广东

为保障十八届三中全会期间海上交通安全,维护我国重点监管水域珠江口和琼州海峡水域的通航秩序和通航环境,广东海事局南海海巡执法总队派出中国第一艘3000吨级大型海事执法船。海巡31’和海事直升机,联合湛江海事局,对珠江口、粤西海域、琼州海峡等重点水域进行海空立体全天候巡航监管,全力保障重点通航和监管水域的水上交通安全。     

东海某水域海上交通事故灰色关联分析

根据海事部门提供的海上交通事故资料,对2015-2019年东海某水域发生的海上交通事故进行统计,并对事故的特征进行分析.在此基础上,运用灰色关联分析方法对各事故类型与该水域发生的海上交通事故的关联程度进行分析,结果表明,碰撞事故与该水域发生的海上交通事故的关联程度最高.根据对碰撞事故致因的分析结果,提出相应的安全管理对策,为有关部门海上交通安全监管工作的开展提供参考.     

海上交通安全监管救助飞机配置规模

根据海上交通安全特点和需求,对海上监管救助飞机类型进行了划分,并确定了不同飞机的功能定位、适用水域和性能参数.通过分析不同类型飞机执行监管救助任务时的飞行路线,确定了飞机探测距离和有效监管救助水域面积,基于适用海域范围建立了不同飞机的配置规模数学模型.对全国沿海水域监管救助飞机配置规模做了案例分析,可作为规划海上交通安全监管救助飞机布局的理论基础.     

安庆海事局VTS系统养护维修管理的浅析

VTS系统是水上交通安全监管现代化的重要标志,被誉为“海上千里眼”,VTS系统是为保障船舶交通安全、提高水域通航效率以及保护水域环境之三大目的而建立的一种岸基设施,多年来,我国在沿海各主要港口和长江主要航段相继建立了具有一定先进技术水平的VTS系统,使我国对船舶交通安全管理具备了较高水平的硬件环境。长江VTS系统在经过十几年的建设后取得了一定的成果,提高了了长江干线船舶航行的安全、保障了水域清洁。随着这些系统相继投入使用,如何进一步管理好现有系统,提高系统的可用率和完好率,为VTS运行提供物质保障等问题,已经摆在VTS系统养护维修人员的面前,急需探索出一条VTS维护管理的新路。     

从实施《联合国海洋法公约》谈《海上交通安全法》

2008年1月5日,国务院办公厅印发国务院2008年度立法计划,《海上交通安全法》的修订工作位列其中。文中通过分析《联合国海洋法公约》赋予沿海国在海上交通安全管理方面的权利和义务,并针对我国现行《海上交通安全法》存在的部分问题,提出修改《海上交通安全法》的有关建议,以期进一步完善国内海上交通安全监管法律法规。     

浅谈港珠澳大桥建设期间水上交通安全信息化监管

港珠澳大桥所跨越的珠江口水域是我国水上运输最繁忙、船舶密度最大的水域之一，桥建设水域海面宽阔，大型船舶以及高速客船航行频繁，桥区水域船舶通航密度大通航环境极为复杂，大桥施工期间，更加重了桥区及人工岛附近水域的水上交通安全问题。为了保证大桥水域通航有序和施工顺利进行．就大桥水域的水上交通安全进行简要分析，并对大桥建设期间水上交通安全提出信息化监管方案。     

平潭海峡大桥桥区水域通航环境安全评价

通过调查平潭海峡桥区水域船舶基本情况,应用海上交通安全评价的模糊推理系统,分析桥区水域航行环境的危险度,提出有效地提高平潭海峡桥区水域船舶安全航行的建议.     

《中华人民共和国桥区水域水上交通安全管理办法》解读和实施要点探析

文中结合大桥实际监管经验,对《中华人民共和国桥区水域水上交通安全管理办法》的出台背景、主要内容进行解读,通过与现有桥区水域安全管理规定进行对比,就认真做好该办法贯彻实施工作提出相关的意见建议。     

台湾海峡VTS雷达子系统的研究

建设台湾海峡VTS，确保该水域海上交通安全是非常必要和迫切的。本文研究台湾海峡VTS雷达子系统的站址选择及设备选型，分析雷达子系统的检测性能、系统分辨力和定位精度，提出符合台湾海峡VTS总体要求的雷达子系统。     

琼州海峡船舶交通事故原因的分析与预防对策

琼州海峡是我国南方对外开放的一条海上交通要道,属我国第二条狭长的海峡通航水域。由于该水域通航环境不良,船舶航路错综复杂,通航密度大,并缺乏相应的管理手段,因此,琼州海峡也是海南辖区船舶交通事故的高发海域。本文通过对琼州海峡近十年来发生的海事情况进行分析并提出了一些预防对策,以期望同航海界同仁及与海上交通安全有关的单位共同探讨,携手采取相应的可行措施,切实改善琼州海峡的通航环境和管理手段,消除事故隐     

海上风机大直径单桩双钩翻身技术

中国海上风电是绿色能源的重要一支,现已进入大规模发展阶段,其中大直径无过渡段单桩是国内海上风电场主流基础形式。为高效、安全的进行大直径单桩施工,本文通过研究一种单台起重机双钩空中翻身的技术,采用左右大张角双钩起重机、大吨位吊梁、翻桩夹具等手段,在仅需一台大型起重设备的情况,完成了大直径单桩的翻身起重作业,提高了施工效率,降低海上风电场建造成本和安全风险。     

Improving the coexistence of offshore wind farms and shipping: an international comparison of navigational risk assessment processes

The continued growth and evolution of the offshore wind industry, and the emergence of other novel marine uses such as wave and tidal generators, have upped the ante for spatial planners, as well as consenting and approval authorities in various coastal states. These stakeholders rely on processes such as navigational risk assessments (NRAs) to balance safety and efficiency requirements and to make optimal decisions over use of space. Given the increasingly complex and crowded seascape, however, there are some apprehensions about potential shortcomings in these NRA processes. There is also some concern that these inadequacies may lead to unsafe or inefficient marine spatial use. To understand how NRA processes can be improved further, a literature review is conducted, followed by a survey of respondents who are involved in the planning, consenting and/or approval of offshore wind farms across seven different countries. A summary of the NRA processes in these seven countries is presented, and several shortcomings are identified. Based on the findings of the survey, a list of recommendations is presented to enhance existing NRA processes—and to improve the coexistence of shipping and offshore wind farms (OWFs).     

海上风电技术特性对比分析

从海上风能开发利用的技术包括所涉及风电场建设(机组排列、安装及运输、运行监控等)、风电机组设计、并网(海上高压系统、海底电缆、岸上接入设施等)等方面,对比分析海上风电与陆上风电的技术差异,结果表明海上风电在基础安装、运营维护等方面较陆上风电要求更高、难度更大。为进一步发展海上风电提供了参考。     

Experimental study on seismic vibration control of an offshore wind turbine with TMD considering soil liquefaction effect

Wind energy is clean and sustainable. Taiwan is establishing offshore wind farms using wind turbines in the Taiwan Strait. However, these are located in an earthquake-prone area with sandy seabed conditions. To ensure their safety and reliability, the turbines’ support structure must be protected against wind, waves, and seismic loads. Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are commonly employed to reduce structural vibrations. A TMD is more simply incorporated into turbine structures than are other energy dissipation devices. In this study, a 1:25-scale test model with a TMD was constructed and subjected to shaking table tests to experimentally simulate the dynamic behavior of a typical 5-MW wind turbine with a jacket-type support structure and pile foundation. The scaled-down wind turbine model has a nacelle without rotating blades; therefore, the aerodynamic and rotational effects due to the rotating blades were ignored in this study. A large laminar shear box filled with saturated sandy ground was used to simulate the typical seabed conditions of Taiwanese offshore wind farms. The TMD system was designed to be tuned the first-mode frequency of the test model. Two ground accelerations, selected by considering wind farm site condition and near-fault characteristics, were used for excitation in the test. The responses of the test model with and without the TMD system were compared, and the influence of soil liquefaction on the effectiveness of TMD vibration control was addressed.     

Calibration of safety factors for offshore wind turbine support structures using fully coupled simulations

The offshore wind industry experienced a boost during the last decade in terms of size of wind farms and rated capacity of the wind turbines: towers are getting taller and blades are getting longer, constantly facing new and complex challenges. Because of the relative immaturity of the wind industry, and the fact that the offshore design standards stemmed from the oil and gas industry, it is generally acknowledged that the reliability levels achieved, although not very well understood, might result in partial safety factors not optimal for OWT. This paper addresses this situation by studying the reliability levels delivered by the current standards and assessing the validity of the safety factors through a reliability-based code calibration. The combination of the low probability of failure imposed on the design of OWTs and the computational cost of the aero-elastic time-domain simulations brings out the need to develop new approaches for reliability analyses. In this paper, the reliability analysis is performed using a Kriging surrogate model to approximate the load-effect from the aero-elastic simulations converting expensive-to-evaluate limit state functions to explicit functions. Subsequently, a calibration of the safety factors is carried out using the probabilistic models from literature. The approach is applied to an industry-reference turbine and support structure. The results showed very low probabilities of failure for the most severe design cases and confirm that the safety factors from the IEC are mostly adequate.     

海上人员传送技术及维修船运动响应研究

随着众多大型风场陆续建成,海上风场维护问题日益突出。海上风场多选址于强风浅水海域,恶劣的海况导致维修船运动剧烈,维修人员登陆十分困难。目前国外已有研究单位针对海上风场的人员登陆问题开展研究,开发登陆船或登陆系统,旨在确保维修人员安全登陆风机。而我国关于此方面的研究几乎空白。基于此情况,文章对已有登陆系统进行了归纳总结,并通过多体水动力的算例探究登陆风机时维修船的运动规律。通过文中的研究,可以得到结论:(1)有义波高仍是限制登陆系统工作和维修人员登陆的主要因素,其决定了海上维修的有效期窗口,我们国家有必要开发新技术和新系统来保证人员登陆风机。(2)不同波浪谱对维修船运动响应的影响不可忽视,在实际工程中有必要根据海上风场的实际海况,选择合适的双峰谱来预报维修船的运动响应。(3)风机桩基础的存在与否对维修船的耐波性有影响,需要在水动力分析中考虑;但当二者间的相对距离在若干米内时,耐波性受此距离影响不大。     

Mussel and Seaweed Cultivation in Offshore Wind Farms: An Opinion Survey

German coastal regions and adjacent offshore waters are claimed for a variety of different, and often overlapping, uses. Conflicts of interest are expected to increase due to the planned construction of offshore wind farms. The development of an integrated approach combining different commercial activities, such as open ocean aquaculture and wind farming, could be a possible solution to overcome these conflicts. To illuminate existing perception and opinions on this multiple-use idea, this study examines the attitudes of representatives of eight different actor groups toward potential offshore wind farm–mariculture integration in the German North Sea. Results from our questionnaire survey show that the respondents’ attitudes toward the suggested multiple-use setting seem to be largely influenced by their general opinion toward offshore wind farms. The Fisheries actor group differs from the other questioned groups in that negative attitudes are overall predominant. This case study points to the need for a credible mechanism that more successfully integrates key actor groups, such as fisheries, into future planning and research issues.     

东海海上风电场通航安全对策研究

作为国家级示范项目、上海市重点工程——东海海上风电场，其施工及运行安全问题倍受瞩目。现根据该项目规划，结合水域特点，对其施工和运行期间的通航安全问题进行研究，并提出对策，为今后其他海上风电项目的建设积累宝贵经验。     

基于卫星的马来西亚近岸风能资源分布情况测绘研究（英文）

Development and application of offshore wind turbine farms have been increasing, particularly in the developed countries,because of their high power rating, high yield energy, high offshore wind, and unlimited space in the offshore. However, the poor data and simplistic methodologies of the previous assessments result in insufficient estimates of the wind energy potential.Thus, this study provides an assessment of the offshore wind energy resources in Malaysia using multi-mission satellite altimetry data. The satellite altimetry data was extracted from Radar Altimeter Database Systems located at GNSS and Geodynamics Laboratory, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. The data were validated by buoy measurements from two offshore sites, as indicated by the high correlation coefficient of 0.88. Further, the offshore wind energy resource mapping data in Malaysia identified three areas in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo as potential areas for offshore wind energy development.     

远海自升式风电一体化运输与安装探讨

由于远海域自然环境更为恶劣,作业窗口期更短。充分利用窗口期,提高施工效率是风机安装施工的关键。通过调研和分析国内外风机运输和安装技术现状,以1 200 t自升式风电安装船和西门子4 MW机型为研究对象,提出利用自升式平台船垂直运输塔筒、水平叠加运输叶片的运输安装一体化技术,可减少涌浪对传统工艺中运输驳船的限制,提高窗口期的利用效率,提高施工工效,适用于远海风电场的建设。