受损船体极限强度分析与可靠性评估

对预报船舶极限强度的解析公式作局部改进，使其更有效地用于评估或预报现代船舶剩余极限强度。将该方法同MVFOSM相结合，对一艘油船进行了完整船体（新建／老龄）与受损结构（搁浅／碰撞）极限总纵强度分析和可靠性评估及预报；某些结论可作为深入研究剩余强度理论或指导实船结构设计的参考。     

预报搁浅船舶船体强度的一种简化方法（一）

虽然对搁浅事故造成的破坏后果已有所了解，但可被设计者用来来评估船舶发生搁浅时船体强度的工具却非常少。本文提出了一种发生搁浅事故时预报船底强度的简化方法。船体的结构单元在船舶长度方向呈现周期性布置的特征，因此，船舶搁浅过程产生的船体变形阻力在某种程度上也是呈现纵向周期性的特征。对于船底的主结构单元，本文主要考虑以下四种破坏模式：横向结构的拉伸破坏、船底板的凹陷破坏、撕裂破坏以及蛇腹形撕裂破坏。将用于这些特定破坏模式的计算公式组合起来，建立了预报船底强度的简化方法。对照一系列大尺度搁浅试验结果以及某实际发生的搁浅事故对所提出的简化预报方法加以校核，证明所提出的预测方法是正确的。该方法最具吸引力的地方在于万一发生船舶搁浅事故时能采用这种方法通过手工计算来预报船体的强度。     

高能搁浅下双层底结构的损伤特性研究

船舶搁浅事故会引起船体破损、环境污染和人员伤亡等严重后果.研究船舶搁浅,不仅有利于海上生命安全、防止海洋污染,还可为船体结构的抗冲击设计及规范航运繁忙区域中船舶的航速、操作规程提供一定的依据.本文用数值仿真法研究了船舶高能搁浅中的内部力学问题,分析了典型双层底结构的损伤变形、受力和能量耗散等结果,提出了一种新式的抗搁浅YF双层底结构,并与原结构进行了比较.研究表明,损伤变形集中于结构与礁石相接触的区域,高能搁浅内部力学问题的研究可以主要考虑局部的船体结构;肋板的存在显著增加了船底结构的抗搁浅能力;高能搁浅过程中,由于垂直方向的接触力,礁石对双层底的垂向贯入量会略有减小;当纵桁远离搁浅区域时,它的吸能能力无法发挥,抗搁浅作用很弱;YF双层底结构比原结构具有更大的吸能能力和抗搁浅力.     

船舶碰撞和搁浅后剩余强度可靠性评估

在船舶发生碰和搁浅后,一方面是船体结构承载能力的削弱;另一方面是船舶浮态和外载荷分布的显著变化。基于这样的事实,本文给出了破缶船体外载荷和非对称弯曲极限强度分析方法,比较了基于横剖面模数和基于极限强度的剩余强度衡准,并给出了破损船体结构安全性评估的可行性方法。根据本文提出的方法,对６５０００ｔ散货船在完整状态以及碰撞和搁浅后的船体结构安全性进行了评估,并得了一些有意义的结论。     

船舶双层底结构与台形礁石碰撞能量及搁浅阻力分析

提出一套基于双层底油轮搁浅于台型礁石场景下的结构损伤变形非线性机理模型和解析计算方法,并通过数值仿真计算验证该机理模型和解析方法的准确性。在整合双层底板材变形解析计算模型和加强筋变形解析计算模型的基础上,提出的结构变形机理模型能够同时考虑船底板材和加强筋的变形模态。以双层底油轮的一个舱段作为研究对象,使用数值仿真软件LS_DYNA在较大的撞深和礁石倾角变化范围内进行仿真计算,并进行比较。研究结果表明该解析计算模型的总变形能和平均水平搁浅阻力与数值结果吻合得较好,从而验证了机理模型和解析计算方法的可靠性。研究成果可以方便地应用到双层底船舶搁浅场景的结构性能快速预报,以及船舶耐撞性能结构设计中。     

船舶搁浅研究综述

船舶搁浅事故会引起船体破损、环境污染和人员伤亡等严重后果.本文从船舶搁浅力学、搁浅频率评估和破损船体剩余强度等方面阐述了船舶搁浅领域的研究现状,分析和总结了实船事故调查、试验、数值模拟和简化解析等方法;并对今后的研究提出了建议.     

船舶搁浅研究综述

船舶搁浅事故会引起船体破损、环境污染和人员伤亡等严重后果。本文从船舶搁浅力学、搁浅频率评估和破损船体剩余强度等方面阐述了船舶搁浅领域的研究现状，分析和总结了实船事故调查、试验、数值模拟和简化解析等方法；并对今后的研究提出了建议。     

船舶结构的搁浅数值仿真研究

文章用数值仿真法研究了船舶结构搁浅中的内部力学问题,分析了典型双层底结构的损伤变形、受力和能量耗散结果。研究表明,损伤变形集中于搁浅的区域,搁浅力学问题主要考虑局部的船体结构;肋板的存在显著地增加船底结构的抗搁浅能力,使礁石的垂向贯入量会略有减小;当纵桁远离搁浅区域时,它的吸能能力无法发挥,抗搁浅作用明显削弱。     

船舶搁浅研究的现状与趋势

船舶搁浅会引发船体破损、环境污染和人员伤亡等灾难。本文从船舶搁浅力学、搁浅频率评估和破损船体剩余强度等方面阐述了船舶搁浅领域的研究现状，分析和总结了试验、数值模拟和实船事故调查等方法，并对今后的研究提出了建议和展望。     

含裂纹损伤的舱段剩余极限强度研究

在船舶服役过程中船体结构经常会受到外部载荷因素产生裂纹,而降低船舶结构的承载能力。一直以来船舶研究者对含裂纹结构的强度研究都很重视。随着船舶设计理念的不断更新和船舶建造材料的突破,有关船舶上裂纹损伤的研究也越来越多。本文使用有限元分析方法以舱段结构为研究对象,考虑结构尺寸和裂纹特征的影响,开展含裂纹损伤的舱段剩余极限强度研究,获得了相关结论。根据得到的有限元结果,基于准牛顿法(BFGS)和通用全局优化法,提出了在弯曲、扭转荷载分别作用下考虑厚度影响的含裂纹损伤下的舱段结构剩余极限强度评估公式,为具有缺陷情况下的舰船用舱段结构剩余极限强度提供评估依据。     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

Catalyzing Coastal Management in Kenya and Zanzibar: Building Capacity and Commitment

Site-based projects were initiated in Chawka Bay-Paje, Zanzibar, and Nyali-Bamburi-Shanzu, Kenya, to demonstrate the benefits of an integrated coastal management (ICM) approach for addressing coastal issues such as tourism development and enhancement of resource-dependent village economies in eastern Africa. A two-year, multidonor project used three primary strategies to make rapid, but sustainable, progress toward ICM. These included using interagency government teams for ICM planning, adopting an internationally recognized framework for ICM as a project ''road map,'' and explicitly incorporating capacity-building strategies into all aspects of the project. Within two years, integrated ICM action strategies, prepared through participatory processes, were being implemented at both sites, and both teams were working to expand the scale and scope of ICM in their nation. More importantly, the project helped create committed, capable, interagency groups that continue to work together to address urgent ICM issues.     

A simplified method for reliability- and integrity-based design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems

This paper presents a simplified method for the reliability- and the integrity-based optimal design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems. The design of structural systems is transitioning from the conventional methods, which are based on factors of safety, to more advanced methods, which require calculation of the failure probability of the designed system for each project. Using factors of safety to account for the uncertainties in the capacity (strength) or demands can lead to systems with different reliabilities. This is because the number and arrangement of components in each system and the correlation of their responses could be different, which could affect the system reliability. The generic factors of safety that are specified at the component level do not account for such differences. Still, using factors of safety, as a measure of system safety, is preferred by many engineers because of the simplicity in their application. The aim of this paper is to provide a simplified method for design of engineering systems that directly involves the system annual failure probability as a measure of system safety, concerning system strength limit state. In this method, using results of conventional deterministic analysis, the optimality factors for an integrity-based optimal design are used instead of generic safety factors to assure the system safety. The optimality factors, which estimate the necessary change in average component capacities, are computed especially for each component and a target system annual probability of system failure using regression models that estimate the effect of short and long term extreme events on structural response. Because in practice, it is convenient to use the return period as a measure to quantify the likelihood of extreme events, the regression model in this paper is a relationship between the component demands and the annual probability density function corresponding to every return period. This method accounts for the uncertainties in the environmental loads and structural capacities, and identifies the target mean capacity of each component for maximizing its integrity and meeting the reliability requirement. In addition, because various failure modes in a structural system can lead to different consequences (including damage costs), a method is introduced to compute optimality factors for designated failure modes. By calculating the probability of system failure, this method can be used for risk-based decision-making that considers the failure costs and consequences. The proposed method can also be used on existing structures to identify the riskiest components as part of inspection and improvement planning. The proposed method is discussed and illustrated considering offshore mooring systems. However, the method is general and applicable also to other engineering systems. In the case study of this paper, the method is first used to quantify the reliability of a mooring system, then this design is revised to meet the DNV recommended annual probability of failure and for maximizing system integrity as well as for a designated failure mode in which the anchor chains are the first components to fail in the system.     

含裂纹钢板复合材料修补强度和刚度数值分析

用ANSYS有限元分析软件对复合材料补片修复含边裂纹和中心裂纹钢板的强度和刚度进行了数值分析.引入相对刚度的概念,研究了钻有止裂孔裂纹的长度对损伤钢板相对刚度的影响,分析了损伤钢板刚度复合材料贴片修补效果;引入屈服载荷提高率的概念,分析了损伤钢板强度的修复效果.     

舰艇反鱼雷技术

对目前舰艇反鱼雷技术中的非杀伤、软杀伤和硬杀伤等比较先进的手段进行了阐述,并在此基础上分析研究了舰艇反鱼雷技术的发展趋势。     

混凝土道路、堆场面层裂缝的产生与防治

从混凝土道路、堆场的各个结构层分析裂缝产生的原因,并针对性地说明预防措施,阐述裂缝维修方法。     

利比亚米苏拉塔市萨瓦瓦区5000套住宅项目中心区设计

从确定符合项目实际情况的设计原则入手,通过利比亚米苏拉塔市萨瓦瓦住宅区中心区总体布局和建筑设计两个方面的设计实践,探讨了"传统、现代与文脉"这一当今时代无法回避的文化议题。并且针对具有鲜明文化、宗教和气候特征的建筑设计的特点、方法与风格进行了总结,为今后的实践提供借鉴。     

Community-Based Management for Sustainable Fisheries Resources in Phang-nga Bay,Thailand

Fishing communities, the Government of Thailand Department of Fisheries, local nongovermnental organizations, universities, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and FAO's Bay of Bengal Program have undertaken a partnership in management of Phang-nga Bay's coastal resources. It is the first project of its kind in Thailand, and although still in the early stages, offers insights that may contribute to our knowledge of how we can improve our management of coastal resources, including the importance of (1) building relationships within the governance process; (2) combining education, enforcement, and economic incentives to achieve compliance; (3) implementing solutions early; and (4) government support of community-based decisions. These insights reinforce trends emerging in other coastal management projects in the Asian region.