壁厚所致几何不连续性对卷管法安装管道的影响

对于深水管道,止屈器起到了很好的防止屈曲传播的作用,但是在卷管法安装中,管道在上卷和退卷的过程中将产生塑性变形,而由于止屈器导致的管道壁厚几何不连续性将使局部管段的变形增大,可能加剧塑性变形的影响。针对这个问题,建立ABAQUS非线性有限元模型模拟管道安装过程,研究上述问题对卷管、铺管中管道性能的影响并作参数敏感性分析。结果表明:壁厚所致几何不连续性的存在导致卷管安装时管道局部曲率和应变明显增大;增加回拉力可降低上述不连续性的影响,但管道残余椭圆度也将增加;增大卷筒半径或减小管道直径将使不连续性的影响降低;增大管道壁厚可降低不连续性的影响,但会增加建造成本。文章研究结论可为卷管法安装中管道设计提供理论指导。     

卷管铺设过程的时域动力分析

卷管法是海底管道铺设中的一种重要方法,由于其铺设过程涉及很多装备,因而管道的受力过程复杂。管道的上卷过程会使管道发生塑性变形并引起残余曲率,上卷过程造成的变形需要在退卷过程中进行校直,这个过程中的缠绕和校直引起的塑性变形,对管线造成的损伤不可忽视。首先介绍卷管式铺管法的铺设原理,然后利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS模拟管道上卷和退卷的动态过程,最后研究卷管铺设上卷和退卷过程中管道的轴向应变历史和应力应变关系以及管道弯曲曲率、截面椭圆率变化历史。结果表明,管道在经过卷筒、校准器、校直器时产生很大的弯曲曲率和截面椭圆率。     

深水海底管道止屈器设计研究

随着水深的增加,深水海底管道由于外压导致压溃、屈曲及屈曲传播的可能性大大增加.深水海管设计中,通常采用止屈器来控制海管由于较大的外压可能造成的压溃及屈曲传播.止屈器的主要作用是:在管道受外压的条件下,一旦发生压溃屈曲并发生屈曲传播时,将屈曲传播的破坏限制在一定管道长度范围内.该文进行了深水海底管道止屈器设计研究,并基于有限元模型进行了管道的屈曲和屈曲传播分析.     

海底管道整体式止屈器模型试验与数值模拟

整体式止屈器是一种必备的海洋工程装置,它在阻止海底管道屈曲传播和保证海底管道安全运行方面发挥着重要的作用,而穿越压力是其设计和安装的重要的技术参数。为了得到更准确的计算结果,采用模型试验和数值模拟的方法,对整体式止屈器穿越压力公式重新进行设计。将得到的计算公式与其他经典计算方法进行对比,验证了穿越压力计算的准确性,它对整体式止屈器的工程设计和建造具有指导意义。     

钢丝绳卷筒强度试验台的研制

1 前言 过去,起重机上所用的钢丝绳卷筒是按铸造卷筒的强度设计的,一般是根据经验,把卷筒的壁厚选成和钢丝绳的直径一样.但是随着技术的发展和新材料、新工艺的应用,这种方法就显得很落后了.目前薄壁圆筒技术日趋成熟.但是薄壁圆筒研究的对象是压力容器、输送管道.     

用于水力式升船机的大型超厚卷筒设计

传统设计方法通过增加壁厚来提高卷筒强度,给制造带来很大的难度。依据升船机卷筒在实际运行中的受力特征,提出一种新的卷筒壁厚设计方法,将绳槽按环向加强筋来考虑,使卷筒壁厚设计更合理。通过计算和有限元分析验证了该设计方法下卷筒强度和变形的可靠性,为进一步改进设计方法提供参考。     

锻钢钻孔冷却气缸盖在低速柴油机中的应用

柴油机热力参数提高后,机械负荷和热负荷相应增大。几何相似的两台柴油机只要它们的爆发压力相同,其受热零件的机械应力根据相似理论应该一一对应相等,但热应力却与气缸直径的平方成正比。气缸直径增大后,为了不使热应力急剧增长,若使受热零件的受热面壁厚保持不变     

复合材料立管抗屈曲能力的提高方法

为探究提高复合材料立管抗面压屈曲能力的方法,研究复合材料结构参数对复合材料立管抗面压屈曲能力的影响,发现铺层数和铺层角对其抗面压屈曲能力有较大影响,然后对复合材料立管增加止屈器,结果表明止屈器可以较大幅度提高抗面压屈曲能力。研究结果可为今后研究复合材料立管抗屈曲能力提供一定的指导。     

港口起重机钢丝绳传动件高性能技术研究

针对港口起重机设计及使用部门普遍关注的钢丝绳与滑轮的合理选配问题和焊接卷筒壁厚的减薄 问题,从失效机理和设计理论研究出发,经过钢丝绳与滑轮的疲劳磨损试验和卷筒强度、稳定性原型试验,提出了 钢丝绳与滑轮的最佳选配原则和焊接卷筒壁厚的减薄理论与方法。经初步应用证明,采用上述原则与方法,可显 著改善钢丝绳与滑轮的综合匹配效果,并使卷筒壁厚比传统设计方法减薄20%～30%。     

复合材料立管抗屈曲能力的提高方法

由于复合材料具有高比强度、设计性强、扰腐蚀性能好等优点,而广泛应用于海洋立管中,但是复合材料立管设计还不够成熟。本文为探究提高复合材料立管抗面压屈曲能力的方法,研究了复合材料结构参数对复合材料立管抗面压屈曲能力的影响,发现铺层数和铺层角对其抗面压屈曲能力有较大影响。其后对复合材料立管增加止屈器,结果表明止屈器可以较大幅度提高其抗面压屈曲能力。对今后研究复合材料立管抗屈曲能力提供一定的指导意义。     

考虑铺设残余变形影响的管道屈曲分析

文章基于壳单元建立了精细的托管架—管道相互作用模型,模拟了S型管道铺设过程,研究了铺设过程中管道的塑性变形分布,评价了铺设残余塑性变形对管道屈曲压力的影响。研究结果表明在深水S型铺设中,管道会发生明显残余塑性变形,并削弱管道的后续屈曲承载能力。     

FEM-based evaluation of friction and initial imperfections effects on sandwich pipes local buckling

Sandwich pipes have been studied as one option to overcome the high pressure problems in deep and ultra-deep waters. They have become a possible alternative solution for submarine infrastructure due to its thermal insulation capacity. This contribute to preventing the pipeline from clogging due to the difference in temperature between reservoir fluids and water at the bottom of the sea. The pipelines in ultra-deepwater are continually exposed to severe operating conditions, such as the effect of high levels of external pressure that can cause local deformation or even collapse of the pipe. Thus, a greater understanding of the mechanical behavior of sandwich pipes is required. This paper presents a FEM-based evaluation of friction and initial imperfection effects on sandwich pipes local buckling. The non-linear evaluation was carried out in FEM of local buckling of two sandwich pipes, with polypropylene and cement as filled annular material. The influence of initial imperfections and the degree of friction, between the annular material and the steel pipes, as well as geometric variations of the pipe were considered. The numerical simulations results indicate a capacity to withstand ultra-deep waters collapsing pressures, around 3000 m, either for polypropylene or cement filled annular material model. In addition, the results indicate that the collapse pressure is inversely proportional to the increase in annular thickness and directly proportional to the decrease in friction which have an impact and contribution on the carrying capacity of the sandwich pipe. Further research will consider a design of experiments analysis of reported effects for different diameter-to-thickness ratios.     

Laboratory tests and thermal buckling analysis for pipes buried in Bohai soft clay

Upheaval buckling of submarine pipelines occurs due to relative movement of pipeline and surrounding soil and is often triggered by high operational temperature of the pipeline, initial imperfection of the pipeline, or a combination of both. Since buckling can jeopardize the structural integrity of a pipeline, it is a failure mode that should to be taken into account for the design and in-service assessment of trenched and buried offshore pipelines. In this study, a series of vertical (uplift) and axial pullout tests were carried out on model pipe segments buried in soft clay deposit similar to that present in Bohai Gulf, China. Pipe segments with three different diameters (= 30 mm, 50 mm and 80 mm) were buried in different depth-to-diameter ratios ranging from 1 to 8. Based on the results of laboratory tests, nonlinear force–displacement relations are proposed to model soil resistance mobilized during pipeline movement. The proposed nonlinear soil resistance models are employed in finite element analysis of buried pipelines with different amplitudes of initial geometric imperfections. Thermal upheaval buckling behavior of pipelines operating at different temperatures is studied. Results show that the capacity of pipeline against thermal buckling increases with the burial depth and decreases with the amplitude of initial imperfection.     

PE管在豪华游轮中的应用研究

通过介绍某豪华游轮在管系施工中使用PE管的技术与方案,将其与传统的钢制管道施工方案进行对比,确定PE管道在船舶施工中的安装、连接和包扎方式,认为PE管道在船舶建造中具有明显优势,应用前景可观。     

Imperfection study on lateral thermal buckling of subsea pipeline triggered by a distributed buoyancy section

Controlled lateral buckling is triggered by distributed buoyancy section at predesigned sites to release the axial force induced by high temperature and high pressure in subsea pipelines. Due to the larger diameter and smaller submerged weight of distributed buoyancy section, compared to the normal pipe section, imperfections are more easily introduced at the location of distributed buoyancy section. In this study, an analytical model is proposed to simulate lateral buckling triggered by a distributed buoyancy section for an imperfect subsea pipeline, which is validated by test data. Semi-analytical solutions are derived. First, snap-through buckling behaviour is discussed. Then the influence of initial imperfections on buckled configurations, post-buckling behaviour, displacement amplitude and maximum stress is discussed in detail. The results show that there is no snap-through phenomenon for large amplitude of initial imperfections, which appears only when the amplitude of imperfection is small enough. The displacement amplitude increases with the amplitude of initial imperfections, and it first increases and then decreases with wavelength of initial imperfection. Compared to a perfect pipeline, the maximum stress amplifies for relative small wavelength of initial imperfections. Therefore, a large enough wavelength of initial imperfection should be introduced.     

Snap behaviour in the upheaval buckling of subsea pipelines under topographic step imperfection

Pipelines exposed to high temperature and high pressure with a topographic step imperfection are susceptible to the phenomenon of upheaval buckling potentially leading to a hazard for the structural integrity of the pipeline. To analyse this problem we derive analytical upheaval buckling solutions and obtain the locations of maximum displacement and maximum axial compressive stress. We also analyse the typical post-buckling behaviour and its dependence on step height, axial soil resistance and wall thickness. The difference in behaviour between a pipeline with step imperfection and one with a symmetric prop imperfection is discussed. Our results show that a pipeline with a step imperfection is more prone to upheaval buckling than a perfect pipeline. For sufficiently small step heights the pipeline may suffer a snap-back instability under decreasing thermal loading, raising the possibility of hysteretic snap behaviour under cyclic thermal loading (for instance caused by periodic start-ups and shut-downs). The snap-back buckling disappears for large enough step height and the minimum critical temperature difference decreases with increasing step height and wall thickness or with decreasing axial soil resistance. The maximum compressive stress decreases with increasing step height and axial soil resistance or with decreasing wall thickness. A pipeline with step imperfection is safer than one with a symmetric prop imperfection.     

LNG管道冷应力数值模拟

在LNG船舶设计建造中,用于运输、装卸的液化低温管道需承受-160~+80℃的温差变化,在这个过程中极易对船舶的管道造成应力损伤,因此有必要对LNG船舶管道进行应力分析。文章基于CFD建立T型三通管管道模型,利用FLUENT软件进行数值模拟,从不同支管管径和不同预冷速度2个角度,研究支管管径、进口流速对三通管内压力场、以及应力对管壁总变形的影响。结果表明,三通管道预冷过程中产生的位移即总变形较大区域集中在主管与支管交汇的中心,即约主管高的1/2处,其中支管管径与支管流速变化时,其最大值也会相应增大或者减小。     

Controlled pipeline lateral buckling by reeling induced curvature imperfections

Expansion of pipelines installed on the sea floor due to the passage of high temperature and pressure hydrocarbons leads to lateral buckling. Interaction with a frictional sea floor can result in localization of such buckles, which must be controlled to ensure that the local bending is within acceptable limits. Periodic geometric imperfections introduced to a pipeline installed by reeling using the Residual Curvature Method are modeled and their effectiveness as expansion loops is evaluated. The imperfections are generated by allowing chosen lengths of the line to retain a small curvature by judicious action at the straightener. The model properly accounts for the complex interactions between geometric and material nonlinearities with frictional forces. It is demonstrated that as the temperature increases, the line can buckle in a snap-through manner, or can grow stably usually causing plastic deformation in its crest. The behavior is governed by the length, curvature, amplitude and periodicity of the imperfection, and by the lateral and axial frictional forces that develop. The effect of each of these variables is studied parametrically. Overall, the Residual Curvature Method is found to be a viable and effective method of controlling lateral buckling. The results provide guidance on the optimal periodicity, how to avoid snap-through buckling, and how to simultaneously minimize plastic bending.     

Propagating buckles in corroded pipelines

Rigid–plastic solutions for the steady-state, quasi-static buckle propagation pressure in corroded pipelines are derived and compared to finite element predictions (ABAQUS). The corroded pipeline is modeled as an infinitely long, cylindrical shell with a section of reduced thickness that is used to describe the corrosion. A five plastic hinge mechanism is used to describe plastic collapse of the corroded pipeline. Closed-form expressions are given for the buckle propagation pressure as a function of the amount of corrosion in an X77 steel pipeline. Buckles that propagate down the pipeline are caused by either global or snap-through buckling, depending on the amount of corrosion. Global buckling occurs when the angular extent of the corrosion is greater than 90°. When the angular extent is less than 90° and the corrosion is severe, snap-through buckling takes place. The buckle propagation pressure and the corresponding collapse modes also compare well to finite element predictions.     

非粘合柔性管破段强度解析分析（英文）

This paper presents an analytical scheme for predicting the collapse strength of a flexible pipe, which considers the structural interaction between relevant layers. The analytical results were compared with a FEA model and a number of test data, and showed reasonably good agreement. The theoretical analysis showed that the pressure armor layer enhanced the strength of the carcass against buckling, though the barrier weakened this effect. The collapse strength of pipe was influenced by many factors such as the inner radius of the pipe, the thickness of the layers and the mechanical properties of the materials. For example, an increase in the thickness of the barrier will increase contact pressure and in turn reduce the critical pressure.