《海上风电场设施施工检验指南》（GD01—2020）发布

《海上风电场设施施工检验指南》以中国船级社《海上风电场设施检验指南》(GD10-2017)为依据,结合近几年来中国船级社在近海海上风电场鉴证检验项目过程中以及在往年的国内海洋工程结构物施工发证检验项目过程中积累的经验进行编制。本指南主要对海上风电场设施的海上施工过程,包括施工规划与设计、码头装船、海上运输、海上安装、海缆敷设等的检验提出技术要求。     

DNV研发海上风电场安全运营新标准

基于海上风电场的蓬勃发展，目前DNV正会同相关业界伙伴与权威机构制订一套新的安全标准，为变压器平台和安置平台提供安全规范。     

海上风电场用应急避险舱设计要求

海上风电场用应急避险舱可有效提高作业人员的工作效率和安全等级。文章阐述了海上风电场用应急避险舱的设计要求,可为相关产品的设计提供参考。     

南通沿海海上风电通航安全监控系统开发与应用研究

近年来,江苏省南通市海上风电产业发展迅猛,海上风电建设居全国领先地位。但由于海上交通环境复杂、施工作业频繁以及渔业活动影响等原因,海上风电场通航安全存在较大隐患。本文探讨了一套集成运用位置感知、气象监测、视频监控、移动互联、智能分析等手段的智能化海上风电通航安全监控系统,实现对海上风电场周边通航环境实时掌握、作业船舶和人员动态监控预警、施工运行作业综合管控等功能,以全面提升海上风电通航安全管理水平。     

海上风电场与航路安全距离

为提高海上风电场选址的科学性,保障海上风电场水域船舶的通航安全,提出一种基于船舶与风电场碰撞概率的风电场与航路安全距离界定方法。以船舶与风电场碰撞概率模型为基础,通过计算船舶在航路上航行时的碰撞概率,并根据其分布特征,结合碰撞概率可接受标准,定量获取海上风电场与航路安全距离范围。研究结果表明,海上风电场与航路安全距离和船舶平均速度、载重吨及风电场边界长度等相关:当船舶平均速度v8 kn时,安全距离的变化幅度低于5%;当v8 kn时,安全距离的变化幅度超过10%。     

海上风电场通航安全分析

海上风电场占用了较大海域,可能会对船舶的习惯航路航行造成干扰;此外,风机对船舶瞭望及通信信号有一定的遮蔽,风机自身也产生一定的电磁干扰,对船舶航行安全造成影响。对风电场水域可能存在的通航风险进行识别,并从自然环境、交通环境、风电场设计等三方面对有关风险因素进行系统分析,在此基础上提出对应的安全保障措施,有利于减少船舶碰撞风机的可能性,降低风电场海域的通航风险。     

海上升压站消防系统配置及优化

海上升压站是海上风电场的重要组成部分，相当于整个海上风电场的心脏，其位置一般处于整个海上风电场的中心。由于离岸距离较远、无人值守、电气设备集中等因素，与陆上风电场相比，其火灾发生概率更高，灭火难度更大，要严格做好海上升压站的消防系统。通过消防系统的支撑，能够进一步削减因海上自然因素而导致的风险事件，降低不良事件发生的可能性，促使海上升压站能够有效提升运行的稳定性，文章主要是从海上升压站消防系统特点要求、消防方式对海上升压站消防系统配置进行介绍，结合实际应用情况简述消防系统配置优化分析，为后续海上升压站的消防设计提供一些参考。     

《海上风电场设施检验指南(2017)》发布

<正>《海上风电场设施检验指南(2017)》制定了海上风电场主要设施的检验要求,涵盖了海上风电场开发的主要设施和各类设施的主要检验项目,共包括4章内容,分别为通则、海上风力发电机组、海上风力发电机组下部支撑结构及测风塔、海上升压站平台的检验要求。     

海上风电场营运期电子围栏警戒区域和预警机制设计

为保障海上风电场水域船舶航行和风机自身安全,对海上风电场营运期电子围栏系统3层级警戒区域划定方法和预警机制进行优化设计。通过引入船舶旋回操纵数学模型对3层级警戒区域进行量化处理,并基于船舶自动识别系统、小目标雷达和视频监控的多源船舶探测跟踪技术,优化电子围栏预警机制。实例应用表明:基于经改进优化的警戒区域和预警机制所建设的电子围栏系统可实现对船舶的高精度预警,满足海上风电场安全智慧运维的需求。     

海上风电技术特性对比分析

从海上风能开发利用的技术包括所涉及风电场建设(机组排列、安装及运输、运行监控等)、风电机组设计、并网(海上高压系统、海底电缆、岸上接入设施等)等方面,对比分析海上风电与陆上风电的技术差异,结果表明海上风电在基础安装、运营维护等方面较陆上风电要求更高、难度更大。为进一步发展海上风电提供了参考。     

东海海上风电场通航安全对策研究

作为国家级示范项目、上海市重点工程——东海海上风电场，其施工及运行安全问题倍受瞩目。现根据该项目规划，结合水域特点，对其施工和运行期间的通航安全问题进行研究，并提出对策，为今后其他海上风电项目的建设积累宝贵经验。     

Dynamic analysis of a dual-spar floating offshore wind farm with shared moorings in extreme environmental conditions

The concept of a shared mooring system was proposed to reduce mooring and anchoring costs. Shared moorings also add complexity to the floating offshore wind farm system and pose design challenges. To understand the system dynamics, this paper presents a dynamic analysis for a dual-spar floating offshore wind farm with a shared mooring system in extreme environmental conditions. First, a numerical model of the floating offshore wind farm was established in a commercial simulation tool. Then, time-domain simulations were performed for the parked wind farm under extreme wind and wave conditions. A sensitivity study was carried out to investigate the influence of loading directions and shared line mooring properties. To highlight the influence of the shared line, the results were compared to those of a single spar floating wind turbine, and larger platform motions and higher tension loads in single lines are observed for the wind farm with shared moorings. The loading direction affects the platform motions and mooring response of the floating offshore wind farm. Comparing the investigated loading directions to the 0-deg loading direction, the variation of mean mooring tension at the fairlead is up to 84% for single lines and 16% for the shared line. The influence of the shared line properties in the platform motions and the structural responses is limited. These findings improve understanding of the dynamic characteristics of floating offshore wind farms with a shared mooring system.     

海上风电场维护船船型方案研究及双体阻力性能数值分析

风能是一种清洁的可再生资源,与传统的燃煤发电相比,风力发电没有二氧化碳等一些有害气体的排放,是理想的绿色能源,其开发利用受到各国的重视。随着海上风电场的日益发展,维护问题也随之而来。海上风电场维护船是维护人员进行维护必不可少的交通工具,本文根据中国典型的海上风电塔基型式,结合风电场实际使用需要和运营条件,对双体风电维护船功能进行了分析,通过对不同的双体船型方案进行数值仿真分析,得到性能良好的双体船行方案,为中国海上风电场建造维护船船型选择奠定了一定的基础。     

风电安装船风暴自存下总体性能分析研究

随着海上风电的快速发展,风电安装船作为建设海上风电场的关键设备得到了广泛应用,由于其工作于恶劣的海洋环境中,保证其安全尤为重要。本文针对一自升式风电安装船,探讨了其在风暴自存下的载荷种类和计算方法,应用ANSYS软件建立了整体结构的有限元模型,通过施加相应的边界条件和外载荷,对其总体性能包括全船结构强度、锁紧结构承载性能、预压载性能、抗倾稳性及桩靴承载性能进行了分析。分析结果表明,风电安装船在风暴自存工况下总体性能满足使用要求。论文研究成果可为同类船型的设计分析提供参考。     

基于立体感知技术的海上风场水域交通安全监管系统

对我国海上风场水域的交通安全监管现状进行分析,提出基于立体感知技术的海上风场水域交通安全监管系统方案。对该系统的组成和架构进行设计,并在福清兴化湾风电场一期项目中对其监管效果进行测试验证。结果表明,该系统能实现较好的监管效果,该系统的提出有助于提升海上风场的安全防御能力和交通安全管理能力,为我国海上风场的建设和安全监管提供理论参考。     

半潜驳改造为坐底式风电安装船的设计及应用研究

为解决现有海上风电安装设备的不足,将原“三航工5”半潜驳改造为坐底式风电安装船,并研制了一套船体结构应力监测系统,对国内某海上风场砂性地质条件引起的冲刷和船底掏空进行监控,实际工程应用表明改造后的船舶在安全性和工效上满足坐底安装风机的要求。     

三体两栖潮间带风电运维船的概念设计

针对三体船性能特点和我国海上潮间带风电场涨潮有水、退潮无水的特殊情况，以及目前尚无出入潮间带风电场专用设备的现状，为了保证海上潮间带风电场风电机组正常运行和维护工作的实施，进行三体两栖运维船方案构思和两栖船的水陆驱动方式的确定。运用CFD软件建立三维数值水池，考虑不同侧体布局的船型方案，通过对快速性能和耐波性能的仿真计算，最终确定性能较优的船型。对三体风电维护船的船型设计和风电运营效率的提高有较大的现实意义。     

Field data observations for monitoring the impact of typhoon “In-fa” on dynamic performances of mono-pile offshore wind turbines: A novel systematic study

For offshore structures such as offshore wind turbines (OWT), typhoon is usually considered one of the most critical threats to structural safety performances and service life due to its heavy wind, wave, and even coexisted storm surge. Meanwhile, it is challenging to obtain the systematic data from the environmental conditions, structural dynamic vibrations and the SCADA record, when typhoon passes by the offshore wind farm. Taking into account these situations, a real-time multi-source monitoring system enabling the investigation of the typhoon impact on the performances of OWT, has been firstly established and implemented to a 4.0 MW mono-pile OWT in Rudong, Jiangsu, China. One of the major contributions in this work is to develop the monitoring system using a unique environment of real-world data that has been synchronously obtained from waves, winds, vibrational accelerations, inclinations of towers and SCADA data during the typhoon “In-fa” passing by the wind farm, and provide the scientific community with the underlying standards and technical recommendations. To investigate the influence caused by “In-fa”, comparison results of the measured data in the range of June to August have been analysed. It is worth noting that two conclusions have been obtained: (1) the region near the nacelle is not always the most critical vibrational area. Actually, the change of the maximum structural response in the position under different external loads should be applied to effectively evaluate the structural safety; (2) the measured accelerations exhibit an obvious decay process in the presence of the turbine rotor-stop, but not the yaw rigid-body motion. This observation promotes the accurate identification of modal parameters for the long-term monitoring. Consequently, these valuable findings to facilitate the assessment of structural operational conditions have been developed into two guide-lines. All the data and analyses presented in this paper provide a valuable insight into the design, energy efficiency, safety monitoring and damage diagnosis of OWT structures.     

Improvement in capacity factor and fatigue assessment of VLMOS for wind power generation based on navigation simulation

The very large mobile offshore structure (VLMOS) for wind power generation is one example of challenging future technologies to create a new backbone of energy resource of our country. The National Institute for Environmental Studies Japan has been studying this concept and found that increasing the capacity factor and reducing the weight of the structure are keys to make this concept successful. We investigated the navigation logic to improve the capacity factor and performed a fatigue assessment to ensure the structural safety of light weight design. Taking the knowledge on the seasonal weather condition in the Pacific Ocean into consideration, improved strategy of the VLMOS navigation for maximizing the generating power is proposed. Navigation simulations show that it is easy to achieve more than 40% capacity factor and to escape from high seas. Using wind and wave data obtained from the navigation simulations, an assessment of the fatigue damage has been performed. It is stated that the structure has enough fatigue strength for a 100 years of operation even if wind turbines get more than 40% of the capacity factor.     

Optimum routing of a sailing wind farm

To acquire the wind energy of the oceans, a sailing wind farm has been proposed. The wind farm considered is composed of a semisubmersible floating structure, 11 windmills, four sails, six thrusters, and storage for hydrogen. To maximize the acquired energy, an effective algorithm to search for optimum routes was developed. The algorithm is based on the fact that beam winds yield a maximum of acquired energy. This feature reduces the computation time, and, consequently, efficient route optimization becomes possible in a reasonable time. After setting an operational area for the wind farm, navigation simulations for a 1-year period were carried out. A numerical weather forecast was used as well as the responses of the floating structure, such as the speed of the structure, the output power of the windmills, and the time of course changes. In the simulation, the wind farm evades rough seas to avoid structural damage, and an optimum route is searched for. The capacity factor of the system was used to evaluate the efficiency of the optimized routes. From the simulations, the maximum capacity factor achieved was 42.6%. The dependency of the capacity factor on the initial position of the wind farm was also examined. It was shown that offshore from Sanriku in northeastern Japan is an area suited to the operation of the wind farm. The effect of the initial position on consecutive periods of operation is discussed.