),实现多风向角计算模型共享,助力风载荷数值建模的完全流程化和自动化。3种构造方式下风载荷数值模拟结果具有很好的一致性,验证了方法的同质性,并将正迎风时纵向力系数与Fujiwara经验公式对比,差异不大,初步证实计算结果的准确性,待后续风洞试验结果的进一步验证。     

不同集装箱布置下船舶风载荷数值仿真

采用数值仿真手段,在各风向角下计算分析船舶甲板上6种不同的集装箱堆箱布置对船舶纵向风向力、横向风力和艏摇风力矩的影响。借助风洞设备对相应研究工况进行风洞试验验证,结果表明数值计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。为有效评估不同堆箱布置形式下航行集装箱船的风阻力,提出考虑遭遇风向角范围的"阻力系数面积RA"评估指标。     

基于ANSYS平台的散货船风载荷计算方法

为了评估散货船在突发性大风下的安全情况,研究采用计算流体动力学方法对船舶的风载荷进行仿真计算。文章基于船舶的二维图纸建立三维模型,应用ANSYS平台的Fluent仿真模块对三维模型进行网格划分,形成有限元模型。对在不同风速、不同吃水、不同风向角下的船舶有限元模型进行仿真计算,获得不同工况下船舶的风载荷数值。仿真结果为散货船抗风等级提供依据,也便于发现散货船受力的薄弱环节,为船舶的设计建造提供参考。     

基于CFD的某内河游船风载荷系数计算

为获得船舶风载荷系数的准确计算方法及其在不同风向角下的分布规律,以某内河船舶为研究对象,对船舶水上结构表面风场风压进行数值模拟,得到不同风向角下的风载荷系数,将计算结果与Fujiwara和Blendermann方法对比,结果表明,k-εRealizable湍流模型在计算风载荷系数时准确度较高;随着风向角变化,船舶风载荷系数变化较大;所采用的数值计算方法及网格形式可较好预报游轮风阻力。     

自升式平台风载荷的空气动力学干扰研究

风载荷是白升式平台的主要控制载荷,现行规范在计算风载荷时主要采用面积投影法,不考虑空气动力学干扰的影响,结果偏于保守。以自主研发的122m（400ft）自升式平台为例,通过风洞实验得到其各风向角下的干扰因子伊。在此基础上,采用求解RANS方程的方法,结合k—ε湍流模型对风载荷的空气动力学干扰现象进行数值模拟,所得伊值与实验结果吻合良好,揭示了这种干扰现象对自升式平台风载荷的影响。     

破损船舶瘫船时的横摇运动分析

为了研究破损船舶瘫船时的横摇运动,采用Davenport风谱计算定常风和阵风的风倾力矩,采用ITTC双参数波谱计算不规则波波浪力矩,采用增加重量法计算破损进水,建立了破损船舶瘫船时的横摇运动方程。最后以一艘船舶为例,计算了船舶非对称破损、对称破损以及完整状态下的横摇运动幅值,分析了破损船舶瘫船时的横摇情况。结果表明,船舶在破损时的横摇幅值远大于完整状态下横摇幅值且非对称破损时的横摇幅值最大。     

岸边集装箱起重机风载荷数值模拟研究

岸边集装箱起重机抗风性能设计是不可缺少的控制性环节。本文对65t-65m岸边集装箱起重机风洞试验的模型进行了计算流体动力学（CFD）数值模拟。通过计算几个典型的风向角和风速工况下起重机风洞试验模型，得到了丰富的流场及压力场信息，并绘制了速度分布和压力分布图。与风洞试验的数值对比，所得误差较小，说明使用CFD数值模拟的方法计算岸边集装箱起重机风载荷是可行的。     

作用在二维浮体结构上的风荷载研究

针对风对结构物的作用问题,现行规范与计算方法虽能较准确估算风的直接作用力,但可能忽视间接作用力而使估算不足。以二维典型浮体结构为研究对象,采用物理模型试验方法,分析静水条件恒定风和2种不同类型谱的随机风作用下的风荷载。结果表明,API谱随机风所产生的作用力大于Davenport谱随机风的作用力;不同时距的平均风速对浮体结构的荷载影响试验结果差异较大,应引起工程设计人员的充分注意。     

浮式风机气动-水动耦合特性数值模拟（英文）

The exploration for renewable and clean energies has become crucial due to environmental issues such as global warming and the energy crisis. In recent years,floating offshore wind turbines(FOWTs) have attracted a considerable amount of attention as a means to exploit steady and strong wind sources available in deep-sea areas. In this study, the coupled aero-hydrodynamic characteristics of a spar-type 5-MW wind turbine are analyzed. An unsteady actuator line model(UALM) coupled with a twophase computational fluid dynamics solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU is applied to solve three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged NavierStokes equations. Simulations with different complexities are performed. First, the wind turbine is parked. Second, the impact of the wind turbine is simplified into equivalent forces and moments. Third, fully coupled dynamic analysis with wind and wave excitation is conducted by utilizing the UALM. From the simulation, aerodynamic forces, including the unsteady aerodynamic power and thrust, can be obtained, and hydrodynamic responses such as the six-degrees-of-freedom motions of the floating platform and the mooring tensions are also available. The coupled responses of the FOWT for cases of different complexities are analyzed based on the simulation results. Findings indicate that the coupling effects between the aerodynamics of the wind turbine and the hydrodynamics of the floating platform are obvious. The aerodynamic loads have a significant effect on the dynamic responses of the floating platform, and the aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine has highly unsteady characteristics due to the motions of the floating platform. A spar-type FOWT consisting of NREL-5-MW baseline wind turbine and OC3-Hywind platform system is investigated. The aerodynamic forces can be obtained by the UALM. The 6 DoF motions and mooring tensions are predicted by the naoe-FOAM-SJTU. To research the coupling effects between the aerodynamics of the wind turbine and the hydrodynamics of the floating platform, simulations with different complexities are performed. Fully coupled aero-hydrodynamic characteristics of FOWTs, including aerodynamic loads, wake vortex, motion responses, and mooring tensions, are compared and analyzed.     

系泊船舶试验中风荷载的模拟

基于大型LNG船舶系泊物理模型试验,对2种试验室风荷载模拟实现技术（风机法与挂重法）进行分析与对 比。由风压力试验结果得出“风机法模拟风荷载结果与多个常用经验公式计算结果相差不大”的结论。风浪联合作用下的 船舶系泊模型试验结果表明:单纯风工况下2种方法测得的系缆力有所差异,但叠加波浪荷载后这种差异变小且不同位置缆绳 受力分配状况也有所改善。对上述结论及其形成原因进行与探讨,为船舶系泊物理模型试验中风荷载的合理模拟提供借鉴。     

三角型塔架结构风压数值分析

黄骅港综合港区进港航道的前、后导标均采用组合三角形管桁架结构,通过CFD数值模拟方法分析塔身、标牌和检修平台等部位的受力情况,计算其表面风压系数和风振系数,并与现行建筑荷载规范的取值进行比较,采用合理的风载体型系数和风振系数能使导标结构设计更加安全可靠.     

Finite-volume simulation of flows about a ship in maneuvering motion

A finite-volume method of computing the viscous flow field about a ship in maneuvering motion was developed. The time-dependent Navier-Stokes equation discretized in the generalized boundary-fitted curvilinear coordinate system is solved numerically. A third-order upwind differencing scheme, a marker and cell (MAC)-type explicit time marching solution algorithm and a simplified subgrid scale (SGS) turbulence model are adopted. The simulation method is formulated, including the movement of a computational grid fitted to the body boundary that allows computation of the flow field around a body under unsteady motion. To estimate the maneuvering ability of a ship, the accurate prediction of the hydrodynamic forces and moments of the hull is important. Therefore, experimental methods of finding the hydrodynamic forces of a ship in maneuvering motion, such as the oblique towing test, the circular motion test (CMT) and planar motion mechanism (PMM) test, were established. Numerical simulation methods for those captive model experiments were developed introducing computational fluid dynamics (CFD). First, numerical methods for steady oblique tow and steady turn simulation were developed and then extended to unsteady forced motion. Simulations were conducted about several realistic hulls, and the results were verified by comparisons with measured results obtained in model experiments. Hydrodynamic forces and the moment, the longitudinal distribution of the hydrodynamic lateral force, and the pressure distribution on the hull surface showed good agreement.     

半潜式钻井平台承载力极限状态设计

以半潜式钻井平台为研究对象,研究承载力极限状态设计方法的应用。文中首先介绍了承载力极限状态、分析方法、强度衡准;然后基于非线性软件ABAQUS,以加筋板架为研究对象,对其极限强度有限元数值仿真的分析方法、初始变形影响、结果分析技术等进行研究,总结形成数值仿真分析技术。在此基础上,分析半潜平台结构模型、载荷模型、边界约束等,研究目标平台在横向分离、纵剪、纵扭三种变形模式下的极限承载力及变形模式;分析等效模型、加筋模型对计算结果、计算效率的影响,提出半潜式平台极限强度工程化数值分析技术。最后,基于部分安全系数准则提出完整半潜式平台结构极限强度衡准,并对目标平台进行评估;总结形成半潜式钻井平台基于承载力极限状态的结构设计技术。     

CPOE-62自升式作业平台整船强度入级计算

按照CCS移动平台规范进行多个工况下的CPOE-62自升平台整船有限元强度屈服和屈曲计算。就风、浪、流环境载荷计算，桩腿与围阱区接触耦合的接触力传递模拟方法，平台整体侧向位移引起的二次力的P-△效应进行了讨论。建立了拖航工况下桩腿弯矩的计算简图，推导出桩腿弯矩计算公式后进行桩腿强度校核。     

沉埋式海底隧道管段海上系泊水动力性能分析

沉埋式海底隧道管段海上系泊阶段的结构运动响应及缆索受力,影响其水上施工的安全性和经济性。以一管段系泊工程为例,利用基于三维势流理论的水动力软件AQWA建立管段海上系泊数值仿真计算模型,首先对系泊系统进行频域分析,然后在时域内考虑JONSWAP波浪谱和水流联合作用,研究环境载荷方向、环境载荷组合方式等因素对系统运动响应及缆索受力的影响。结果表明:管段在高频区域内稳定性较好,响应幅值很小;水流对管段的运动响应影响很大;当环境力以60°入射管段时,管段的系泊缆张力最大。     

Dynamic analysis of a dual-spar floating offshore wind farm with shared moorings in extreme environmental conditions

The concept of a shared mooring system was proposed to reduce mooring and anchoring costs. Shared moorings also add complexity to the floating offshore wind farm system and pose design challenges. To understand the system dynamics, this paper presents a dynamic analysis for a dual-spar floating offshore wind farm with a shared mooring system in extreme environmental conditions. First, a numerical model of the floating offshore wind farm was established in a commercial simulation tool. Then, time-domain simulations were performed for the parked wind farm under extreme wind and wave conditions. A sensitivity study was carried out to investigate the influence of loading directions and shared line mooring properties. To highlight the influence of the shared line, the results were compared to those of a single spar floating wind turbine, and larger platform motions and higher tension loads in single lines are observed for the wind farm with shared moorings. The loading direction affects the platform motions and mooring response of the floating offshore wind farm. Comparing the investigated loading directions to the 0-deg loading direction, the variation of mean mooring tension at the fairlead is up to 84% for single lines and 16% for the shared line. The influence of the shared line properties in the platform motions and the structural responses is limited. These findings improve understanding of the dynamic characteristics of floating offshore wind farms with a shared mooring system.