基于谱分析法的大型集装箱船疲劳强度评估

本文采用谱分析法对船舶进行疲劳强度评估,论述了谱分析法的基本原理。以1艘大型集装箱船为例,利用MSC.Patran软件进行全船有限元建模,采用三维线性势流软件Compass-Walcs进行波浪载荷计算,通过PCL语言完成波浪载荷及舱室惯性力的自动加载,结合S-N曲线和Miner线性累积损伤理论对大型集装箱船的典型部位进行疲劳强度评估。     

8 530 TEU大型集装箱船船中货舱区舱口角隅疲劳强度校核

集装箱船货舱区舱口角隅疲劳强度校核是集装箱船强度分析的重要内容之一,该文选择沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司即将建造的8 530 TEU集装箱船船中No.5货舱区Fr181处角隅作为疲劳强度分析对象.基于设计波法,选择全球航行海域波浪散布图进行波浪诱导载荷长期预报,获得四种典型的波浪载荷参数,然后在一个波浪循环内每隔30°取一相位,计算了其中三种最典型波浪载荷工况下上甲板角隅边缘和舱口围板角隅边缘的热点应力,确定最大应力范围及其位置,最后基于S-N曲线法进行疲劳强度校核.     

基于谱分析法的单点浮筒疲劳强度分析

为了解单点系泊浮筒的疲劳强度和浪向对其疲劳损伤的影响,基于Miner线性累积损伤理论,采用谱分析法对单点浮筒进行波浪载荷预报和疲劳强度评估,结果表明,关键节点的疲劳寿命满足设计要求;迎浪和斜浪对关键部位的疲劳损伤贡献较大;危险节点在固有频率为1.5 rad/s左右的波浪下的应力响应较大。     

船舶运动和加速度计算公式在集装箱船疲劳强度评估中的适用性研究

围绕国际船级社协会波浪载荷会议（AHG＿WD-SL）制定的船舶重心处运动和加速度公式能否适用于集装箱船疲劳强度评估这一关键问题开展研究。通过对15艘集装箱船实船的水动力数值解和AHG＿WD-SL公式计算的比较表明，AHG＿WD-SL公式除横摇角和横摇加速度之外都与数值计算结果相差较大，不能用于集装箱船的疲劳强度评估。在此基础上，对不适用的公式进行了修正，得到了与数值解吻合度较好的新公式。论文提出的公式实用，研究结果可应用于集装箱船疲劳强度评估，对于提高集装箱船的结构设计水平具有一定指导意义。     

半潜平台波浪载荷不确定性及结构疲劳可靠性研究

在海洋平台结构疲劳强度分析的不确定因素中波浪载荷的不确定性对其影响较大,为了评估疲劳载荷计算过程中波浪载荷的不确定性文章建立了海浪谱型、波高、波浪载荷传递函数、平均跨零周期、海况发生概率和浪向等引起的波浪载荷不确定性的评估方法和公式.同时为了评估波浪载荷传递函数的不确定性进行了波浪载荷模型试验.重点对西北太平洋和中国南海的海况进行了分析计算,定量统计回归出西北太平洋的有义波高和平均跨零周期修正公式,以及中国南海不同季节海况和浪向分布规律对半潜平台波浪载荷和疲劳寿命的影响因子.最后根据波浪载荷不确定性以及结构疲劳分析中的其他不确定因素计算分析了半潜平台典型结构的疲劳可靠度.     

波激振动和砰击颤振对大型油船疲劳强度影响研究

文章给出线性波激振动和砰击颤振引起的大型油船结构疲劳贡献度的计算方法。基于三维线性水弹性理论可计算得到包括刚体和2节点的振动模态下的垂向弯矩的传递函数,采用谱分析法对某30万吨油船进行结构疲劳强度计算,分析波激振动对船体结构疲劳损伤影响;基于二维非线性波浪载荷程序（含砰击颤振的波浪载荷）,采用时域方法对该油船进行船体梁弯矩计算,分析砰击颤振对船体梁弯矩及疲劳载荷的影响;结果表明对于该类大型油船波激振动和砰击颤振对船体的结构疲劳损伤的影响不可忽略。     

基于谱分析法的船舶结构疲劳强度评估

本文采用基于谱分析法的直接计算法对某船舶结构进行疲劳强度评估。基于三维势流理论与北大西洋海况对该船舶进行水动力分析,得到了满载巡航工况下的波浪压力分布和舱段端面的水平弯矩、垂直弯矩、横向扭矩。同时根据船舶具体结构形式和数值计算的可行性对船体结构进行适当简化,并选用合适类型的单元对船舶结构进行离散,从而得到了船舶三舱段有限元模型。将波浪压力、惯性力、端面弯矩等载荷施加到舱段有限元模型上,得到了典型热应力点的疲劳强度应力值,然后通过谱分析法估算出疲劳寿命。研究结果可为该船舶初步设计阶段的结构优化提供有益参考和借鉴。     

基于DNV规范的结构疲劳强度谱分析方法

简要介绍了船舶结构疲劳强度谱分析法原理,基于DNV规范,应用SESAM软件对一实船典型节点的疲劳强度进行分析校核。介绍了运用SESAM软件进行谱分析法疲劳强度评估的过程及注意事项,有关结论可供相关设计人员参考。     

有限元分析的船用燃料储罐疲劳强度估计

针对目前船用燃料储罐疲劳强度评估准确度问题,基于有限元分析法对船用燃料储罐疲劳强度进行评估。采用三段式有限元建模法,划分储罐横仓壁和强肋位,获取有效周长得到内部应力关系比例,计算罐体内部载荷,提取惯性力和储罐压力相关载荷数据,施加到有限元模型上并设置应力点,通过谱分析法,得到典型应力疲劳强度应力值,结合有限元模型提取的关系比例,估算出当前疲劳强度。实验数据表明,应用设计的疲劳强度评估方法对储罐横轴疲劳强度评估准确度提高了27%,纵轴疲劳评估准确度提高22%。     

波激颤振对超大型集装箱船疲劳强度影响评估

随着全球航运规模的进一步扩大,集装箱船的大型化发展成为必然趋势,超大型集装箱船的船型特点导致船体结构遭受更严重的波激振动和砰击颤振作用,对船体结构疲劳强度产生较大影响.根据中国船级社规范和相关要求,基于三维线性/非线性水弹性理论,采用专用的三维水弹性计算软件,对一型超大型集装箱船开展波激振动和砰击颤振下船体结构疲劳强度直接计算评估和影响分析.分析结果表明,相关计算流程、算例和结论可为其他大型船舶在波激振动和砰击颤振下船体结构疲劳强度评估提供参考.     

基于设计波法的超大型集装箱船疲劳强度评估

基于BV规范中的疲劳强度计算评估方法,论述了设计波法的基本原理,给出了确定设计波载荷的基本流程和疲劳累计损伤组合计算的方法,并据此对某超大型集装箱船的重点位置结构进行疲劳强度的计算分析与评估。     

弹振对超大型集装箱船疲劳强度的影响

超大型集装箱船在波浪激励下产生的弹振响应使得其疲劳强度问题十分突出。基于三维水弹性理论,结合有限元分析方法计算分析目标船典型节点的应力响应特性。采用双峰谱密度函数的疲劳损伤谱分析理论评估目标船的疲劳强度,通过与刚体理论下的计算结果相对比来分析弹振对目标船的影响。研究结果表明,相比于刚体理论计算结果,考虑弹振效应时目标船的疲劳寿命会极大地降低,甚至可达50%以上。     

大型集装箱船在斜浪工况下的扭矩特征研究及结构强度分析

随着大型集装箱船的发展,针对斜浪条件下扭矩载荷特性及其结构强度的分析研究日益重要.本文采用选定的某大型集装箱船开展动态载荷(DLA)分析,建立了水动力湿表面计算模型和质量模型,研究基于扭矩传递函数和主要载荷控制参数的斜浪设计波参数确定方法,分析超越概率水平对扭矩载荷计算结果的影响.考虑典型斜浪参数和超越概率水平,分析对比DLA扭矩与船舶规范(ABS和HCSR)扭矩的差异及原因,提出集装箱船扭矩载荷计算与应用的建议.在此基础上,选定3个斜浪计算工况(45°,60°和75°)开展结构强度分析,通过分析应力计算云图,研究扭矩载荷下船体结构响应的关键位置及其应力趋势.该研究可为大型集装箱船结构设计过程中船体梁扭转强度计算、舱口角隅设计、抗扭箱强度评估等方面提供有益的参考.     

A practical method for torsional strength assessment of container ship structures

Container ship structures are characterized by large hatch openings. Due to this structural property, they are subject to large diagonal deformations of hatch openings and warping stresses under complex torsional moments in waves. This necessitates torsional strength assessment of hull girder of container ships in their structural design stage. In this paper, a practical method for torsional strength assessment of container ship structures with transparent and consistent background is discussed based on the results from up-to-date analyses. In order to estimate the torsional response characteristics as accurately as possible, three-dimensional Rankine source method, after being validated by tank tests, is employed for estimation of wave loads on a container ship, and FE analyses are conducted on the entire-ship model under the estimated loads. Then, a dominant regular wave condition under which the torsional response of the container ship becomes maximum is specified. Design loads for torsional strength assessment that give torsional response equivalent to the long-term predicted values of torsional response are investigated based on the torsional moments on several container ships under the specified dominant wave condition. An appropriate combination of stress components to estimate the total hull girder stress is also discussed.     

Fatigue damage calculation for oil tanker and container ship structures

The fatigue behaviour of longitudinal stiffeners of oil tankers and container ships, subjected to dynamic loads, is analysed. The following dynamic load components are considered: hull girder vertical wave bending moment, alone and combined with the horizontal wave bending moment, hydrodynamic pressure and inertial forces caused by cargo acceleration.

The spectral method was selected to calculate the fatigue damage, based on S—N curves and Miner's rule. Following this approach, the fatigue damage may be calculated as a function of a stress parameter Ω_p, which represents the cumulative effect of wave induced loads in the unit of time and incorporates the combined effects of stress level and its occurring frequency.

Simple formulas for Ω_p of oil tankers and container ships are given, obtained from the results of hydrodynamic analyses performed on several ships, in different wave environments.

Several examples show the applicability of the methods to real ship structures. The method, however, still needs to be calibrated because of the simplifying hypotheses introduced in the loading conditions.     

超大型集装箱船纵骨屈服强度和疲劳强度的计算与分析

纵骨的屈服强度和疲劳强度对于集装箱船十分重要,在设计建造阶段准确有效地评估连接处的屈服强度和疲劳强度具有重要意义。文章基于梁系理论和S-N曲线法,根据德国船级社(GL)和法国船级社(BV)的船体结构规范,对超大型集装箱船纵骨与主要支撑构件连接处的屈服强度和疲劳强度进行校核,将结果进行比较和分析,并提出合理化建议。     

超大型集装箱船艏艉砰击强度直接计算方法

超大型集装箱船的船艏显著外飘、船艉宽平外悬,使其在恶劣海况下航行时容易发生严重的砰击。为确保船体艏艉部结构在砰击中不发生损坏,需要研究作用到艏艉外板上的砰击压力,并以此为设计载荷来校核外板和相连结构的强度。目前对集装箱船砰击局部强度的校核要求仍以经验公式为主,但是为提高对超大尺度船舶强度校核的可靠性,近年来推出了砰击的直接分析方法。本文初步分析了砰击直接分析方法的基本原理,并运用该方法对20,000 TEU集装箱船的艏、艉部砰击压力以及最小板厚要求进行了研讨,其结果可为超大型集装箱船的结构设计提供重要的参考。     

Design safety margin of a 10,000 TEU container ship through ultimate hull girder load combination analysis

Assessment of the ultimate longitudinal strength of hull girders under combined waveloads can be of particular importance especially for ships with large deck openings and low torsional rigidity. In such cases the horizontal and torsional moments may approach or exceed the vertical bending moment when a vessel progresses in oblique seas. This paper presents a direct calculation methodology for the evaluation of the ultimate strength of a 10,000 TEU container ship by considering the combined effects of structural non-linearities and steady state wave induced dynamic loads on a mid ship section cargo hold. The strength is evaluated deterministically using non-linear nite element analysis. The design extreme values of principal global wave-induced load components and their combinations in irregular seaways are predicted using a cross-spectral method together with short-term and long-term statistical formulations. Consequently, the margin of safety between the ultimate capacity and the maximum expected moment is established.     

等效波的散货船舱口角疲劳评估应力组合方法(英文)

The stress combination method for the fatigue assessment of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier was investigated based on equivalent waves.The principles of the equivalent waves of ship structures were given,including the determination of the dominant load parameter,heading,frequency,and amplitude of the equivalent regular waves.The dominant load parameters of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier were identified by the structural stress response analysis,and then a series of equivalent regular waves were defined based on these parameters.A combination method of the structural stress ranges under the different equivalent waves was developed for the fatigue analysis.The combination factors were obtained by least square regression analysis with the stress ranges derived from spectral fatigue analysis as the target value.The proposed method was applied to the hatch corner of another bulk carrier as an example.This shows that the results from the equivalent wave approach agree well with those from the spectral fatigue analysis.The workload is reduced substantially.This method can be referenced in the fatigue assessment of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier.