超声冲击处理对5083铝合金焊接接头残余应力的影响

为了分析5083铝合金焊接接头残余应力分布和减少铝合金焊接接头残余拉应力,采用超声冲击处理技术对焊接接头进行处理,使用X射线衍射仪测试焊接接头冲击前后表面的残余应力.结果表明:纵向残余应力在焊缝起点和终点附近趋于零应力状态,中间稳定区为较大的拉应力;在近焊缝中心两侧为较大的拉应力,远离焊缝的两端为较小的压应力.经过超声冲击处理后的焊接接头,冲击区域的残余应力由较大的拉应力转变为压应力,随着冲击强度的增加,冲击区域表面的压应力也逐渐增大,当冲击强度大于2.0 s/cm~2后,冲击产生的压应力值最终在220 MPa处波动;只冲击焊趾也可以降低焊趾和焊缝的残余应力,但与全覆盖冲击相比,焊缝的残余应力下降程度较小;随着抛光深度的增加,超声冲击引入的压应力逐渐减小,在抛光深度达到2 mm后,冲击后的焊缝残余应力和未冲击处理的残余应力保持一致.     

超声冲击处理对高强钢焊接接头残余应力影响的数值模拟

超声冲击处理(UIT)是一种有效的焊后改善焊接接头疲劳性能的工艺措施,其借助机械撞击和超声振动的共同作用,使焊趾表面产生塑性变形从而引入有益的压缩残余应力。为评价UIT技术对焊接接头残余应力的影响,该文提出了一套新的数值分析方法,包括焊接数值模拟及随后的超声冲击处理过程的动态弹塑性有限元分析。在有限元模型中考虑了实际的工艺参数和超声促成的材料软化效应。以船用高强钢AH36非承载十字焊接接头为研究对象,将预测的超声冲击处理前后的残余应力分布与实验结果进行对比,两者有较好的吻合。在此基础上,探讨了静态预载荷对超声冲击处理态残余应力再分布的影响。     

5083铝合金T型接头焊接残余应力分布及超声冲击处理工艺研究

为了获得5083铝合金T型接头焊接残余应力分布和减少焊接残余拉应力,文中采用X射线衍射法对8 mm和4 mm两种T型接头进行残余应力测试,分析了不同的冲击强度对8 mm T型接头残余应力的影响,并采用优化后的冲击强度处理4 mm T型接头,结果表明:两种接头底板和腹板上的纵向残余应力在近缝区均为较大的拉应力,随着远离焊趾残余应力逐渐减小,最后趋于无应力状态;4 mm T型接头近缝区的残余应力小于8 mm T型接头.采用4.0 s/cm~2冲击强度处理8 mm T型接头焊缝,冲击效果较好,在焊趾产成的压缩应力相对均匀;4 mm T型接头焊缝冲击处理前,底板背面的纵向残余应力整体上呈"几"型分布,超声冲击处理焊缝和焊趾后,没有被冲击处理的底板背面的残余应力整体上变成"M"型分布,纵向残余应力的平均应力值由163MPa降低到58MPa.     

焊接残余应力对灰铸铁焊接冷裂纹的影响

采用灰铸铁试样,以焊接冷裂纹三要素中的拘束应力和组织结构为研究方向,采用直Y型坡口焊接裂纹试验法,研究了焊接残余应力对灰铸铁焊接冷裂纹的影响.研究结果表明:焊后通过对焊缝进行全覆盖超声冲击,一方面可以大幅度改善焊接结构的残余应力,经超声冲击处理后的试样焊缝测量点的残余应力σ1分别为-53MPa、-57MPa,σ2分别为-37MPa、-80MPa;另一方面可以加速焊缝石墨球化过程,消除半熔化区白口组织.因此焊后合理的超声冲击处理能够从拘束应力和淬硬组织两方面抑制焊接结构冷裂纹的产生.超声冲击处理减少焊接残余应力的效果和热处理相似.     

超声冲击方式对焊接接头表面残余应力的影响

以12 mm厚Q235焊接试板为研究对象,采用不同超声冲击方式对其处理,并利用盲孔法研究超声冲击方式对接头表面残余应力的影响.研究结果表明:焊缝内部道层冲击的方式可以有效降低接头表面残余应力;各层均冲击的方式可以进一步降低接头表面残余应力,残余应力呈现较小的拉、压应力状态;焊后表面冲击的方式在高冲击强度下可以在表面形成较大的压应力.     

高强钢焊接接头超声冲击效果对比试验研究

文章采用高强度钢对接焊试板,分别开展超声冲击前后残余应力变化和低周疲劳寿命的对比试验研究。试验结果表明:经过超声冲击处理后,焊缝区的残余应力从焊后的拉伸残余应力转化为压缩残余应力,焊接试样的低周疲劳寿命有显著提高,平均提高30%以上,试验验证了超声冲击技术在改善残余应力和提高疲劳寿命上的实用性和有效性。     

超声冲击处理改善焊接接头疲劳性能的数值研究

超声冲击处理(UIT)作为一种有效的焊后改善焊接接头疲劳性能的工艺措施,近年来在国内外船舶行业受到了广泛关注。为评价UIT技术对焊接接头疲劳强度的影响,提出一套新的数值分析方法,包括焊接数值模拟、超声冲击处理过程的弹塑性动态有限元分析,以及基于断裂力学的疲劳强度评估。在有限元模型中考虑了实际的工艺参数和超声促成的材料软化效应。以非承载十字焊接接头为研究对象,将预测的超声冲击处理前后的残余应力分布及疲劳强度与实验结果进行对比,两者吻合较好。     

超声冲击消除高强钢焊接残余应力的数值模拟研究

焊接残余应力会对结构的力学特性带来不利的影响,而超声冲击能较有效地消除大型焊接结构残余拉应力,起到大幅增加结构疲劳强度的作用。该文首先采用热弹塑性方法对超声冲击前的高强钢平板焊接残余应力进行分析,然后采用瞬态动力学方法对焊接残余应力的超声冲击消除进行三维仿真研究,最后对超声冲击前后残余应力的数值计算结果与试验结果进行对比分析研究。由分析结果可知:超声冲击前高强钢平板焊缝附近存在较大的残余拉应力,呈双峰分布;超声冲击后较大的残余拉应力转化为残余压应力;数值模拟结果与试验结果相一致。并且,平板厚度方向的应力经过超声冲击后表现为应力的均匀化。文中研究结果可为高强钢大型焊接结构超声冲击消除残余应力进行合理评估和后续进行相关力学特性研究提供理论基础和技术支撑。     

复杂结构焊接残余应力超声冲击处理调控

为降低焊接结构残余应力,提高构件性能和服役安全性,提出超声冲击处理调控焊接残余应力的方法。通过综述国内外学者对超声冲击处理的研究现状,分析超声冲击对复杂焊接结构应力影响的案例。分析结果表明:超声冲击能在冲击区造成2～4 mm压缩应力层;压缩应力峰值达到屈服强度的0. 8～1. 3倍;超声冲击对横向和纵向应力的调控效果一致。     

超声冲击法改善高强钢焊接接头的疲劳性能

焊接接头的疲劳强度远低于母材 ,大量试验表明疲劳裂纹主要起源于接头焊趾处。使用超声冲击法处理接头 ,以改变焊趾区几何形状、消除焊趾缺陷、调整焊趾区残余应力场 ,是改善焊接接头及结构疲劳强度的一种有效方法。利用自行研制的超声冲击装置 ,采用两种接头形式 (纵向角接接头和对接接头 )进行了 SS80 0高强钢原始焊态与超声冲击处理态的疲劳对比试验 ,结果表明 :( 1 )双面焊对接接头焊态试件的疲劳强度Δσ ( 2× 1 0 6 )为 1 5 0 MPa;单面焊对接焊态试件的疲劳强度Δσ ( 2× 1 0 6 )为 1 3 2 MPa;纵向角接焊态试件的疲劳强度Δσ ( 2× 1 0 6 )为 98MPa。 ( 2 )超声冲击处理态单面焊双面成型试件与原始焊态试件相比 ,疲劳强度提高 1 3 2 %左右 ,疲劳寿命延长了 48～ 1 3 2倍 ;双面焊接对接超声冲击处理态试件与原始焊态试件相比 ,疲劳强度提高95 %左右 ,疲劳寿命延长了 2 2～ 62倍 ;纵向角接接头超声冲击处理试件与原始焊态试件相比 ,疲劳强度提高1 73 %左右 ,疲劳寿命延长了 3 2～ 70倍。 ( 3 )超声冲击处理技术能够大幅度改善高强钢焊接接头的疲劳性能     

A design method of tensile triangles and low transformation temperature weld metal for reduction of stress concentration and residual stress of welded joints

Stress concentration and residual stress have a significant influence on fatigue life of welded joints. In order to reduce the stress concentration of welded joints, a mathematical design method of tensile triangles (MTT) based on bionics was applied to weld shape design. Accordingly, the stress concentration of various weld beads in the corner boxing welded joint and the fillet welded T-joint was dissected using our in-house FEM software JWRIAN. It was found that there existed a large stress concentration in the conventional welded joints, whereas those welded joints with elongated weld bead were accompanied by a lower stress concentration, especially for elongated weld bead with MTT design. Furthermore, among the weld shapes of the corner boxing fillet welded joint, the rectangle shape of weld bead had the minimum stress concentration factor (1.05). For the fillet welded T-joint with MTT design, the stress concentration of weld toe decreased dramatically with the increase of the index of designed shape, but there was a minor difference of stress concentration at weld root between the weld beads with MTT design. In addition, application of low transformation temperature (LTT) weld metal utilizing martensitic transformation to the fillet welded T-joints can produce compressive residual stress at weld toe.     

Stress magnification effect of initial deformation on the notch stress field and fatigue strength of thin plate welded joints

Compared with thick plate welded joint, the welding joint of thin plate will produce initial deformation due to its low bending rigidity. The existence of initial deformation will cause the welded structure to produce secondary bending effect, which will produce greater stress magnification effect at the weld toe and seriously affect the fatigue strength of thin plate welded joints. Therefore, based on the correction formula of thick plate, considering the influence of initial deformation and geometric nonlinearity of thin plate, this paper deduces the stress magnification factor formula at the weld toe of T-shaped and cruciform specimens. The accuracy of the revised formula is further verified by comparing the notch stress calculated by the modified formula with the FE results. Finally, the modified formula is applied to the notch stress and fatigue evaluation of typical thin plate welded joints respectively. The results show that the proposed notch stress calculation formula can fully consider the stress amplification effect of thin plate structure, and can be used to quickly evaluate the notch stress field and fatigue strength of thin plate welded joints.     

Fatigue strength improvement for ship structures by Ultrasonic Peening

Ultrasonic Peening has attracted recent attention as a fatigue strength improvement method. The main features of Ultrasonic Peening are generation of compressive residual stress and smoothing of weld toe radius. However, for ship structures, various loads act on the hull structure over a ship??s life, including the construction period, and the compressive stress field of structural members generated by Ultrasonic Peening may change. In order to verify the technique's benefits to ship structures, the influence of load history on the improvement effects on fatigue strength by Ultrasonic Peening needs to be clarified. In this paper, the improvement effects on fatigue strength by Ultrasonic Peening for welding joints were confirmed by experiments with several joint type specimens. In addition, fatigue tests modeling launching, when the stress conditions of a ship's structure changes significantly, were carried out in order to clarify the influence of load history in a ship??s life. Consequently, some cases that have the possibility of decreasing or increasing the improvement effects on fatigue strength by Ultrasonic Peening were clarified, and some efficient methods of Ultrasonic Peening for ship structures were suggested.     

一种新的海洋平台管节点应力评估方法

海洋工程焊接管节点受应力集中及复杂随机载荷的联合作用,容易发生疲劳破坏。为了提高焊接管节点结构疲劳寿命预测的准确性,文章以管壁厚方向上的一点作为疲劳评估点,提出了一种新的管节点结构应力计算方法。通过与国际上公开发表的疲劳试验数据进行比较,证明了文中方法应用于管节点结构的可行性及考虑壁厚方向应力梯度的有效性。基于数值计算,文中还提出了可用于T型管节点应力集中系数计算的参数公式,并对参数公式的精度进行了验证。     

大型核电厚壁结构X射线衍射法残余应力测试

采用X射线衍射法（ XRD）对大型核电厚壁结构堆芯板端面、堆芯板与吊篮筒体环焊缝焊前焊后残余应力进行无损测量。研究堆芯板端面、环焊缝焊前焊后残余应力的分布情况及变化规律。结果表明：堆芯板焊前残余应力主要是机加工应力,且焊接过程对其残余应力影响不大;1＃和2＃堆芯板环焊缝轴向残余应力分布趋势明显,呈现焊缝为压应力,母材为拉应力;测试的环向应力在各区域分布不一致;焊接对远离焊缝区域的应力没有影响,远离焊缝区域呈现较大的加工应力。     

典型船舶焊接接头应力集中系数有限元分析

利用MSC/Patran and MSC/Nastran对焊接中常见的对接接头焊趾处的应力集中系数进行有限元建模和计算,在分析有限元计算结果的基础上,提出比较完整的估算焊接接头应力集中系数公式。     

Size effect on residual stress in low transformation temperature welded joints

It has been reported that low transformation temperature (LTT) weld metals are beneficial to generation of compressive residual stress around weld zone. In this study, the relationship among residual stress, size effect of LTT welded joints with different plate width and thickness as well as martensite start (Ms) temperatures was investigated by experimental and finite-element analysis. It was found that heat dissipation and thermal expansion coefficient of LTT weld metal had a significant impact on residual stress. Welded joint with a small plate width led to greater compressive residual stresses in the LTT weld, which was due to the lower heat dissipation and smaller thermal expansion coefficient of the LTT weld metal in due course of cooling process. Additionally, the finite-element analysis revealed that increasing plate width mainly affected the longitudinal residual stress, while increasing the plate thickness influenced all the residual stress components in the LTT weld. Furthermore, the LTT weld with a lower Ms temperature of 191 °C resulted in greater compressive residual stresses, and was less sensitive to the LTT joint size, as against the Ms temperature of 398 °C.     

等效热点应力法结合临界面法评估焊接接头多轴疲劳强度研究

基于焊缝本身引起的非线性分布应力自平衡的性质,在板厚方向应力峰值零点位置定义等效热点应力,结合基于临界面法的MWCM法建立评估复杂焊接接头多轴疲劳强度的方法。采用数值计算分析零点位置的变化规律,建立零点位置拟合方程。利用公开发表的试验数据以及现有的热点应力法有限元计算结果对等效热点应力法进行精度验证。结果表明,等效热点应力法和现有的热点应力法具有很好的一致性,能在一定程度上考虑厚度效应对疲劳强度的影响,可以评估多轴疲劳强度。     

交变载荷下厚板对接焊残余应力的松弛行为

对于承受交变载荷的焊接构件,焊接残余应力的存在对于结构的疲劳寿命影响巨大。由于焊接残余应力形成机理的复杂性,当交变载荷作用时,焊接残余应力的松弛演变具有不确定性,导致该领域的研究难度相当大。迄今为止,鲜有文献就交变载荷下的厚板焊接残余应力松弛行为进行深入报道。采用低周疲劳试验,利用X射线残余应力测试仪,对试件表面焊接残余应力的松弛演变行为进行追踪研究,通过在试件表面近焊缝区布置网状测点,采集测点的横向及纵向焊接残余应力进行数据拟合,在试验对比修正的基础上,最终建立焊接残余应力的松弛演变模型。结果表明：在交变载荷作用下,焊接残余应力会发生松弛,并且,应力松弛量的大小与交变载荷的特征值大小紧密相关。