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通常混凝土构件均处于受力状态,而对自由状态的混凝土试件开展耐久性研究很难真实地反映出混凝土构件的耐久性状况。本研究采用施加恒定压荷载和弯曲荷载的方式,研究荷载对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响。结果表明:混凝土试件纯受弯段的氯离子浓度随弯曲应力水平的提高而增大,且混凝土内的氯离子渗透深度随应力水平的增加而增大。试件距暴露面相同深度处的氯离子浓度随着压应力水平的提高先减少后增大。混凝土试件的氯离子扩散系数随压应力水平提高而先减少后增大,压应力水平较低时可提高混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能。对于典型的海洋工程高性能混凝土配合比,混凝土试件的弯曲应力与其恒定荷载影响因子之间呈近似指数函数关系,在混凝土结构耐久性设计中应考虑弯曲荷载对氯离子扩散系数的影响。 相似文献
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采用级配不合格的机制砂与河砂按一定比例混合后得到了合格的混合砂,研究了不同比例组成的混合砂对混凝土耐久性的影响,并采用化学结合水法、热重分析法以及SEM等测试方法分析了混合砂对混凝土耐久性的影响机理。结果表明:混合砂混凝土试件的氯离子扩散系数要低于纯河砂混凝土试件,且混凝土氯离子扩散系数的变化趋势随机制砂比例的提高而降低;混凝土的抗硫酸盐耐蚀系数随机制砂比例的提高而降低,原因是提高机制砂的比例会提高混凝土的密实度,导致抗压强度比变化不大;不同比例组成的混合砂的级配不同,同时混合砂中的石粉可参与胶凝材料的水化进程,混合砂对混凝土耐久性的影响是这两因素的综合体现。 相似文献
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The chloride-induced steel corrosion is one of the main causes of deterioration for reinforced concrete structures exposed to marine environments. The chloride ingress into reinforced concrete structures is even more complex since it depends on random parameters linked to transport and chemical properties of materials, which results in variability of corrosion initiation. This variation raises the need of statistical approaches to evaluate the risk of corrosion initiation due to chloride ingress. To address this issue, we use sensitivity analysis to identify the influence of input parameters on critical length of time before corrosion initiation predicted by our chloride diffusion model. Exceedance probabilities of corrosion initiation time given that input parameters exceed certain thresholds were also calculated. Results showed that the corrosion initiation time was most sensitive to: chloride effective diffusion coefficient De in concrete, that is a parameter controllable by relevant stakeholders; surface chloride concentration Cs, a non-controllable parameter depending on surrounding conditions. Reducing the chloride diffusion coefficient enables us to postpone the maintenance of structures. However, the interaction between controllable parameters and non-controllable surrounding conditions was revealed influential on the reliability of results. For instance, the probability that corrosion initiation time exceeds 15 years given an effective diffusion coefficient (De) equal to 0.1 × 10−12 m2⋅s-1 can vary from 19 to 41% according to stochastic variations of chloride concentrations (Cs) values. Postponing the corrosion initiation time was combined with a decreasing probability of its occurrence. 相似文献
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大管桩现场取样分析与耐久性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用现场取样与室内化学分析相结合的方法,研究海洋环境下大管桩的耐久性能。通过对深圳、连云港和宁波3个地区服役1~17 a的大管桩展开耐久性调查,同时在潮差区和浪溅区的桩身混凝土钻芯取样,采用化学分析的方法测试不同深度混凝土中的氯离子含量,计算混凝土氯离子扩散系数,进而经统计分析得出桩身混凝土的腐蚀参数。通过对比研究桩身混凝土与桩帽节点混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能的差异,研究裂缝对氯离子渗透的影响及大管桩接头处FRP包覆层对接头耐久性的影响。取样研究过程中未发现任何箍筋和主筋锈蚀的现象,服役10~15 a的大管桩箍筋表面氯离子浓度在0.1%~0.2%,箍筋表面光洁如新。 相似文献
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概率性能基础的使用寿命设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
氯盐环境下钢筋混凝土结构过早被破坏,很多因素影响混凝土的使用寿命,这些因素随着环境和时间而变化,是随机变量,应采用数理统计方法处理或采用荷载抗力分项系数法设计,在使用寿命设计中,输入一个代表值进行计算,如果这个数值是该变量的平均值,计算结果的使用寿命只有50%的保证率。如果按95%的分位数取扩散系数值,各影响因素(包括扩散系数)用分项系数来反映可靠指标,则可提高使用寿命保证率到95%,但目前使用寿命设计具有不确定性,在结构使用期间应对结构性能进行跟踪维护,对有关性能进行定期检验,据以进行使用寿命再设计,也许进行多次再设计,以确保结构有设计要求较长的使用寿命。 相似文献
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The exposure temperature significantly affects the diffusion of chloride ions in concrete, and, as such, it must be taken into consideration in the development of service-life prediction models for structures exposed to chloride-bearing environments. Most of the earlier studies have used cement paste to assess the effect of exposure temperature on chloride diffusion. In the reported study, chloride diffusion in Type I and fly ash (20% fly ash) cement concrete was evaluated under field and laboratory conditions. The laboratory concrete specimens were exposed to chloride solution maintained at four temperatures (22, 35, 50 and 60 °C) for 365 days. Beam specimens were exposed in the tidal zone of a marine exposure site, along the Arabian Gulf coast, for up to 10 years to study the chloride diffusion in the field specimens. The coefficient of chloride diffusion (Da) in the concrete specimens exposed to 22 or 35 ᵒC in the laboratory was less than that in the concrete specimens exposed to 50 and 60 ᵒC. The Da for Type I cement concrete specimens increased by 3.6 times as the temperature was increased from 22 to 60 ᵒC while this increase was 2.3 times for the fly ash cement concrete specimens for a similar increase in the temperature. The Da decreased with the period of exposure in the field specimens. The values of activation energy that can be used for predicting the chloride diffusion for exposure temperature within the range of 22–60 °C were developed based on the laboratory data. In addition, mathematical models were developed relating the coefficient of chloride diffusion in the field and laboratory concrete specimens. The developed models can be utilized to ascertain chloride diffusion in field specimens, utilizing the laboratory values, and hence calculate the useful service-life of structures. 相似文献
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In this study, a model for predicting chloride penetration in fly ash concrete under long-term exposure in a marine environment is developed. The empirical model was based on 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year investigation of concretes in a marine site. Regression analysis of the data was carried out by applying Fick's second law of diffusion to generate an empirical formula for predicting chloride concentration in concrete. The model uses the water to binder (W/B) ratio, fly ash content, distance from the concrete surface, and exposure time. Model validation revealed that the predicted chloride concentration levels were within a ±25% error margin (R2 = 0.91 ? 0.99) in the samples used to develop the model. The model was also verified using data from previous laboratory and field studies. Most predicted chloride concentration levels were within a ±30% margin of error from field samples. The model also predicted the strong effect of fly ash and W/B ratio on reducing chloride diffusion in concrete. Results clearly indicated that a high volume fly ash replacement (up to 50% by weight of binder) and a low W/B ratio will yield good chloride resistance in concrete under long-term exposure in a marine environment. 相似文献
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通过现场暴露物理试验,实测得到了港口工程混凝土及相对应的水泥砂浆试件中氯离子的浓度分布结果,经回归分析分别得到了这两种试件的氯离子扩散系数。以此为基础,定量评估了粗骨料的稀释、曲折和界面过渡区效应对混凝土中氯离子扩散系数的影响,并建立了混凝土界面过渡区氯离子扩散系数模型。基于混凝土中氯离子扩散的细观数值模拟方法,验证了所建立的混凝土界面过渡区氯离子扩散系数模型的正确性。对细观数值模拟结果的分析可知:界面过渡区对混凝土中仅考虑粗骨料的稀释和曲折效应的氯离子扩散系数的提升效应不可忽略,应充分考虑界面过渡区的存在对混凝土中氯离子浓度分布和扩散特性的影响。 相似文献
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针对海洋环境下快速施工用混凝土材料的技术需求,采用硫铝酸盐水泥和适量的矿渣粉和硅灰,并掺入专用的高性能减水剂和缓凝剂配制快速施工用高耐久性混凝土,并对其性能进行试验研究。结果表明,快速施工用高耐久性混凝土工作性良好、坍落度损失小,具有良好的抗氯盐侵蚀性能,并能满足泵送施工要求,可为海洋环境下快速施工提供一条有效的技术途径。 相似文献
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港口混凝土结构常需采取一些特殊措施来提高结构的耐久性。近年来,试验室研究结果已充分证明采用硅烷憎水表面处理技术提高混凝土结构的耐久性是可靠的,并且该技术在实际工程中已得到越来越多的应用。在实际工程中,由于现场条件的限制,施工质量对上述混凝土表面防护措施的有效性会产生显著影响。因此,科学评价现场硅烷憎水表面防护技术的施工效果是合理预测应用该技术的港口混凝土结构的耐久性和使用寿命的前提。本项目现场调查分析了某新建码头混凝土结构硅烷憎水处理的实际施工效果(包括混凝土保护层厚度、硅烷浸渍渗透深度、内部钢筋自然电位等参数的现场详细调查),为港口环境下混凝土码头硅烷憎水处理的施工提供重要数据,并为硅烷憎水处理混凝土结构在海洋环境下的耐久性和使用寿命设计奠定基础。 相似文献
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电控喷油器是保障船用大功率柴油机可靠运行、提高整体性能、降低污染排放的关键部套,其中高速电磁阀则是决定电控喷油器性能的核心部件,然而目前对高速电磁阀工作耐久性分析的研究还非常缺乏,导致电磁阀的长寿命设计还存在瓶颈.因此,本文在高速电磁阀动力学性能数值仿真的基础上,结合配机耐久试验数据,对高速电磁阀在不同工况下的机械疲劳问题展开综合性研究,重点讨论并验证了量孔板密封锥面撞击理论寿命模型的有效性,研究结果可为电控喷油器电磁阀的设计优化及寿命预测提供科学支撑. 相似文献