救助船舶信息化管理系统的开发

为适应我国海上交通、海洋资源开发和海洋环境保护等事业的发展需要,开发了适合救助船舶的信息化管理系统.该系统能很好地保障海上安全生产的稳定和改善海上投资环境,保证救助船时刻保持良好的船况,提高了机务管理的信息化水平,增强了救助船舶的可靠性和安全性.     

锚泊船安全性评价

锚泊船安全性高低是锚泊决策过程中必须考虑的首要因素,本文分析了影响锚泊船安全性的各种因素,并把人的因素归入其中。利用模糊决策方法确定安全危险性的大小,消除了人的主观臆测,为研究锚泊船安全危险性和安全决策打下基础。     

1000m~3 LNG燃料加注船主机选型研究

以1 000CBM LNG加注船为目标船,对国内LNG燃料发动机功率、调速特性以及机舱布置等方面进行综合考虑,分析国产LNG燃料发动机用作加注船主机的可行性。研究表明,国产LNG燃料发动机用作加注船主机是可行的,但是主要适用于ESD机舱和增强安全型机舱布置型式,船舶总体安全性水平低,设计和施工难度大,并存在一定的应用风险。     

30000dwt载货教学实习船总体设计

上海船舶研究设计院为大连海事大学研发设计的30000dwt载货教学实习船主要用于航海类专业学生的教学、实习和科学研究,兼顾散杂货、工程件和集装箱运输,是达到国际先进水平的远洋重吊多用途教学实习船。从教学实习、货运、安全性、先进性和节能环保等方面介绍该船的总体设计特点。     

基于不同形式和刚度撞击船艏的舷侧结构碰撞性能研究

为了研究撞击船艏形状及刚度对碰撞历程损伤变形产生的影响,利用数值仿真软件MSC/Dytran,对不同形式及刚度的球艏型船艏撞击下被撞船舷侧结构的碰撞性能进行了定量的分析研究.结果表明:船艏形式及刚度对船舶碰撞安全性会产生影响,撞击船艏部与被撞船舷侧的接触面积越大,舷侧结构吸能越多,其碰撞安全性也就越好.考虑实际船艏结构刚度的影响可以提高极限撞深,从而增加舷侧各构件的吸能效果,对舷侧结构的碰撞安全性有利.     

水平船台移船、下水系统设计

结合广船国际有限公司龙穴厂区水平船台项目的实践,论述大型船舶在水平船台建造并采用组合台车运输至半潜船的移船、下水系统设计。优化船台建造工艺,自创台架结合台车的支承模式,为台车区域分组、自动均载、船舶总段三维对接等提供实施条件,提高了移船、下水作业的安全性。与滑道-滑靴滑移或者模块车滚装下水方式相比,移船、下水方式综合二者优势,经济适用、安全可靠,可作为大型船舶或类似自重较大且系列化产品的优选出运方案,具有广阔的应用前景。     

基于模糊网络分析法的大桥船撞风险评价

为进一步提高船舶桥区通航的安全性,识别影响桥区水域船舶航行的风险因素,利用模糊网络分析法对船舶在桥区水域航行的风险进行测算。并以上海港辖区大桥船撞的安全性为例,从"人-船-环境-管理-桥梁"五个方面对上海港辖区大桥船撞风险进行评价,得出了上海港辖区大桥船撞的风险值,并总结影响大桥船撞的主要因素,最后提出相应的改善建议与措施,为船舶在桥区航行提供参考和借鉴。     

基于RCM的LNG动力船营运风险预控

以液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas,LNG)作为燃料的LNG动力船的安全营运问题是当前的研究热点。针对计划预防维修管理模式存在的问题及船用LNG和船舶的高可靠性的特点,提出基于可靠性维修方法的LNG动力船安全分析,进行船用LNG和船舶的系统划分及风险评价;阐述可靠性维修方法,将其应用于风险逻辑决断分析中,确定以风险为中心(Risk-Centred Measure,RCM)的LNG动力船故障失效控制方式,进而确立相应的LNG动力船风险预控方案。应用结果表明:LNG动力船的安全性主要表现为LNG泄漏所引发的风险,加强LNG系统维护是提高LNG动力船安全营运的主要手段。RCM方法应用于LNG动力船安全性风险预控,有利于提升LNG动力船营运中的操作安全性。     

溢油回收船电力推进系统功率限制功能设计

变频器功率限制功能是保证电力推进系统安全运行不可或缺的一环,本文针对万吨级溢油回收船电力推进系统,设计了一种新的功率限制算法及相应硬件接口,最后通过实船验证,表明该功能设计满足万吨级溢油回收船电力推进系统安全性要求。     

2 000吨级大型航标船“海巡160”

正"海巡160"是由中国船舶及海洋工程设计院(MARIC)设计、江南造船(集团)有限责任公司建造的一艘海事系统新一代2 000吨级大型航标船。相较于海事系统现有大型航标船,"海巡160"在抗风能力、舱室装修水平和舒适度、全船信息化水平、航标作业设备的可靠性和安全性方面得到了大幅提升。"海巡160"为钢质、单甲板、双层底、全电焊结构、前倾艏、方艉、双桨、双舵、柴油机推进的大型航标船,主要用于对东海海区各港口航道的灯浮标等助航设施进行布设、撤除、检查和维护工作,     

A risk model for the operation of container vessels

Commercial shipping of containerized goods involves certain risks for human safety and environment. In order to actively manage these risks, they must be identified, analyzed, modeled, and quantified. This requires a systematical analysis of design and operation of container vessels. Within the EU-funded research project SAFEDOR, a Formal Safety Assessment has been applied to establish the current safety level of generic container ships and to identify potential cost-effective risk control options. This paper describes a structured approach to develop the underlying high-level risk model. It is structured as risk contribution tree consisting of a series of fault trees and event trees for the major accident categories. Statistical analysis of casualty data is used to estimate the probability of occurrence. Finally, the summation overall individual risk contributions yields the current risk pro file for the operation of container vessels is presented as FN-curve.     

The measure and decision of technical risk in the development of naval vessels

The risks in development of navy vessels were explored, The resources of technical risk in the design and development of vessels were mentioned, It was pointed that technical risk dominated the other risk components. Based on the writers＇ understanding and experience from risk analysis and risk ,nanagement to the development of a navy vessel, four measure indexes of technical risk were presented. The decision criteria and the rules corresponding to the indexes were estahlished by the statistic information,     

Design of bridges against ship collisions

The paper outlines a rational design procedure for bridge piers and pylons against ship collision impacts. Firstly, a set of risk acceptance criteria are proposed. This is followed by a mathematically based procedure for calculation of the probability of critical ship meeting situations near the bridge, and the probability of ship collision accidents caused by human errors as well as technical errors. This first part of the paper leads to identification of the largest striking ship, “design vessels”, a given bridge pier must withstand without structural failure in order for the bridge connection to fulfil the risk acceptance criteria. The final part of the paper is devoted to an analysis of the needed impact capacity for the bridge pylons and piers exposed to ship bow impact loads from these “design vessels”. For a number of different ship types and different tonnage merchant vessels, load – displacement relations for ship bow collisions against rigid walls are derived. Based on these comprehensive numerical results, a new empirical relation is derived which is suited for design against bow collisions. This expression for maximum bow collision forces is compared with a previously published expression for ice-strengthened ships and with existing standards for assessment of bow crushing forces. It is shown that there is need for an update of these existing standards. For design of piers and pylons against local impact pressure loads, a pressure - area relation for bulbous bow impacts is derived.     

The overall motion induced interruptions as operability criterion for fishing vessels

A new index, namely the overall motion induced interruptions (OMII), is proposed as a seakeeping criterion for fishing vessels, to compare ships having different hull forms and dimensions by means of an only parameter, in a human centred approach, mainly related to the onboard risk level. Therefore, the first aim of the paper is to investigate the factors affecting fishing vessels’ seakeeping performances to improve them to reduce the high number of injuries occurring during fishing operations, mainly related to both risk perception and harsh weather conditions. Despite the classical approach, where motion induced interruption is determined for a certain sea state with regard to several location points, the new index accounts for all crew members’ positions on the working deck, all heading angles the vessel may experience during fishing operations, based on relevant operating scenario, and all sea states the ship may encounter in the fishing area. The influence of position, heading angles and sea states on the attained risk level is fully investigated, analysing seakeeping performances of four fishing vessels with different hull forms and dimensions. Finally, a new operability criterion is proposed, based on OMII, to investigate the influence of ship size and operating scenario on the risk of injuries during fishing operations. Main factors affecting fishing vessels’ seakeeping performances are fully discussed, paying attention to relevant correlation with ship roll natural period.     

渔船稳性衡准分析与算法研究

我国有数量庞大的渔业船舶,其稳性对船舶安全生产、船型设计开发等方面产生重要影响。本文整理现行渔业船舶稳性衡准要求；分析稳性衡准数的数理实质；进而应用国内外普遍认可的总体设计软件NAPA进行渔业船舶稳性衡准数核算方法研究开发。有助于提高对渔业船舶稳性的认知水平和校核能力,亦可为具备类似衡准要求的其他船型设计研发及稳性校核工具开发提供借鉴。     

Allision risk analysis of offshore petroleum installations on the Norwegian Continental Shelf—an empirical study of vessel traffic patterns

The Norwegian Petroleum Safety Authority (PSA) requires offshore petroleum operators on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) to perform risk assessments of impacts (allisions) between passing ships and offshore installations. These risk assessments provide a basis for defining the allision accidental load that the installation shall be designed for. Even though the risk of allision is small, the potential consequences can be catastrophic. In a worst-case scenario, an allision may result in the total loss of an installation. The ageing industry standard allision risk model, COLLIDE, calculates the risk of impacts between passing (non-field-related) ships and installations based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. Both the COLLIDE risk model and a new Bayesian allision risk model currently under development are highly sensitive to variations in vessels’ passing distances, especially close proximity passings. Allision risk assessments are typically performed during the design and development phase of an installation, which means that historical AIS data are used “as is”, disregarding future changes to the traffic pattern when the new installation is placed on a location. This article presents an empirical study of one of the most important variables used to calculate the risk of allision from passing vessels, namely passing distance. The study shows that merchant vessels alter course to achieve a safe passing distance to new surface offshore petroleum installations. This indicates that the results of current allision risk assessments are overly conservative.     

论证研究、设计建造思想的更新──模块化新概念

模块化设计是海军舰船论证研究、设计建造的一种新概念。本文论述了国内外舰船模块化研究设计的应用和对提高舰船设计水平的重要意义，提出了我国开展舰船模块化研究、设计需要进一步解决的几个问题。     

水面舰艇弹库空调通风计算研究

水面舰艇弹库是属于DDA危险区域（易失火或爆炸）,其安全性不仅关系舰艇的战斗力,还关乎舰艇的生命力。弹库空调通风设计是弹库设计的一项重要内容。弹库的空调通风计算非常复杂,主要包括两个方面：一是弹库的热负荷计算;二是弹库的空气处理过程计算。本文在总结分析以往经验公式的基础上,开发了热负荷计算软件和弹库空气处理过程计算软件,大大减少了设计人员的工作量,提高了工作效率,并为弹库空调器的设计选型提供了依据。     

长江下游口岸直水道通航风险分析与安全评价

针对拟实施的航道整治工程,基于口岸直水道实际情况,对照航道通航环境影响因子的危险度评价标准,选取各影响因子作为评价指标,分析其对口岸直水道的通航安全的影响并进行风险评价,得到相应的风险级别。     

LNG燃料技术在大型汽车运输船上的应用

基于LNG双燃料大型汽车运输船项目的开发介绍了以LNG作为船舶燃料的规范标准和风险评估流程,进一步从ME-GI双燃料主机、LNG燃料舱、燃料供给系统等方面阐述了LNG双燃料大型汽车运输船设计和建造的关键技术,为建造经济、环保、安全的LNG动力船提供了建设性思路。