基于改进Wagner方法的轴对称体入水“后时段”砰击载荷数值计算

文章基于三维边界元方法研究了三维轴对称体入水砰击载荷的数值算法。算法从三维力学模型出发,继承Wagner自由液面抬升理论,引入浸深因子Cw以确定自由液面抬升高度,将自由液面线性化处理,同时考虑网格运动,在自由液面附近对网格进行截断重构,以确保水下湿面积的精准。算法中使用考虑加权运动项的非线性伯努利方程计算得到入水结构的表面压力,进一步积分可得入水结构的总体受力;另外,算法中引入虚拟面元的概念,将砰击载荷计算时历延长至液面高于坠物制高点之后,扩大了传统入水载荷计算的时历范围,并且文中引用Alaoui半球入水试验,对算法的正确性及适用性进行了验证。     

某滑行艇模型瞬态水动力特性数值分析

针对滑行艇瞬态水动力特性的预报问题,采用基于全六面体非结构化网格动网格技术求解粘性雷诺平均方程的FINE/Marine商用软件,使用自由液面捕捉法,结合SST k-ω湍流模型,进行数值模拟,分析了1.18 m滑行艇在不同航速下的水动力特性,其中自由液面捕捉采用BRICS离散格式.通过与已有的船模试验结果比较,表明文中的模拟方法可以很好预报船舶水动力特性.     

低装载液箱晃荡砰击载荷的CLSVOF数值模拟

应用CLSVOF数值方法模拟并计算液箱剧烈晃荡的砰击载荷。该方法由level-set方程获得网格内自由液面法向量,并由PLICVOF方法重构自由液面,然后在重构后的自由液面上进行level-set方程的重新初始化。应用该方法,模拟了横摇以及横荡共振激励作用下低装载液箱的晃荡砰击载荷,并与实验结果进行了对比,计算结果与实验结果较为一致。     

弹性楔形体各状态参数对入水运动性能的影响

为了分析砰击问题的各种状态参数对船舶入水运动性能的影响,文章采用一种新的 CFD （Computational Fluid Dynamic）方法动态数值模拟了二维弹性楔形结构的自由入水过程。此方法利用液面捕捉法和直角切割网格系统解决入水过程中瞬时移动的自由液面和动边界问题,结合弹性板条梁结构的有限元理论将算法扩展应用于弹性结构的入水特性分析。其中,根据流场的直角切割网格和弹性结构的板条梁单元的特点,提出适合该文算法的流固耦合策略和边界数据传递方法。通过与实验数据进行比较,证明了文中算法求解弹性楔形体入水问题的正确性和合理性。最后,建立不同状态参数（结构材料属性、板厚和质量、底面斜升角和入水高度等）的弹性楔形结构自由入水模型,研究了各参数对自由入水的弹性楔形结构的整体运动性能和局部变形响应的影响。     

重叠网格在船舶CFD中的应用研究

文章采用RANS方法和重叠网格计算了带自由液面的船舶绕流问题。计算网格采用重叠网格的型式,自由液面的模拟采用单相Level-Set方法,Reynolds应力采用k-ω模型,采用体单元有限差分方法和PISO算法求解RANS方程。文中简要描述了重叠网格和单相Level Set自由液面模拟方法的数学模型及求解。通过对S60单体船型约束模和自由模型采用重叠网格的数值求解及与试验结果的比较表明该重叠可较好地模拟带自由液面船舶自由态绕流问题。另采用重叠网格对一简单的双体船和三体船进行了数值求解,计算结果也表明重叠网格和单相Level-Set方法可较好地模拟带自由液面的船舶绕流问题。     

中低雷诺数流动直接数值模拟的算法比较

文章采用不同的算法对中低雷诺数方腔驱动流动进行了直接数值模拟,所用算法分别是人工压缩方法、SIMPLE算法以及PISO算法.三种算法均采用有限体积法基于交错网格技术离散N-S方程,时间项采用全隐格式离散,对流项采用QUICK格式离散,并将它们得到结果与Ghia发表的基准解进行了比对.文中分析了在同样的收敛条件下,不同算法之间的稳定性,收敛速率以及准确性的差异,发现PISO算法在较低雷诺数Re=400和Re=1000情况下最准确,而人工压缩算法在雷诺数为5000时最准确,在所有计算的不同Re数条件下,发现人工压缩法达到收敛所需时间都是最少的,这可以使它成为中低雷诺数下研究直接数值模拟最好的算法之一.     

自由降落式救生艇释放运动研究

为了建立自由降落式救生艇释放运动的模型，分析救生艇释放的运动过程，将其分为下滑、旋转、自由下落和入水4个阶段，对每个阶段进行受力分析，并建立运动方程。在入水阶段，根据切片理论，在求解入水半宽和附加质量时，考虑液面抬升，分别采用动量理论和动能理论计算艇入水时所受砰击力；利用四阶龙格库塔求解救生艇运动模型，将模拟试验的数据与模型试验结果进行对比，结果发现利用动能理论所得的结果与模型试验结果较为吻合。研究结果显示，考虑液面抬升时，利用动能理论计算砰击力能较准确地模拟自由降落式救生艇的入水运动。     

LBM方法数值模拟飞溅流动的影响因素研究

文章采用格子Boltzmann单相自由面模型模拟飞溅流动问题,以楔形体入水问题为模拟对象,研究了网格精细度、计算域、水动力相似参数对飞溅效果的影响。研究表明,亿量级网格下入水飞溅射流及飞溅端部的细小液滴结构十分清晰,模拟结果明显优于百万量级、千万量级网格;计算域超过模型尺度3倍后飞溅效果不受影响;以自由液面面积S的增长率η为比较参数,当Re数、Fr数较小时对飞溅效果有明显影响,大于一定数值后,飞溅效果基本一致。     

基于重叠网格的某新型舟桥数值模拟

采用RANS方法和重叠网格计算了带自由液面的全航速范围内桥脚分置式门桥绕流问题.自由液面的模拟采用单相Level-Set方法,Reynolds应力采用k-ω模型,采用PISO算法求解RANS方程,获得门桥阻力、波型等参数.简要描述了重叠网格及单相Level Set自由液面模拟方法.通过对桥脚分置式门桥在全航速范围下数值求解与试验结果比较,结果表明本方法可有效模拟全航速下的门桥绕流问题.     

三维球鼻艏入水砰击研究

基于有限体积法的数值仿真方法对三维球鼻艏的入水砰击问题进行了研究.建立包含气水流场的三维有限元模型,研究了入水过程中流场的自由液面的变化、空气层的作用、纵向曲率和纵向速度对入水压力的影响等问题.结果表明,数值计算仿真的方法可以有效的模拟三维球鼻艏入水过程中自由液面和空气层的变化情况,在相同有效冲击角处球鼻艏的纵向曲率对砰击压力也有较大的影响.     

全非线性方法对于沉浸双圆柱定常前行运动引起自由表面流的研究（英文）

The free surface flow generated by twin-cylinders in forced motion submerged beneath the free surface is studied based on the boundary element method. Two relative locations, namely, horizontal and vertical, are examined for the twin cylinders. In both cases, the twin cylinders are starting from rest and ultimately moving with the same constant speed through an accelerating process. Assuming that the fluid is inviscid and incompressible and the flow to be irrotational, the integral Laplace equation can be discretized based on the boundary element method. Fully-nonlinear boundary conditions are satisfied on the unknown free surface and the moving body surface. The free surface is traced by a Lagrangian technique. Regriding and remeshing are applied, which is crucial to quality of the numerical results. Single circular cylinder and elliptical cylinder are calculated by linear method and fully nonlinear method for accuracy checking and then fully nonlinear method is conducted on the twin cylinder cases, respectively. The generated wave elevation and the resultant force are analysed to discuss the influence of the gap between the two cylinders as well as the water depth. It is found that no matter the kind of distribution, when the moving cylinders are close to each other, they suffer hydrodynamic force with large absolute value in the direction of motion. The trend of force varying with the increase of gap can be clearly seen from numerical analysis. The vertically distributed twin cylinders seem to attract with each other while the horizontally distributed twin cylinders are opposite when they are close to each other.     

常水深下斜浪入射无波势研究（英文）

In this paper, a method to construct oblique wave-free potentials in the linearised theory of water waves for water with uniform finite depth is presented in a systematic manner. The water has either a free surface or an ice-cover modelled as a thin elastic plate. For the case of free surface, the effect of surface tension may be neglected or taken into account. Here, the wave-free potentials are singular solutions of the modified Helmholtz equation, having singularity at a point in the fluid region and they satisfy the conditions at the upper surface and the bottom of water region and decay rapidly away from the point of singularity. These are useful in obtaining solutions to oblique water wave problems involving bodies with circular cross-sections such as long horizontal cylinders submerged or half-immersed in water of uniform finite depth with a free surface or an ice-cover modelled as a floating elastic plate. Finally, the forms of the upper surface related to the wave-free potentials constructed here are depicted graphically in a number of figures to visualize the wave motion. The results for non-oblique wave-free potentials and the upper surface wave-free potentials are obtained. The wave-free potentials constructed here will be useful in the mathematical study of water wave problems involving infinitely long horizontal cylinders, either half-immersed or completely immersed in water.     

弹体出水附加质量计算及对阻尼系数的影响分析

给出了水下结构刚体运动、弹性振动引起的附加质量的计算方法;考虑水下结构运动产生的附加质量是随时间变化的量,给出了计及这种变化的结构运动方程,由此得出变化的附加质量所引起的阻尼系数的改变项。在此基础上以弹体出水过程为研究对象,计算了出水过程中结构附加质量随时间的变化情况,同时得出弹体附加质量的变化所引起的阻尼系数的改变量。计算结果表明：附加质量在水深和自由液面附近变化平缓,结构在二者之间运动时变化显著,且由此引起的阻尼系数的改变量不可忽略。     

入水问题的求解及其相关的工程应用(英文)

For solving water entry problems, a numerical method is presented, which is a CFD method based on free surface capturing method and Cartesian cut cell mesh. In this approach, incompressible Euler equations for a variable density fluid are numerically calculated by the finite volume method. Then artificial compressibility method, dual time-stepping technique and Roe’s approximate Riemann solver are adopted in the numerical scheme. Finally, some application cases are designed to show the ability of the current method to cope with water entry problems in ocean engineering.     

基于BFC-VOF方法的弧形防浪墙水动力数值模拟

文章建立了一种基于适体坐标系(BFC)的计算流体力学模型.采用坐标变换方法实现了任意复杂区域的结构化网格划分,在贴体网格下对二维不可压缩粘性流体的控制方程进行了离散,修正了贴体坐标下的界面跟踪方法(VOF方法).对弧形防浪墙结构附近的压力场,波面历时曲线进行了数值计算.将采用适体坐标的计算结果与在笛卡尔坐标网格下采用部...     

破损船舶进水模拟

本文应用RANS方程进行了破损舰艇的进水模拟。使用了流体体积法、两方程湍流模型及壁函数处理自由面附近湍流流动，给出了后台阶流动、 系列60以及破损Burgundy船的CFD模拟计算结果，捕捉了船舶破损相关的基本流动特征。     

带有变化率的同轴圆柱体受到的波浪力研究(英文)

Wave diffraction of two concentric porous cylinders with varying porosity was studied by using an analytical method based on eigenfunction matching.The fluid domain around the cylinders is divided into three sub-domains and in each sub-domain an eigenfunction expansion of the velocity potential is obtained by satisfying the Laplace equation,the boundary conditions on the free surface and on the sea bed.The unknown coefficients of eigenfunction expansions are determined by boundary conditions on the porous hulls.In the paper,the boundary conditions are based upon the assumption that the flow in the porous medium is governed by Darcy’s law.Two porous-effect parameters applied on two porous cylinders are functions of the vertical coordinate instead of the constant.Wave loading on the outer and inner cylinder is presented in the numerical results.     

A finite pointset method for the numerical simulation of free surface flow around a ship

In this paper, we present a Finite pointset method (FPM) for the numerical simulation of free surface flow around a ship in calm water. It is a Lagrangian and meshless particle scheme which is applied to the projection method for the incompressible governing equations. This requires the solution of Poisson problems in each time step, so a moving least squares (MLS) interpolants is used for the spatial derivatives in order to discretize the Poisson equation with pressure-Dirichlet condition of free surface flow in meshless structure. Meanwhile, an additional problem of the periodic particle locations redistribution in the present approach is still handled by MLS interpolants. With the proposed FPM technique, problems associated with the free surface flow around a ship are circumvented. A verification of numerical modeling is made using the Wigley hull and the validity of the proposed methodology is examined by comparing the detail of wave profile and wave-making resistance with Series 60 model. The results demonstrate that FPM is able to perform efficient and stable simulations of free surface flow around a ship.     

有限深度均匀水流中圆柱横向阻力影响特性

为解决规则圆柱桩群阻力计算问题，以指导涉及规则圆柱桩群的物理模型试验和数值模拟计算等工作，在归纳总结已有研究成果的基础上，通过先进的数显式测力设备和较为准确的悬浮测力法，对有限深度均匀水流中多圆柱横向等间距不同方式的排列桩群进行了阻力测试研究，得出了有限深度均匀水流中圆柱横向阻力影响特性规律，并归纳总结出了圆柱横向阻力影响系数的经验公式。通过大量的测试试验数据证实了这些研究规律的准确性、有效性及实用性，对工程实践具有参考价值。     

Numerical investigation of the gate motion effect on a dam break flow

The effects of a moving gate on dam break flow experiments are numerically considered in this paper. The dam break flow process is modelled by a sudden gate release. A Constrained Interpolation Profile (CIP)-based model is employed to solve the Navier-Stokes equations with the free surface boundary condition to deal with the water-air-gate interactions. In addition, the VOF-type THINC/SW method is used to capture the free surface. The movable gate is simulated by an immersed boundary, and a gate motion formula is proposed from existing experimental data and applied in the dam break flow computations. The difference between the water profile and pressure domain with/without gate motion is examined. The dam breaks with different gate motions are discussed as well. The numerical results show that the proposed gate motion formula correlates well with the numerical modelling, and the gate motion has a significant influence in the water collapse process and cannot be neglected in the study of dam break.