伦敦国际航运服务集群的直接教育和研究支持分析

从伦敦保持国际金融中心和国际航运中心地位的关键组成——伦敦国际航运服务集群出发，分析为其提供全球领先和专业知识的航运服务教育和研究，并以提供直接教育和研究支持的英国两所院校之一——伦敦城市大学卡斯商学院为重点，为我国建设和发展国际航运中心提供有益的指导和借鉴。     

伦敦航运金融业务和政策借鉴

为了更好地推动上海国际航运中心和国际金融中心的建设,以伦敦航运和金融中心为参考,分析伦敦航运金融运作模式,包括航运金融业务内容,航运中心和金融中心的发展历程、现状,以及航运服务中心与金融服务中心的相互关系。总结伦敦航运金融运作对上海航运和金融中心发展的启示:完善航运服务与金融服务体系,发挥政府主导作用;增强金融创新能力,提高我国航运价格衍生品竞争力;建立健全我国相关法律,与国际接轨。     

基于伦敦国际航运中心的航运服务教育培训研究

从伦敦国际航运中心的世界地位出发，通过对伦敦及以外地区提供航运服务教育研究的主要院校以及提供航运服务培训研讨的职业机构的分析，提出伦敦保持国际航运中心的关键力量是英国拥有全球领先、特色鲜明的培养高学历、高质量人才的航运服务教育。     

上海国际航运中心应发力“软件”集群

综观国际经验,现代航运服务业的发展不是仅靠投资拉动的,而主要是靠产业集群效应所推动,航运服务技术、产品、市场通过产业集群的方式产生聚集效应。世界著名的国际航运中心也都是著名的国际航运服务中心,它们不仅具有完善的航运服务体系和健全的航运市场,而且有服务于航运业的信息系统,对航运业的发展起到了促进作用。     

伦敦国际航运服务的推广策略研究

<正>作为国际航运中心的伦敦,2008年其航运服务为英国经济贡献了21亿英镑的海外收入和提供了15600个工作岗位。伦敦依然是为国际航运界提供专业服务的全球领先中心:融资、保险、经纪、法律、会计、检验、教育和出版,在国际航运服务市场上仍然占据举足轻重的地位(见下表)。     

上海航运服务集聚区建设策略

为推动上海国际航运中心建设,分析上海港的发展现状,认为上海在航运服务方面有所欠缺,需要通过建立航运服务集聚区来发展其高端航运服务,提高竞争力水平,并以伦敦的航运服务体系为样本,结合上海自身的地域条件,依托产业集群理论,从航运服务体系建设、人才培育、软环境建设等方面提出建立上海港航运服务集聚区发展策略,并对上海港航运服务集聚区辅助功能建设提出建议。     

上海市现代航运服务业发展对策

为促进上海国际航运中心软环境建设，通过对现代航运服务业基本内涵与构成论述．结合当前上海市现代航运业发展现状及其与伦敦、香港等世界著名国际航运中心航运服务业比较分析，指出当前上海现代航运服务业发展存在的主要问题，提出相关发展对策：（1）加快建设航运服务集聚区；（2）政府积极实行产业倾斜政策及配套实施；（3）完善航运服务产业链，重点发展高附加值海事服务产业；（4）加强海事服务产业集群发展形态和制度建设；（5）构筑专业人才高地，培养与实践结合的高层次航运人才：     

上海国际航运中心未来发展思考

正未来30年的发展模式是:长三角港口发展一体化和质的全面提高+国际航运+国内航运+国际跨境海铁联运+国内多式联运+国际航运服务+国内航运服务+长三角游轮(游船)产业集群+自由贸易试验区体制机制实施、完善、再创新,区域重点是以上海为中心的长三角全面建设航运中心     

上海国际航运中心建设与金融服务业

上海建设国际航运中心已经进入了全面推进阶段。上海国际航运中心应包括以下内容：适应大型化船舶的深水航道和深水港；一流的航运交易市场；东亚最大的物流中心和国际集装箱枢纽港；符合国际惯例的自由港制度；服务完善的国际航运环境，包括政策法律环境，船舶服务环境，金融服务环境，航运市场环境。     

英国海事服务教育集群现状与启示

英国优秀的海事服务教育集群为伦敦长期保持国际航运中心地位提供了有力的人才支撑。分别对英国海事金融与保险、海事经纪与法律、海事安全与政策以及生僻海事领域等方面的海事服务教育集群进行阐述和分析,总结其具有布局全面、层次清晰、面向国际,引领未来的特点。在此基础上提出破解我国海事服务教育难题的关键举措是扩大专业布局、增设研究中心、加强留学资助、引进行业专家,以期为航运强国建设提供有益的决策支持。     

发展现代航运服务体系,打造上海国际航运中心

发展航运服务业,建设上海国际航运中心,就要打造健全完善的现代航运服务体系,在形成航运产业集群的基础上,发展融合衍生的新型、高端航运服务业。     

UK tonnage tax: subsidy or special case?

Following the introduction of tonnage tax for UK-based shipping companies in 2000, the industry now has the opportunity to opt for a tax regime that is beneficial in contrast to the corporation tax applied to most other sectors. This paper aims to summarize the tonnage tax scheme and then to go on to assess whether its introduction was appropriate. In doing so, it assesses whether the benefits it brings to the UK shipping industry are in fact fiscally justifiable in terms of the advantages that have been suggested recently by a number of commentators. These are claimed to derive from the comparative advantage of the UK shipping industry, the need for more skilled on-shore shipping staff with sea-going experience, and in terms of sustaining the maritime cluster typified by the maritime activities of the City of London.     

我国水上飞机的海事管理对策与建议

深圳将开通国内首个水上飞行航线直飞广州、香港和澳门。目前,我国没有开展水上飞机民用业务,相关海上安全管理方面依然处于空白。文中通过分析水上飞机特点、相关国际公约和国内法律法规,研究提出我国水上飞机海事管理的相关对策和建议。     

Clustering and performance: the case of maritime clustering in The Netherlands

Over the last years, the concept of clustering has become a central concept for analysing the competitiveness of nations, industries and firms. The cluster concept can be usefully applied to study clustering of maritime activities. Maritime activities, such as shipping, shipbuilding and port and maritime services, are clearly geographically concentrated in a number of maritime clusters. Due to ongoing internationalization in these industries, the concentration of maritime activities in clusters is likely to increase. This observation leads to two important research questions: what are the advantages for firms to locate in clusters and what factors influence the development of maritime clusters? This study identifies four agglomeration economies that attract firms to cluster: a joint labour pool, a broad supplier and customer base, knowledge spillovers, and low transaction costs. Furthermore, it discusses the effects of aspects of the cluster structure, being the presence of internal competition, the heterogeneity of the cluster population, the entry and exit barriers, and the presence of (above mentioned) agglomeration effects. It also briefly discusses the important issue of cluster governance. This overview allows one to develop a theoretical framework to analyse clusters. In the empirical part, this framework is applied to the maritime cluster in The Netherlands. Based on empirical data, from surveys amongst firms in the maritime cluster, studies commissioned by the Dutch maritime Network and regional statistics, the presence of agglomeration economies in the cluster is shown. Secondly, it is shown that the cluster structure is beneficial for the performance. This paper finishes with conclusions and suggestions for further research.     

The impacts of maritime piracy on global economic development: the case of Somalia

This paper investigates the impacts of maritime piracy on global economic development. Calibrated with data between 2003 and 2008, we model shipping demands and competition in the Far East-Europe container liner shipping service and investigate the economic welfare loss effects due to reduced volumes of trade and shipping, as well as efficiency loss due to geographical re-routing of shipping networks which would be otherwise uneconomical. The substantial economic loss simulated from our model indicates that, even from purely the perspective of economic interests, more efforts from the international community should be dedicated to tackle maritime piracy.     

海商法的统一化——现状、问题与对策

海商法是随着航海贸易的发展而产生和完善起来的。它的国际性决定了其发展呈现一个总的趋势和原则——海商法的统一化。以国际公约、国际惯例、示范规则等形式表现的国际统一海商法在具有全方位、多领域、内容前瞻性等特点的同时,也存在大统一、小分散、法律冲突仍旧突出等问题。采用“默示承诺程序”,充分发挥海事国际组织的规范协调作用、利用统一冲突法等对策可以弥补缺陷。     

未来国际海事公约的发展趋势与影响

国际海事公约呈现出新的发展趋势,这些新的发展趋势必将对世界海事活动产生直接的影响。文中首先介绍了目前国际海事公约的发展情况,分析了未来国际海事公约的发展趋势及其对世界各国的影响,最后提出了我国应对未来国际海事公约的几点建议。     

Some properties of international maritime statistics

This paper tests two fundamental hypotheses concerning international maritime statistics. The first one deals with the question of stationary of the maritime market statistics. The second hypothesis tested is the assumption that the international maritime statistical time series are not distributed according to a normal of Guassian probability law, but rather belong to the same family of distributions with distinctly different critical parameters. Through well documented statistical methods, the paper concludes that the international freight rates observed on a day to day basis are generated by a random walk process. The paper finds that the shipping industry's conventioal wisdom is essentially correct. 'Last done' is as good a forecast of tomorrow's freight rate as any other generated by more sophisticated forecasting methods. Furthermore, freight rates and secondhand tonnage prices fluctuate closely together. The freight rates are generated by stochastic processes fully described by the Paretian family of distributions. The critical parameters of these distribution, the characteristic exponents, are such that the risk conscious ship operator can indeed reduce his exposure to risk by securing a correct set of freight rate contracts.     

海事赔偿责任限制的法律适用

由于各国关于海事赔偿责任限制的法律规定不一样,因此,在涉外海事赔偿责任限制法律关系中就需要进行法律选择,以确定所应适用的法律。国际社会关于海事赔偿责任限制的法律适用主要有适用法院地法、适用侵权行为地法、适用船旗国法、适用最密切联系原则几种立法模式,中国《海商法》关于海事赔偿责任限制的法律适用宜规定为:海事赔偿责任限制适用船旗国法,若海事赔偿责任限制与其他国家的法律有更密切联系,则适用其他国家的法律。